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Author: Terence C Cheng
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9240086331
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 84
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Book Description
As global populations age, governments around the world are investigating how to fund long-term care (LTC) in an equitable and sustainable manner. The research reported here has three objectives: (i) to identify and classify middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs) that have established LTC for older populations; (ii) to describe the financing features and undertake a detailed assessment of the public LTC programmes in these countries; and (iii) to identify and discuss the benefits, disadvantages and challenges of the different public LTC financing strategies, based on the experiences of high-income countries and on observations of the reviewed countries. The public LTC financing system of 13 countries is reviewed: five HICs (Australia, Japan, the Netherlands (Kingdom of the), Singapore and Uruguay), and eight MICs (China, Costa Rica, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Serbia, South Africa and Thailand). Although information on LTC expenditure is not consistently reported or available for all countries, the 13 reviewed countries vary considerably in terms of their national income, total spending on health and public share of health care spending. This report concludes with some deliberations and lessons learned on financing options for LTC, specifically for low- and middle-income countries. Overall, the report offers valuable insights into how policy-makers can design effective and sustainable public LTC financing systems, ensuring that individuals and their families receive the necessary support and assistance to lead dignified lives as they age.
Author: Terence C Cheng
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9240086331
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 84
Get Book
Book Description
As global populations age, governments around the world are investigating how to fund long-term care (LTC) in an equitable and sustainable manner. The research reported here has three objectives: (i) to identify and classify middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs) that have established LTC for older populations; (ii) to describe the financing features and undertake a detailed assessment of the public LTC programmes in these countries; and (iii) to identify and discuss the benefits, disadvantages and challenges of the different public LTC financing strategies, based on the experiences of high-income countries and on observations of the reviewed countries. The public LTC financing system of 13 countries is reviewed: five HICs (Australia, Japan, the Netherlands (Kingdom of the), Singapore and Uruguay), and eight MICs (China, Costa Rica, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Serbia, South Africa and Thailand). Although information on LTC expenditure is not consistently reported or available for all countries, the 13 reviewed countries vary considerably in terms of their national income, total spending on health and public share of health care spending. This report concludes with some deliberations and lessons learned on financing options for LTC, specifically for low- and middle-income countries. Overall, the report offers valuable insights into how policy-makers can design effective and sustainable public LTC financing systems, ensuring that individuals and their families receive the necessary support and assistance to lead dignified lives as they age.
Author: World Health Organization
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9240090363
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 13
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Book Description
Author: World Health Organization
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9240089764
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 11
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Book Description
This brief is part of a series about financing health and social long-term care: lessons for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Countries take a universal or selective approach, or some mix of the two, in identifying the population that will be covered under LTC programmes. Decisions are based on the economic and social contexts, and LTC is designed with consideration of the existing infrastructure for delivering health and social care. Universal approaches are grounded in the principle of ensuring equal access to health and social care. Selective approaches focus on those in greatest need, primarily those who are low-income. While selective approaches are perceived to cost less, the total costs may be offset by the high cost of implementing means-testing to identify beneficiaries. The selective approach may also result in high levels of unmet needs among people who do not meet the low-income thresholds. Mixed universal and selective approaches enable universal coverage for some services or populations and means-tested eligibility for others; thus, older people may face high payments for some needed services. Many LMICs have initiated mixed approaches to LTC, using public and private resources while building the policies, systems and infrastructure for universal coverage of LTC.
Author: Miriam Hirschfeld
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9789241562492
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 482
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Book Description
About long-term care for chronically ill and disabled persons and the elderly.
Author: Rafael Rofman
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464816050
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 185
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Book Description
Latin American countries are in the midst of a demographic transition and, as a consequence, a population-aging process. Over the next few decades, the number of children will decline relative to the number of older adults. Population aging is the result of a slow but sustained reduction in mortality rates, given increases in life expectancy and fertility. These trends reflect welcome long-term improvements in welfare and in economic and social development. But this process also entails policy challenges: many public institutions—including education, health, and pension systems and labor market regulations—are designed for a different demographic context and will need to be adapted. When We’re Sixty-Four discusses public policies aimed at overcoming the two main challenges facing Latin American countries concerning the changing demographics. On one hand, older populations demand more fiscal resources for social services, such as health, long-term care, and pensions. On the other, population aging produces shifts in the proportion of the population that is working age, which may affect long-term economic growth. Aging societies risk losing dynamism, being exposed to higher dependency rates, and experiencing lower savings rates. Nonetheless, in the interim, Latin American countries have a demographic opportunity: a temporary decline in dependency rates creates a period in which the share of the working-age population, with its associated saving capacity, is at its highest levels. This constitutes a great opportunity in the short term because the higher savings may result in increases in capital endowment per worker and productivity. For that to happen, it is necessary to generate institutional, financial, and fiscal conditions that promote larger savings and investment, accelerating per capita economic growth in a sustainable way.
