Rational Considerations for Modelling Human Thermoregulation During Cold Water Immersion PDF Download
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Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 25
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Book Description
Immersion in cold water brings about large changes in body temperature and metabolism that add to the complexity of modelling human thermoregulation. Three specific problems peculiar to such modelling are examined; they are 1) finite-difference solution of the bioheat equation; 2) differences between predicted and measured initial conditions; and 3) prediction of convective heat loss. An optimization of the finite-difference solution of the simpler, but related, heat conduction problem is presented. A greater benefit is obtained by increasing the number of nodes rather than decreasing the integration time interval. A procedure is given for matching the predicted and measured initial values of the deep body temperature and the metabolic rate which allows a more accurate determination of set-point values for thermoregulation. To circumvent the acute sensitivity to the skin-water temperature difference using the conventional prediction of convective heat loss, use of a heat balance during steady-state of the skin temperature is outlined. Keywords: Heat stress; Acclimatization; Hypothermia; Computer modeling.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 25
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Book Description
Immersion in cold water brings about large changes in body temperature and metabolism that add to the complexity of modelling human thermoregulation. Three specific problems peculiar to such modelling are examined; they are 1) finite-difference solution of the bioheat equation; 2) differences between predicted and measured initial conditions; and 3) prediction of convective heat loss. An optimization of the finite-difference solution of the simpler, but related, heat conduction problem is presented. A greater benefit is obtained by increasing the number of nodes rather than decreasing the integration time interval. A procedure is given for matching the predicted and measured initial values of the deep body temperature and the metabolic rate which allows a more accurate determination of set-point values for thermoregulation. To circumvent the acute sensitivity to the skin-water temperature difference using the conventional prediction of convective heat loss, use of a heat balance during steady-state of the skin temperature is outlined. Keywords: Heat stress; Acclimatization; Hypothermia; Computer modeling.
Author: Peter Tikuisis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 35
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Book Description
A mathematical model of thermoregulation has been developed to simulate human physiological responses to cold-water immersion. Data were obtained from experiments where thirteen healthy male volunteers were totally immersed under resting and nude conditions for 1 h in water temperatures of 20 and 28 C. Mean measured rectal temperature (T sub re) fell by about 0.9 and 0.5 C in 20 and 28 C water for all subjects, yet mean measured metabolic rate (M) rose by about 275 and 90 W for the lean mass group (n=7) and 195 and 45 W for the normal mass group (n=6). To predict the observed T sub re and M values, the present model differed from its predecessors by a) determining a thermally neutral body temperature profile such that the measured and predicted initial values of T sub re and M were matched, b) including thermal inputs for shivering from the skin independent of their inclusion with the central temperature to account for the observed initial rapid rise in M, c) confining the initial shivering to the trunk region to avoid an overly large predicted initial rate of rectal cooling, and d) calculating the steady state of convective heat loss by assuming a zero rate of heat storage in the skin compartment.
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Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 964
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Book Description
Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
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ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 492
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ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 1028
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ISBN:
Category : Aviation medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 520
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Author: Karl Friedl
Publisher: Department of the Army
ISBN:
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 438
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NOTE: NO FURTHER DISCOUNT FOR THIS PRINT PRODUCT- OVERSTOCK SALE -- Significantly reduced list price Few human activities demand or deserve as much attention of the citizens of a nation as the array of man-made and natural "environmental" threats faced by the soldiers and other warriors defending the nation - those that pose the risk of disease, injury, combat wounds, and even death. This book is the Army's first detailing research in computational physiology models and highlighting pivotal research. It outlines the extent to which basic and applied biomedical scientists, clinicians, modelers, and others stribe to understand the extent of these threats, and provide intellectual and materiel options to mitigate these risks. This book summarizes major Army research efforts to quantify and model military relevant physiology. These chapters highlight the translation of this research into useful predictive tools. The tools are of importance to medical planners, materiel developers, commanders, and in many cases, every soldier. These chapters detail the experimental basis for many of the predictive tools that are currently in use. This book is written for military clinicians, and medical researchers who may be reasonably expected to explain some of the background, as well as those who will extend the research. Many people will find this book interesting because it details research on topics that affect everyone in everyday life, including how we sleep, eat, and exercise, as well as more specific topics such as the effects of caffeine on performance, risks associated with laser pointers, and even Army blast models that have influenced safety thresholds for car airbag deployments.
Author: Kent B. Pandolf
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Acclimatization
Languages : en
Pages : 664
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Author: The Borden Institute, U.S. Army Medical Department
Publisher: Government Printing Office
ISBN: 0160939119
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 430
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Book Description
Few human activities demand or deserve as much attention of the citizens of a nation as the array of man-made and natural “environmental” threats faced by the soldiers and other warriors defending the nation – those that pose the risk of disease, injury, combat wounds, and even death. This book is the Army’s first detailing research in computational physiology models and highlighting pivotal research. It outlines the extent to which basic and applied biomedical scientists, clinicians, modelers, and others strive to understand the extent of these threats, and provide intellectual and materiel options to mitigate these risks. This book summarizes major Army research efforts to quantify and model military relevant physiology. These chapters highlight the translation of this research into useful predictive tools. The tools are of importance to medical planners, materiel developers, commanders, and in many cases, every soldier. These chapters detail the experimental basis for many of the predictive tools that are currently in use. This book is written for military clinicians, and medical researchers who may be reasonably expected to explain some of the background, as well as those who will extend the research. Many people will find this book interesting because it details research on topics that affect everyone in everyday life, including how we sleep, eat, and exercise, as well as more specific topics such as the effects of caffeine on performance, risks associated with laser pointers, and even Army blast models that have influenced safety thresholds for car airbag deployments.
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Category : Government reports announcements & index
Languages : en
Pages : 1600
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