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Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 271
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Book Description
The increased need for experimental verification of the seismic performance of conventional and novel structural systems has resulted in highly sophisticated dynamic test procedures. Hybrid simulation, including pseudo-dynamic testing of experimental substructures, offers an efficient method for assessment of dynamic and rate-dependent behavior of large-scale structural systems subjected to earthquake excitation. Compared to earthquake simulations using shake tables, hybrid simulation may have significant advantages in terms of cost, scale, geometry, and required physical mass of structures and components that can be tested. However, recent hybrid simulations have been limited to simplified structural models with only a few degrees of freedom. This is primarily due to the fact that hybrid simulation is a relatively new test method that is still being improved through research. Currently, the major challenges for using hybrid simulation in large and complex structural systems are the lack of robust simulation algorithms, and the sensitivity of the results to experimental errors in the presence of high-frequency modes. The main motivation for this research is to develop reliable test procedures that can be easily applied to fast and real-time hybrid simulations of large and complex structural systems. It is also attempted to develop test procedures that are effective for geographically distributed hybrid simulations. In this dissertation, recent developments to improve the accuracy and stability of hybrid simulation are described using the state-of-the-art pseudo-dynamic hybrid simulation system at the Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory, University at Buffalo. In particular, delay compensation procedures are examined, and new methods are proposed. These methods are based on the correction of tracking errors in force measurement signal, and using the numerical integration procedure for prediction and compensation of command displacement signal. A new online procedure is proposed for estimation of delay during the simulation, and is shown to have better performance compared to existing online delay estimation methods. Furthermore, two numerical integration procedures are introduced for hybrid simulation, which are shown to improve the stability and accuracy properties of the simulation. The proposed integration algorithms use experimental measurements to iterate within implicit scheme and also take advantage of a new approach to estimate the tangent stiffness matrix of experimental substructures. For assessment of the reliability of hybrid simulation results, energy-based error monitors are proposed to examine the severity of experimental and numerical errors. These measures are then used to demonstrate the improved accuracy offered by new algorithms proposed here through analytical and numerical studies, and numerical and experimental simulations.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 271
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Book Description
The increased need for experimental verification of the seismic performance of conventional and novel structural systems has resulted in highly sophisticated dynamic test procedures. Hybrid simulation, including pseudo-dynamic testing of experimental substructures, offers an efficient method for assessment of dynamic and rate-dependent behavior of large-scale structural systems subjected to earthquake excitation. Compared to earthquake simulations using shake tables, hybrid simulation may have significant advantages in terms of cost, scale, geometry, and required physical mass of structures and components that can be tested. However, recent hybrid simulations have been limited to simplified structural models with only a few degrees of freedom. This is primarily due to the fact that hybrid simulation is a relatively new test method that is still being improved through research. Currently, the major challenges for using hybrid simulation in large and complex structural systems are the lack of robust simulation algorithms, and the sensitivity of the results to experimental errors in the presence of high-frequency modes. The main motivation for this research is to develop reliable test procedures that can be easily applied to fast and real-time hybrid simulations of large and complex structural systems. It is also attempted to develop test procedures that are effective for geographically distributed hybrid simulations. In this dissertation, recent developments to improve the accuracy and stability of hybrid simulation are described using the state-of-the-art pseudo-dynamic hybrid simulation system at the Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory, University at Buffalo. In particular, delay compensation procedures are examined, and new methods are proposed. These methods are based on the correction of tracking errors in force measurement signal, and using the numerical integration procedure for prediction and compensation of command displacement signal. A new online procedure is proposed for estimation of delay during the simulation, and is shown to have better performance compared to existing online delay estimation methods. Furthermore, two numerical integration procedures are introduced for hybrid simulation, which are shown to improve the stability and accuracy properties of the simulation. The proposed integration algorithms use experimental measurements to iterate within implicit scheme and also take advantage of a new approach to estimate the tangent stiffness matrix of experimental substructures. For assessment of the reliability of hybrid simulation results, energy-based error monitors are proposed to examine the severity of experimental and numerical errors. These measures are then used to demonstrate the improved accuracy offered by new algorithms proposed here through analytical and numerical studies, and numerical and experimental simulations.
