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Author: Linda VanAelst
Publisher: Perspectives Cshl
ISBN: 9781621822219
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Book Description
Ras proteins are key molecular switches in cell signaling pathways that, when activated, trigger cell growth and division. Mutations that produce abnormally active Ras proteins are common in human cancers, particularly those of the pancreas, lung, and colon. These cancers can be difficult to treat because Ras oncoproteins have long been considered 'undruggable.' Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine covers the recent progress that has been made in understanding Ras biology, how Ras activation leads to tumorigenesis, and ways in which oncogenic Ras signaling may be targeted therapeutically. The contributors review the biochemical characteristics of the different Ras isoforms (HRAS, KRAS, and NRAS), their main effectors and signaling pathways, and the mutations that lead to their constitutive activation. Recent work showing that some Ras oncoproteins may be effectively inhibited by small molecules is covered, as is work on alternative targets (e.g., enzymes that catalyze posttranslational modifications of Ras) and inhibitors (e.g., nucleic acids). The authors also discuss how organoids and mouse models are being used to study tumor progression and therapeutic efficacy. This volume is therefore essential reading for all cancer biologists, cell and molecular biologists, and pharmacologists concerned with understanding and treating Ras-driven cancers.
Author: Linda VanAelst
Publisher: Perspectives Cshl
ISBN: 9781621822219
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 300
Get Book Here
Book Description
Ras proteins are key molecular switches in cell signaling pathways that, when activated, trigger cell growth and division. Mutations that produce abnormally active Ras proteins are common in human cancers, particularly those of the pancreas, lung, and colon. These cancers can be difficult to treat because Ras oncoproteins have long been considered 'undruggable.' Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine covers the recent progress that has been made in understanding Ras biology, how Ras activation leads to tumorigenesis, and ways in which oncogenic Ras signaling may be targeted therapeutically. The contributors review the biochemical characteristics of the different Ras isoforms (HRAS, KRAS, and NRAS), their main effectors and signaling pathways, and the mutations that lead to their constitutive activation. Recent work showing that some Ras oncoproteins may be effectively inhibited by small molecules is covered, as is work on alternative targets (e.g., enzymes that catalyze posttranslational modifications of Ras) and inhibitors (e.g., nucleic acids). The authors also discuss how organoids and mouse models are being used to study tumor progression and therapeutic efficacy. This volume is therefore essential reading for all cancer biologists, cell and molecular biologists, and pharmacologists concerned with understanding and treating Ras-driven cancers.
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128244852
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 356
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Book Description
Advances in Cancer Research, volume 153 provides a timely review of the biology, biochemistry, and current approaches to therapeutically target the RAS oncoprotein, the most frequently mutated oncogene family in human cancers. 2021 saw the approval of the first direct RAS inhibitor (sotorasib) for use in treating non-small cell lung cancers harboring KRAS(G12C) mutations. The successful approval and use of this drug highlights that the once "undruggable” RAS is indeed pharmacologically tractable. This volume provides an overview of efforts to develop additional approaches to therapeutically target oncogenic RAS. In addition, the reader will find excellent reviews on the history and research efforts to understand the biochemistry and oncogenic activity of RAS in human cancers. Overview of the history and development of efforts to pharmacologically inhibit RAS. Discussion of the biochemistry and biology of different RAS mutant proteins and how this might be effectively leveraged in the development of anti-RAS therapies. Up-to-date reviews of the cutting-edge approaches to develop new anti-RAS pharmacologics.
