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Author: Guido Remigia van der Werf
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 97
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Author: Guido Remigia van der Werf
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 97
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Book Description
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781721534036
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 26
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Book Description
Accurate quantification of the amounts of trace gases and particulate matter emitted from vegetation fires and other sources of biomass burning (agricultural waste and biofuels) on a regional and global basis is required by a number of users, including scientists studying a wide range of atmospheric processes, national governments who are required to report greenhouse gas emissions, and those interested in quantifying the sources of air pollution that affect human health at regional scales. Over the past decade, improvements in the ability to detect and map fires using a number of different satellite systems have been achieved, largely through efforts coordinated through working groups organized by the IGBP Data and Information System and Global Observation of Forest Cover (GOFC) projects. In addition, significant advances and improvement in or understanding of the emissions factors for biomass burning in different biomes has resulted through efforts by the Biomass Burning Experiment (BIBEX) organized through the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry project. A number of satellite-based fire data products have been generated, and a number of new products will shortly be available. These new data products will provide the basis for estimating emissions from biomass burning on a global basis. However, a number of issues remain concerning the availability of other data sets needed to generate these estimates. Recognizing these issues, the GOFC-Fire Satellite Validation Workshop (held in Lisbon, Portugal on 9-11 July 2001), recommended that a workshop focusing on Improving Global Estimates of Atmospheric Emissions from Biomass Burning be organized. This workshop was held from 17- 19 July 2002 on the campus of the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland. This workshop served as the annual meeting of the GOFC/GOLD-Fire Program. The overall goals of the meeting were to review the information products generated from satellite imagery and other sources that are c
Author: John L. Innes
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0306479591
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 357
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Book Description
JOHN L. INNES University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada The interactions between biomass burning and climate have been brought into focus by a number of recent events. Firstly, the Framework Convention on Climate Change and, more recently, the Kyoto Protocol, have drawn the attention of policy makers and others to the importance of biomass burning in relation to atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Secondly, the use of prescribed fires has become a major management tool in some countries; with for example the area with fuel treatments (which include prescribed burns and mechanical treatments) having increased on US National Forest System lands from 123,000 ha in 1985 to 677,000 ha in 1998. Thirdly, large numbers of forest fires in Indonesia, Brazil, Australia and elsewhere in 1997 and 1998 received unprecedented media attention. Consequently, it is appropriate that one of the Wengen Workshops on Global Change Research be devoted to the relationships between biomass burning and climate. This volume includes many of the papers presented at the workshop, but is also intended to act as a contribution to the state of knowledge on the int- relationships between biomass burning and climate change. Previous volumes on biomass burning (e. g. Goldammer 1990,Levine 1991a, Crutzen and Goldammer 1993, Levine 1996a, 1996b, Van Wilgen et al. 1997) have stressed various aspects of the biomass–climate issue, and provide a history of the development of our understanding of the many complex relationships that are involved.
Author: Johann G. Goldammer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642753957
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 515
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Book Description
In 1977, the Volkswagen Foundation sponsored the first of a series of International Symposia on Fire Ecology at Freiburg University, Federal Republic of Germany. The scope of the congresses was to create a platform for researchers at a time when the science of fire ecology was not yet recognized and established outside of North America and Australia. Whereas comprehensive information on the fire ecology of the northern boreal, the temperate, and the mediter ranean biotas is meanwhile available, it was recognized that conside rable gaps in information exist on the role of fire in tropical und sub tropical ecosystems. Thus it seemed timely to meet the growing scientific interest and public demand for reliable and updated infor mation and to synthesize the available knowledge of tropical fire ecology and the impact of tropical biomass burning on global eco system processes. The Third Symposium on Fire Ecology, again sponsored by the Volkswagen Foundation and held at Freiburg University in May 1989, was convened to prepare this first pantropical and multidisci plinary monograph on fire ecology!. The book, in which 46 scientists cooperated, analyzes those fire-related ecosystem processes which have not yet been described in a synoptic way. Following the editor's concept, duplication at previous efforts in describing tropical vegeta tion patterns and dynamics was avoided. Extensive bibliographical sources are given in the reference lists of the chapters.
Author: Evan Ellicott
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: James S. Clark
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 364259171X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 490
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Book Description
Biomass burning profoundly affects atmospheric chemistry, the carbon cycle, and climate and may have done so for millions of years. Bringing together renowned experts from paleoecology, fire ecology, atmospheric chemistry, and organic chemistry, the volume elucidates the role of fire during global changes of the past and future. Topics covered include: the characterization of combustion products that occur in sediments, including char, soot/fly ash, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; the calibration of these constituents against atmospheric measurements from wildland and prescribed fire emissions; spatial and temporal patterns in combustion emissions at scales of individual burns to the globe.
Author: Krishna Prasad Vadrevu
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0429666772
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 343
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Book Description
Unique in its discussion of the sources and the causes of biomass burning and atmospheric research in South and Southeast Asia. Explains the latest tools and techniques, in particular, the use of Satellite Remote Sensing and Geospatial technologies for fire mapping, monitoring, and Land Cover/Land Use. Focuses on large spatial scales integrating top-down and bottom-up methodologies. Addresses the pressing issues of environmental pollution that are rampant in South and Southeast Asia. Includes contributions from global experts actually working on biomass burning projects in the US, Japan, South/Southeast Asia, and Europe.
