Properties of Sulfonated Polysulfone Ionomers PDF Download
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Author: Michael A. Drzewinski
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ionomers
Languages : en
Pages : 252
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Book Description
Author: Michael A. Drzewinski
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ionomers
Languages : en
Pages : 252
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Book Description
Author: Michel Pineri
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400938292
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 579
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Book Description
Ionomers, that is polymers containing a low concentration of charged units along the chain, have been the subject of increasing interest during the past twenty years. The presence of ionic groups in the poly mer changes some of its properties dramatically. Increases in the modu lus and the viscosity of several orders of magnitude have been observed, and changes in the glass transition of hundreds of degrees are possible. In addition, diffusion coefficients can be modified drastically. These changes are due primarily to the presence of reversible ionic cross links in these materials. Because of the low dielectric constant of most organic polymers, the ions or ionic dipoles tend to aggregate ; this aggregation process, however, is limited, because the ionic groups are covalently bonded to the organic chain. Host of the fundamental research done on these materials has been devoted to a determination of the extent of association, the structure of the aggregates, the limi ting factors, and the correlations between molecular and supermolecular structure and the resul ting properties.
Author: Chen Wang (Chemical engineer)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ionomers
Languages : en
Pages : 191
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Book Description
The limitations of conventional perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) based membrane materials have provoked the search for alternative materials which can function as the electrolyte in PEM fuel cells operated at higher temperatures (> 100 °C) and without humidification. A novel class of sulfonated poly(phenylene) sulfone (sPSO2) ionomers have shown much higher proton conductivity than typical PFSA membranes at elevated temperatures. In this dissertation, both computational and experimental methods were used to investigate proton transfer, morphological and structural properties of sPSO2 and PFSA ionomers. We have undertaken ab initio electronic structure calculations to understand the primary hydration and the transfer of protons in oligomeric fragments of sPSO2 ionomers. The effects of equivalent weight, molecular weight and water content on swelling properties of hydrated sPSO2 ionomers were investigated by dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations. The micro-phase separation in hydrated PFSA ionomers was studied by using BF and HAADF imaging in a TEM/STEM. The microstructural evolution as a function of water content is observed and in a good agreement with the results from previous DPD simulations. To understand local chemistry and molecular structures of ionomers, quantitative analyses were conducted based on the results from EELS in the low loss and core loss regions. Finally, the influence of phase transitions and polarization in PTFE chains was determined by comparing experimental and simulated EELS.
Author: M.R. Tant
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 940091461X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 524
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Book Description
Polymers have achieved an enviable position as the class of materials having the highest volume of production, exceeding that of both metals and ceramics. The meteoric rise in the production and utilization of polymers has been due to advances in polymer synthesis which allow the creation of specific and well-defined molecular structures, to new knowledge concerning the relationships between polymer structure and properties, and to an improved understanding of how processing can be used as a tool to develop morphological features which result in desired properties. Polymers have truly become 'engineered materials' in every sense of the term. Polymer scientists and engineers are forever seeking to modify and improve the properties of synthetic polymeric systems for use in specific applications. Towards this end they have often looked to nature for advice on how to design molecules for specific needs. An excellent illustration of this is the use of noncovalent bonding (ionic, hydrogen, and van der Waals) in lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, where these noncovalent bonds, acting both intra and intermolecularly, precisely control the structure and thus the function of the entire system. The utilization of ionic bonding, in particular in man-made polymers has attracted widespread interest in recent years, since ionic interactions exert a similar strong influence on the structure and properties of these synthetic systems.
Author: Antonio Salvatore Aricò
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781608768653
Category : Direct energy conversion
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This book deals with an analysis of materials issues, status of technologies and potential applications of direct methanol fuel cells. The principle of operation of direct methanol fuel cells and the status of knowledge in the basic research areas are presented. The technology of direct methanol fuel cells is discussed in this book with particular regard to fabrication methodologies for the manufacturing of catalysts, electrolytes membrane-electrode assemblies, stack hardware and system design.