Author: Antonio Llombart-Bosch
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461500818
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 290
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Book Description
Given the latest advances in cancer research, which includes basic research and its derived diagnostic, clinical, and therapeutic applications, the book New Trends in Cancer for the 21st Century is written by individuals such as molecular biologists, whose tasks are to decipher, after sequencing the human genome, those new genes and pathways involved in the carcinogenesis process; clinical and molecular pathologists, who apply these discoveries for the molecular diagnosis and characterization of the tumor; and clinical oncologists, who treat patients. Pharmacogenetics introduces new perspectives in the translational fields with the design of drugs against specific targets, which at this moment are in clinical trials phases. This book achieves a state of the art in every field of cancer research and discusses the new perspectives that will open the future for cancer treatment (basic research, new technologies, new drugs, therapies...). For this reason, the book is intended for pathologists, clinicians, and biologists, as well as fellows and students of physiology and medicine.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309157870
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 317
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Book Description
The National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Clinical Trials Cooperative Group Program has played a key role in developing new and improved cancer therapies. However, the program is falling short of its potential, and the IOM recommends changes that aim to transform the Cooperative Group Program into a dynamic system that efficiently responds to emerging scientific knowledge; involves broad cooperation of stakeholders; and leverages evolving technologies to provide high-quality, practice-changing research.
Author: Pier Paolo Claudio
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
ISBN: 1608058808
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 529
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Book Description
Cancer is a broad group of diseases involving unregulated cell growth with elevated death rates as more people live in old age with mass lifestyle changes occurring in the world. The causes of cancer are diverse, complex, and still only partially understood. The chances of surviving the disease vary remarkably by the type and location of the malignancy and the extent of disease at the start of treatment. Early cancer detection is proving to be a valid approach. Cancer can be detected in a number of ways, including the presence of certain signs and symptoms, screening tests, or medical imaging. Cancer therapy is dynamically changing and revision and change in patient management is constant as our knowledge increases. Cancer is routinely treated with chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery. Tailored cancer targeted therapy is becoming an emerging objective of today. In this book, a constructive group of cancer research experts bring the reader their shared vision, to give an extensive and realistic view of individual tumors such as breast, oral, prostate, gastric, and neuroendocrine tumors. New and contemporary terms and concepts in genetics and epigenetics, diet, anticancer treatments, and anticancer drug delivery systems are introduced in this volume. This reference highlights present experimental strategies and key findings that enhance our understanding of cancer and of future therapies. This eBook is aimed at a broad audience of undergraduates, medical students, PhDs, cancer researchers, and also cancer patient families with the goal to conceive a curiosity about the subjects presented that will hopefully lead to further studies.
Author: Vijay Kumar
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1839686413
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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Book Description
The present book includes 17 chapters covering different fields of inflammation that can be classified into acute or chronic in response to trauma, infection, and exposure to other noninfectious agents, including allergens and xenobiotics. Inflammation is a self-healing process, upon the clearance of the foreign particle and helps to protect the host. However, when it is not resolved and becomes chronic, it may lead to cancer and autoimmune diseases. This book includes different topics of autoimmune diseases, cancer, and other sterile inflammatory conditions originating in the absence of allergens as well as autoimmune disease and generates inflammatory immune response. Hence, the book will prove beneficial to researchers and scientists involved in inflammation research.
Author: Gul Erdemli
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889194698
Category : Science (General)
Languages : en
Pages : 68
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Book Description
In the genomic era of 1990s-2000s, pharmaceutical research moved to target-based drug discovery which enabled development of a number of small molecule drugs against a wide range of diseases. In many cases however, drugs that arose from genomics failed, questioning the validity of the targets and the suitability of target-based drug discovery as an optimal strategy for all disease states. For monogenic diseases, target-based approaches may be well-suited to the identification of novel therapies. Most diseases, however, are caused by a combination of several genetic and environmental factors and are likely to require simultaneous modulation of multiple molecular targets/pathways for successful treatment. For such diseases, reductionist approaches focusing on individual targets rather than biological networks are unlikely to succeed and new drug development strategies are required. In search of more successful approaches, the pharmaceutical industry is moving towards phenotypic screening beyond individual genes/targets. However, this requires rethinking of diseases and drug discovery approaches from a