Author: Muammer Avci
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Seismic base isolation of buildings is widely used and accepted to reduce structural and nonstructural damage caused by earthquakes. To explore performance and improvements to base isolation, experimental testing is necessary and real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) can play a critical role in this process. RTHS allows a structural dynamic system to be partitioned into physical and numerical substructures. The substructure of interest is physically tested, while the substructure that is better understood or more difficult to test in the laboratory is simulated in real-time using analytical or numerical models. This research examines the role of newly proposed stability analysis methods in the application of real-time hybrid sub-structuring (RTHS) for challenging laboratory experiments, including the shake table testing of a fixed base superstructure in a base isolated system subjected to earthquake ground motion. Also, this research considers a seismically excited base isolated building with a supplemental viscous damper located at the isolation layer. Experimental results demonstrate the ability to safety conduct RTHS tests of a fixed base structure mounted to a shake table, in conjunction with a separate physical component of a device located in the isolation layer. This method can be applied to larger scale structures using the methods developed and demonstrated to design and conduct large-scale proposed RTHS experiments to further examine seismic base-isolation of building structures.
Author: Joel P. Conte
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319674439
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 926
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Book Description
This edited volume presents selected contributions from the International Conference on Experimental Vibration Analysis of Civil Engineering Structures held in San Diego, California in 2017 (EVACES2017). The event brought together engineers, scientists, researchers, and practitioners, providing a forum for discussing and disseminating the latest developments and achievements in all major aspects of dynamic testing for civil engineering structures, including instrumentation, sources of excitation, data analysis, system identification, monitoring and condition assessment, in-situ and laboratory experiments, codes and standards, and vibration mitigation.
Author: Ronald Jansen Gultom
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Earthquake hazard analysis
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Book Description
Experimental testing remains the most reliable tool to help understanding the response of civil engineering structures due to earthquake excitations despite significant advancements in structural analysis software. The hybrid simulation method addresses the challenges found in the shake table and the quasi-static testing methods by enabling dynamic tests on large scale structures at reduced speed, yet still obtaining the full dynamic response of the tested structure. Further efficiency in hybrid simulation is achieved through incorporating the substructuring concept, by only physically testing critical regions of a structure while numerically modelling the rest. A recent advance in the field is the development of the realtime hybrid simulation method. This method overcomes limitations in the conventional hybrid simulation, making it suitable for rate-dependent structures. One of the major challenges in real-time hybrid simulation is actuator delay, which imposes negative numerical damping and leads to inaccurate test results and potentially test instability. This study proposes an intuitive delay compensation procedure to correct the response in real-time, utilising energy balance between those resulted from external and internal forces during a simulation. A series of numerically simulated real-time hybrid simulations with delay is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the procedure in the presence of small to moderate delay. This study also develops a Kalman filter algorithm to be used in conjunction with the proposed delay compensation algorithm. An extensive parametric analysis through numerical simulations show that the algorithms improves the simulation accuracies and extend the stability limit of hybrid simulations in the presence of delay much further than the stability limit of the proposed delay compensation alone. This study adopts nonlinear co-ordinate transformation algorithm for multi-axial testing to perform moment-axial load compatible in-plane tests on wall structures, and bidirectional tests on simple columns. The co-ordinate transformation procedure accounts for global and local actuator co-ordinates, geometric nonlinearity, as well as changes in the test setup geometry during testing. The multi-axial test capability leads to a supplementary investigation on the effect of different displacement paths in bidirectional quasi-static and hybrid simulations on a rocking concrete column. The experiments demonstrate that for the same displacement amplitude in the quasi-static tests, out-of-phase displacement patterns produces lower force envelopes and energy dissipations compared to in-phase displacement patterns. In hybrid simulations, “staggering” displacement tracking strategies result in higher displacement amplitudes and hysteretic energy dissipations compared to “direct” tracking strategy. The last contribution from this study is an experimental validation of the substructuring concept in hybrid simulations, where there is behaviour incompatibility between the physical substructure and the full prototype structure. This is demonstrated through a hybrid simulation using a squat wall as the physical substructure, with intrinsically shear-dominant behaviour, to replicate the response of a flexure-dominant wall. The experiments show good agreements in terms of the hysteretic envelopes and the maximum force and displacement amplitudes between the squat and the flexure-dominant wall, as well as a good agreement between the experimental results and numerical models.
Author: Wei Song
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889663809
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 213
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 234
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Book Description
Real Time Dynamic Hybrid Simulation (RTDHS) was first proposed for structural engineering to evaluate the seismic performance of structural systems/components by combining the physical test and numerical simulation. During a hybrid simulation, the whole structure under investigation is divided into two parts. The part being physically constructed and tested is considered as the experimental substructure. The physical test can be conduced using either shake tables or dynamic actuators or both of them depending on the researcher's interest. The rest part of the structure, named as the computational substructure, is numerically modeled and simulated so the dynamic effect on experimental substructure at the interface is determined and applied by physical loading systems. The RTDHS is a force-based method and includes the currently used seismic testing methods within a unified formulation developed in this dissertation. The hardware components necessary for RTDHS were integrated into a unified control platform, which includes Structural and Seismic Testing Controllers; Data Acquisition and Information Streaming and Real Time Hybrid Simulation Controllers. A framework to drive the RTDHS test was designed and implemented to fulfill the function, such as structure response simulations, interface force calculations and compensations necessary to synchronize all components as well as their imperfect performance. The test platform developed facilitates not only the local RTDHS test but addresses geographically distributed hybrid simulation as well. Its flexible architecture allows to make improvements without modifying the hardware infrastructure. While a number of tests were performed in medium scale, a small scale pilot setup including a one story shear model, an actuator and a one directional shake table were constructed for the proof-of-concept of the proposed unified control platform. A three story hybrid simulated structure was tested. Test results verify the concept of the proposed unified formulation in RTDHS and the feasibility of the corresponding operating platform.