Author: World Health Organization
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 924009332X
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 13
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Book Description
Author: World Health Organization
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9240086498
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 10
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Book Description
This brief is part of a series about financing health and social long-term care: lessons for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The number of people aged 65 years and older will increase in LMICs, where most older people will be living by 2050. Many people in LMICs will experience the onset of age-related health problems before the age of 65 years. Long-term care (LTC) can include some acute care medical services delivered in health facilities, but it primarily refers to support provided outside of the health system by caregivers in institutions or at home to allow people to maintain their routine activities. Individuals’ unmet needs increase the demand for LTC. Without formal LTC services and systems, the costs of LTC shift to the family. Informal caregivers, primarily women, may need to reduce their working hours or leave the labour force prematurely, placing pressure on the economy and household resources. The availability of informal caregivers has declined along with decreases in fertility and family sizes, and increased opportunities for women in the formal workforce. In the absence of formal LTC services and systems, individuals seek care in the acute care medical system, which can increase health care costs while offering suboptimal care for older adults. People underestimate their need for LTC, even though many may require intensive support or institutional care that may exceed their income. Given the market failures of LTC insurance, public intervention is well-justified to meet this demand.
Author: World Health Organization
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9240094741
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 11
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Book Description
Author: Virpi Timonen
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education (UK)
ISBN: 0335235557
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 224
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Book Description
"This introductory text is a sound, basic overview. It is well structured, and easily accessible both to lay persons, who may have little knowledge or experience of social gerontology, as well as to students who may seek to explore and develop insights further, within what is a relatively recent intellectual tradition." Chrisine Atwell, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, UK “Ageing Societies: A Comparative Introduction provides a comprehensive introduction to the field of ageing, highlighting the inter-connections between health, economic and social aspects of ageing. Virpi Timonen’s book is written in a lively and accessible style and will be particularly valuable for undergraduates and students on professional courses. “ Sara Arber, University of Surrey, UK "Timonen does an excellent job of explaining both very basic concepts and complex aspects, thus making this book accessible to a broad range of readers. There are only very few exceptions where this is neglected. Overall, therefore, this is a very balanced approach to an important and vast subject area that manages to balance a social critique that calls us to address and adapt ageing socially, politically and economically, with an optimistic view of the achievements and opportunities that these developments bring with them." VANESSA BECKUniversity of Leicester "It is very refreshing to read a book which achieves the delicate balance between celebrating age and ageing without losing the message that there are distinct biological, psychological and social challenges for older people in all societies ... The volume is well written in a jargon-free, lively and accessible style, and any necessary acronyms and technical vocabulary are fully explained to the reader ...I have no doubt that the book will be of interest to both undergraduate and postgraduate students in fields such as gerontology, social policy, social work, sociology, nursing, as well as professionals and practitioners who work with older people. Timonen provides a clear, well-organised, wide-ranging and comprehensible introduction to the complex and highly topical subject of ageing and its global and social diversity." KATE DAVIDSONCentre for Research on Ageing and Gender,University of Surrey, Guildford, UK What is ageing? Why is ageing important and how can we understand it better? How does policy and practice in relation to ageing populations differ across the globe? This book aims to convince readers that ageing is not boring, threatening or depressing, but that it has enormous relevance for the young and the old alike. Virpi Timonen provides an engaging introduction to the central social, economic and political aspects and impacts of ageing and makes the case for the importance of analysing ageing from a number of different perspectives. Using comparative international data, the author provides a detailed description of the process of population ageing, including increasing longevity, changes in fertility and variations in the health status of older populations. In addition, the book sets out the social context and background of ageing, discussing related and relevant developments, such as: Changes in family structures Patterns of household formation Women’s labour market participation Income and work in older age Health and social care of older people Attitudes towards older people The book highlights the nature of ageing as an individual and societal experience. The author succeeds in arguing that whilst ageing is becoming an increasingly widespread and global experience, age-related policies, practices and consequently the actual lived experience of ageing differ greatly between countries and regions of the world. Ageing Societies is of interest and use to both undergraduate and postgraduate students in fields such as gerontology, social policy, social work, sociology, nursing, as well as professionals and practitioners in the eldercare sectors and general readers from a wide variety of backgrounds who wish to gain an understanding of the complex and highly topical subject of ageing.
Author: Colombo Francesca
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264097759
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 328
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Book Description
This book examines the challenges countries are facing with regard to providing and paying for long-term care.