network and systems biology perspective. Since returning to the pre-genomics era of screening drug candidates in laborious animal models is not a feasible solution, the industry needs to evolve a new paradigm of phenotypic drug discovery within the context of systems biology. Such a paradigm must combine physiologically and disease relevant biological substrates with sufficient throughput, operational simplicity and statistical vigour. Biomarker strategies for translational medicine, as well as preclinical safety and selectivity assessments, would also need to be revised to adapt to the target agnostic style. This focused issue aims to discuss strategies, key concepts and technologies related to systems-based approaches in drug development. Design and implementation of innovative biological assays, featuring multiple target strategies, and rational drug design in the absence of target knowledge during the early drug discovery are illustrated with examples. Specific topics include: • The need for systems-based approaches in drug development • Phenotypic screening strategies • Compound libraries (natural product inspired compound collections) • Target deconvolution and identification • Target agnostic lead discovery and optimization • Multi-target approaches and decoding the phenotype (understanding biological interactions and multiscale systems modelling) • Translational aspects • Early evaluation of selectivity and safety in a target agnostic manner
Author: Robert Bazell
Publisher: Random House
ISBN: 0307764982
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 241
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Book Description
Two years after she underwent a mastectomy and chemotherapy, Barbara Bradfield's aggressive breast cancer had recurred and spread to her lungs. The outlook was grim. Then she took part in Genentech's clinical trials for a new drug. Five years later she remains cancer-free. Her-2 is the biography of Herceptin, the drug that provoked dramatic responses in Barbara Bradfield and other women in the trials and that offers promise for hundreds of thousands of breast cancer patients. Unlike chemotherapy or radiation, Herceptin has no disabling side effects. It works by inactivating Her-2/neu--a protein that makes cancer cells grow especially quickly-- produced by a gene found in 25 to 30 percent of all breast tumors. Herceptin caused some patients' cancers to disappear completely; in others, it slowed the progression of the disease and gave the women months or years they wouldn't otherwise have had. Herceptin is the first treatment targeted at a gene defect that gives rise to cancer. It marks the beginning of a new era of treatment for all kinds of cancers. Robert Bazell presents a riveting account of how Herceptin was born. Her-2 is a story of dramatic discoveries and strong personalities, showing the combination of scientific investigation, money, politics, ego, corporate decisions, patient activism, and luck involved in moving this groundbreaking drug from the lab to a patient's bedside. Bazell's deft portraits introduce us to the remarkable people instrumental in Herceptin's history, including Dr. Dennis Slamon, the driven UCLA oncologist who played the primary role in developing the treatment; Lily Tartikoff, wife of television executive Brandon Tartikoff, who tapped into Hollywood money and glamour to help fund Slamon's research; and Marti Nelson, who inspired the activists who lobbied for a "compassionate use" program that would allow women outside the clinical trials to have access to the limited supplies of Herceptin prior to FDA approval of the drug. And throughout there are the stories of the heroic women with advanced breast cancer who volunteered for the trials, risking what time they had left on an unproven treatment. Meticulously researched, written with clarity and compassion, Her-2 is masterly reporting on cutting-edge science.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309056462
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 473
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Book Description
Vaccines have made it possible to eradicate the scourge of smallpox, promise the same for polio, and have profoundly reduced the threat posed by other diseases such as whooping cough, measles, and meningitis. What is next? There are many pathogens, autoimmune diseases, and cancers that may be promising targets for vaccine research and development. This volume provides an analytic framework and quantitative model for evaluating disease conditions that can be applied by those setting priorities for vaccine development over the coming decades. The committee describes an approach for comparing potential new vaccines based on their impact on morbidity and mortality and on the costs of both health care and vaccine development. The book examines: Lessons to be learned from the polio experience. Scientific advances that set the stage for new vaccines. Factors that affect how vaccines are used in the population. Value judgments and ethical questions raised by comparison of health needs and benefits. The committee provides a way to compare different forms of illness and set vaccine priorities without assigning a monetary value to lives. Their recommendations will be important to anyone involved in science policy and public health planning: policymakers, regulators, health care providers, vaccine manufacturers, and researchers.
Author: Krishnansu S Tewari
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319080660
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 211
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Book Description
A thorough review on ovarian cancer, treatment guidelines and emerging therapies available for the disease. The book was originally commissioned due to recent developments in therapies for ovarian cancer. This concise pocket book will review ovarian cancer’s epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis and medical management. Busy healthcare professionals will benefit from this text, which will not only cover the foundation of ovarian cancer management, but discuss up-to-date national and international treatment guidelines and upcoming therapies.