Author: Adam Mueller
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 173
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Book Description
Hybrid simulations have shown great potential for economic and reliable assessment of structural seismic performance through a combination of physically tested components, called the experimental substructure, and numerically simulated components, called the numerical substructure. Current hybrid simulation practices often use a fixed numerical model without considering the possible availability of a more accurate model obtained during hybrid simulation through an online model updating technique. To address this limitation and improve the reliability of numerical models in hybrid simulations, this study describes the implementation of an online model updating method in real time hybrid simulation. The Unscented Kalman Filter was selected as the model updating algorithm and applied to identify Bouc-Wen model parameters that define the hysteresis of the experimental substructure, and the identified parameters were therefore applied to the numerical substructures during the hybrid simulation. Firstly, a parametric study of the UKF system model parameters was carried out. Then the developed online model updating method was experimentally validated through RTHS. Finally, guidelines for implementing the UKF for online model updating in future RTHS are provided.
Author: Victor Saouma
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1482288613
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 242
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Book Description
Hybrid Simulation deals with a rapidly evolving technology combining computer simulation (typically finite element) and physical laboratory testing of two complementary substructures. It is a cost effective alternative to shaking table test, and allows for the improved understanding of complex coupled systems. Traditionally, numerical simulation an
Author: Fardad Mokhtari Dizaji
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Earthquake engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Numerical simulation and hybrid simulation are extensively used in earthquake engineering to evaluate the seismic response of structures under seismic loading. Despite the advances in computing power and the development of efficient integration algorithms in the past, numerical simulation techniques suffer from a high computational cost and the uncertainty associated with the definition of constitutive material models, boundary conditions, and mesh density, in particular in highly nonlinear, large or complex structures. On the other hand, the results of hybrid simulation can become biased when only one or limited number of potential critical components, seismic fuses, are physically tested due to laboratory or cost constraints. The recent progress in machine learning algorithms and applications in engineering has motivated novel and innovative simulation techniques achieved by leveraging data in various fields of engineering including seismic engineering where complexities arising from the stochastic nature of the phenomenon can be tackled by making use of available experimental and numerical data towards the development of more reliable simulation models and dynamic analysis frameworks. Furthermore, to better exploit the potential of data-driven models, such models can efficiently be incorporated into the physics-based and experimental techniques, leading to improved seismic response assessment methods. This M.Sc. thesis proposes two new hybrid analysis frameworks by integrating emerging data-driven techniques into the conventional structural response assessment techniques, namely numerical simulation and hybrid testing, to perform the nonlinear structural analysis under seismic loading. The first framework, referred to as the hybrid data-driven and physics-based simulation (HyDPS) technique, combines the well-understood components of the structure modeled numerically with the critical components of the structure, e.g., seismic fuses, simulated using the proposed data-driven PI-SINDy model. The data-driven model is developed for steel buckling-restrained braces based on experimental data to mathematically estimate the underlying relationship between displacement history and restoring force. The second framework incorporates the data-driven model into the conventional seismic hybrid simulation framework where the experimental test data of one of the critical components (physical twin), e.g., steel buckling-restrained brace, produced during hybrid simulation can be used in real-time to predict the nonlinear cyclic response of the other critical components of the system (digital twins) that are not physically tested. This framework features a novel multi-element seismic hybrid simulation technique achieved by recursively updating the force-deformation response of the digital twin. The performance of the proposed data-driven hybrid analysis frameworks is verified using past experimental test data and nonlinear response history analyses performed under representative earthquake ground motion accelerations. The results reveal that integrating data-driven techniques into conventional seismic analysis methods, namely numerical simulation and hybrid simulation, yields a more efficient seismic simulation tool that can be used to examine the seismic response of structural systems.
Author: Federico Mazzolani
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0203861590
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 998
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Book Description
Behaviour of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas comprises the latest progress in both theoretical and experimental research on the behaviour of steel structures in seismic areas. The book presents the most recent trends in the field of steel structures in seismic areas, with particular reference to the utilisation of multi-level performance bas