Author: H Strathmann
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080509401
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 361
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Book Description
Today, membranes and membrane processes are used as efficient tools for the separation of liquid mixtures or gases in the chemical and biomedical industry, in water desalination and wastewater purification. Despite the fact that various membrane processes, like reverse osmosis, are described in great detail in a number of books, processes involving ion-exchange membranes are only described in a fragmented way in scientific journals and patents; even though large industrial applications, like electrodialysis, have been around for over half a century. Therefore, this book is emphasizing on the most relevant aspects of ion-exchange membranes. This book provides a comprehensive overview of ion-exchange membrane separation processes covering the fundamentals as well as recent developments of the different products and processes and their applications. The audience for this book is heterogeneous, as it includes plant managers and process engineers as well as research scientists and graduate students. The separate chapters are based on different topics. The first chapter describes the relevant Electromembrane processes in a general overview. The second chapter explains thermodynamic and physicochemical fundamentals. The third chapter gives information about ion-exchange membrane preparation techniques, while the fourth and fifth chapter discusses the processes as unit operations giving examples for the design of specific plants. - First work on the principles and applications of electrodialysis and related separation processes - Presently no other comprehensive work that can serve as both reference work and text book is available - Book is suited for teaching students and as source for detailed information
Author: Karl Kordesch
Publisher: Wiley-VCH
ISBN: 9783527285792
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 375
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Book Description
This unique book concerning fuel cells and their applications fills the gap which currently exists between the theoretical aspects and the detailed practical data available. It describes a technology that dates from the early classical discoveries of the 1850s which predicted that direct energy conversion of chemical energy into electricity with fuel cells would be far more efficient at lower temperatures than with combustion processes. The importance of fuel cells for energy saving purposes is emphasised. Their applications are wide-ranging with use found in local stations and power plants, in industry for the highly efficient conversion of waste and biomass materials and in carbon dioxide reduction in all fossil-fuel-burning processes. Unique features highlighted include their importance in spacecrafts and their development for affordable implementation in electric cars. The most recent scientific publications and manufacturer's brochures have been screened in order to bring together the state- of-the-art technology of fuel cells. Readers at all levels including chemists, physicists, chemical engineers ry technologists and students will appreciate this comprehensive overvie ind the clarity of numerous graphs and tables highly valuable.
Author: Javaid Zaidi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387735321
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 439
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Book Description
From the late-1960’s, perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSAs) ionomers have dominated the PEM fuel cell industry as the membrane material of choice. The “gold standard’ amongst the many variations that exist today has been, and to a great extent still is, DuPont’s Nafion® family of materials. However, there is significant concern in the industry that these materials will not meet the cost, performance, and durability requirementsnecessary to drive commercialization in key market segments – es- cially automotive. Indeed, Honda has already put fuel cell vehicles in the hands of real end users that have home-grown fuel cell stack technology incorporating hydrocarbon-based ionomers. “Polymer Membranes in Fuel Cells” takes an in-depth look at the new chem- tries and membrane technologies that have been developed over the years to address the concerns associated with the materials currently in use. Unlike the PFSAs, which were originally developed for the chlor-alkali industry, the more recent hydrocarbon and composite materials have been developed to meet the specific requirements of PEM Fuel Cells. Having said this, most of the work has been based on derivatives of known polymers, such as poly(ether-ether ketones), to ensure that the critical requirement of low cost is met. More aggressive operational requi- ments have also spurred the development on new materials; for example, the need for operation at higher temperature under low relative humidity has spawned the creation of a plethora of new polymers with potential application in PEM Fuel Cells.
Author: Michel Pineri
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9789027724588
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 608
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Book Description
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Villard de Lans, France, June 15-21, 1986
Author: AllanF.M. Barton
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351442090
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 772
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Book Description
Now available for the first time, this valuable reference presents polymer solubility parameters and various polymer-liquid interaction parameters in an easy-to-use form. It critically evaluates and comprehensively compiles data from original sources. It presents these quantities polymer-by-polymer, alphabetically by polymer common chemical name, fully cross-referenced by systematic chemical names, alternative names and trade names. This one-of-a-kind handbook summarizes the relationship between the various quantities and their methods of determination. This resource is an absolute must for all who are interested in the chemical industry, specifically polymer chemistry, chemical engineering, applied chemistry, and physical chemistry.