Author: Sheryl Kashi Akagi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 200
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Book Description
Biomass burning (BB) is the second largest source of trace gases and the largest source of primary fine carbonaceous particles in the global troposphere. Many recent BB studies have provided new emission factor (EF) measurements for non-methane organic compounds (NMOC), which are highly reactive and can influence secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and ozone formation. New EF should improve the input for atmospheric models along with regional-global BB emissions estimates. We present an up-to-date, comprehensive tabulation of EF for known pyrogenic species based on measurements made in smoke that has not yet undergone significant photochemical processing. All EFs are converted to one standard form (grams of compound emitted per kg dry biomass burned) and are categorized into 14 fuel or vegetation types. Post emission processes are discussed, highlighting the potential for rapid photochemical changes in smoke to occur; changes which are often difficult for some models and remote sensing products to detect and/or quantify. Emission factors reported in this work are currently being used in atmospheric models such as the Fire Inventory from NCAR (FINN) model. We also provide an in-depth analysis of a California chaparral fire from the San Luis Obispo Biomass Burning (SLOBB) campaign. This study provided the best plume-aging measurements collected from temperate fuels to date. Results from the Williams Fire in conjunction with other previous works suggest that plume aging drastically alters the photochemistry of biomass burning smoke, affecting areas both close to the source and downwind. Continued effort to measure and model emissions from wild and prescribed fires will improve our understanding of the biomass burning impact on the local-global environment.
Author: Flora Kathleen Su
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 66
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Book Description
Over the past century, global wildfire activity has intensified due to increasing mean temperatures. However, emissions inventories used for modeling the impact of fires on air quality and climate exhibit several discrepancies in emissions estimates, largely due to the different types of satellite products used for identifying fires and measuring burned area, as well as differences in emission factors describing the vegetative fuels burned. Using the GEOS-Chem v1 1-01 chemical transport model, we studied how differences in emissions estimates between two commonly-used global biomass burning inventories, the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED4) and the Fire INventory from NCAR (FINNy 1), affects modeled concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NO), black carbon (BC) aerosol, and organic carbon (OC) aerosol. We find that biomass burning emissions significantly impacted concentrations of CO, BC, and OC over the U.S., and that the estimated seasonal impact of fires differed between the FINN and GFED inventories. Simulations using FINN predict higher fire emissions and consequently, a greater impact on springtime concentrations of CO (~10% higher than GFED), BC (~20% higher), and OC (-30% higher). GFED, on the other hand, attributes a greater contribution of fires to summertime emissions, with 60 to 90% of yearly fire emissions occurring during the summer months versus 35 to 70% as estimated by FINN. During years with intensive summer wildfires, simulations using GFED exhibited a higher contribution of fires from the Western U.S. and the Canadian Northwest Territories to total CO (30%), BC (50%), and OC (70%) concentrations across the Northern U.S. Simulations using FINN, which estimated higher emissions during the fall/winter, showed a much smaller contribution of summer fires to concentrations in the Northern U.S. (25% CO, 25% BC, 50% OC), but a higher contribution during the fall and winter (20% CO, 15 to 25% BC, 40 to 50% OC. This analysis thus shows that the choice of biomass burning emissions inventory can have a significant impact on the modeled impact of fires on atmospheric composition - FINN estimates a larger impact from smoldering fires, whereas GFED estimates a greater contribution from flaming combustion.
Author: Krishna Prasad Vadrevu
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 042966835X
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 660
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Book Description
The increasing intensity and frequency of natural disasters all around the world has caused severe socioeconomic impacts, especially in South and Southeast Asia. This region is particularly susceptible to vegetation fires, leading to biomass burning pollution with impacts on other countries through trans-boundary air pollution. Despite the growing body of information on biomass pollutants worldwide, only a modest amount of data from these regions are available. With fires and biomass burning identified as a vital issue in South/Southeast Asia, this two-volume set was created to meet community research and application needs. To better serve the atmospheric, environmental, and remote sensing communities, and to address air quality, climate, and the human health impacts of greenhouse gases and aerosols from biomass burning, this set brings together the collective achievements of experts in these regions and the state-of-the-art technologies and spatial analyses to model and monitor biomass burning events and their impacts. This first volume covers various topics on fire, biomass burning, mapping and monitoring while the second volume highlights the impact of biomass burning on the biosphere and reflects extensive research by interdisciplinary teams of experts. This set will serve as a valuable resource for remote sensing scientist, geographers, ecologists, atmospheric scientists, environmental scientists, and all who wish to advance their knowledge on fires, biomass burning, and biomass burning pollution in South/Southeast Asia Specific Features: Unique in its discussion of the sources and the causes of biomass burning and atmospheric research in South and Southeast Asia. Explains how remote sensing and geospatial technologies help the mapping and monitoring of biomass burning events and their impacts. Focuses on large spatial scales integrating top-down and bottom-up methodologies. Addresses the pressing issues of environmental pollution that are rampant in South and Southeast Asia. Includes contributions from global experts currently working on biomass burning projects in the US, Japan, South/Southeast Asia, and Europe.
