Processing, Mechanical Properties, and Ballistic Impact Effects of Austempered Ductile Iron PDF Download
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Author: John Chinella
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 58
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Book Description
This study describes the resistance to penetration and the damage to austempered ductile iron (ADI) from ballistic impacL The resistance to penetration is determined with an average velocity with a 50% probability for complete penetration, the V-50 ballistic limit. The responses of the ADI material to impact are shown by observations of penetration modes, microstructural changes, and fracture topographies. Mechanical properties and ballistic limits are shown for two variations of the austemper process. ADI targets reveal a capability for multiple impacts without structural failures. Penetration modes include ductile hole growth, radial fracture, petaling, and scabbing. V-50 velocities of ADI with lower values of hardness and strength are equal or greater than the V-50 velocities of ADI with higher values of hardness and strength. Graphite spheroids of this ductile cast iron appear to affect plastic deformation and penetration modes by localizing stresses, microstructural changes, and fracture.
Author: John Chinella
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 58
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Book Description
This study describes the resistance to penetration and the damage to austempered ductile iron (ADI) from ballistic impacL The resistance to penetration is determined with an average velocity with a 50% probability for complete penetration, the V-50 ballistic limit. The responses of the ADI material to impact are shown by observations of penetration modes, microstructural changes, and fracture topographies. Mechanical properties and ballistic limits are shown for two variations of the austemper process. ADI targets reveal a capability for multiple impacts without structural failures. Penetration modes include ductile hole growth, radial fracture, petaling, and scabbing. V-50 velocities of ADI with lower values of hardness and strength are equal or greater than the V-50 velocities of ADI with higher values of hardness and strength. Graphite spheroids of this ductile cast iron appear to affect plastic deformation and penetration modes by localizing stresses, microstructural changes, and fracture.
Author: Ranjit Kumar Panda
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659697043
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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Book Description
Even since its discovery in 1948, the use of ductile iron is increasing continuously, this is due to the combination of its various excellent mechanical properties. Excessive amount of research is being carried out to develop even better properties. Austempererd ductile iron is the most recent development in the area of ductile iron or S.G. iron. This is formed by an isothermal heat treatment of the ductile iron. The newly developed austempered ductile iron is now replacing steel in many fields so it has becoming very important to various aspects of this material. In the present work the effect of copper along with the process variables (austempering temperature and austempering time) on the properties (Hardness, Tensile strength and Elongation) and microstructure of ductile iron is studied. With increasing austempering time hardness, tensile strength and elongation are increasing but with increasing austempering temperature hardness and tensile strength are decreasing and elongation increasing. Austempered ductile iron with copper is showing some higher strength, hardness and lower elongation than the austempered ductile iron without copper. In microstructure ferrite is increasing
Author: P. Atanda
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ductile iron
Languages : en
Pages : 11
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Book Description
The effect of process parameters on the mechanical properties of iso-thermally treated ductile irons was investigated in this study. Sets of ductile irons produced by sandwich method from a rotary furnace melt were given iso-thermal austempering treatments using commercial neutral salt baths. The samples were preheated at 350°C and held for 1 h in a muffle furnace, followed by ausenitizing in an ausenitizing salt bath furnace containing a mixture of BaCl2 and NaCI, (in the ratio 3:2) at 900°C and soaking at that temperature for 1 h. The samples were immediately transferred to the austempering salt bath furnace containing a mixture of NaNO3 and KNO2 in the ratio 1:1. Sets of the samples were soaked at 300°C for between 5 to 240 min and were all later cooled in air. The austempering procedure was repeated at 350 and 400°C for a second and third groups of samples, respectively. The results showed that austempering at lower temperature (300°C) produced a relatively high tensile strength of 1400 MPa, after 150 min holding compared with austempering at the higher temperature (400°C) which produced a relatively lower strength of 1200 MPa at the same holding time. However, the optimal processing window for the austempering was established to be the intermediate temperature of 350°C after a holding time of 150 min. At this processing window, austempering yielded the optimum combination of mechanical properties of 1502 MPa UTS, 7.5 % elongation, and impact energy of 108 J. These properties correspond to a microstructure consisting of a plate-like morphology of ausferrite and retained austenite.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fracture mechanics
Languages : en
Pages : 348
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Book Description
Author: Dody Prayitno
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Iron, Nodular
Languages : en
Pages : 280
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Book Description
Project describes experiments done to study the effects of some variants in the austempering process on mechanical properties, especially fatigue of ADI. The calculation of the stress intensity factor is also looked into.
Author: D.O. Northwood
Publisher: WIT Press
ISBN: 1784663077
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 179
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Book Description
Containing selected papers on Materials Characterisation this volume presents the latest research in the field. Material and contact characterisation is a rapidly advancing field that requires the application of a combination of numerical and experimental methods. Contributions come from both industry and research communities using computational methods and performing experiments. Demand for high quality production from both industry and consumers has led to rapid developments in materials science and engineering. Current research is focussed on modification technologies that can increase the surface durability of materials. The characteristics of the system reveal which surface engineering methods should be chosen and as a consequence it is essential to study the combination of surface treatment and contact mechanics. The accurate characterisation of the physical and chemical properties of materials requires the application of both experimental techniques and computer simulation methods in order to gain a correct analysis. A very wide range of materials, starting with metals through polymers and semiconductors to composites, necessitates a whole spectrum of characteristic experimental techniques and research methods. The papers in this book examine various combinations of techniques across various topics.
Author: Deepak Joshi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Materials science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
A novel, Two-Step Austenitizing heat treatment process for creation of Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) with an optimum combination of strength, ductility and fracture toughness was conceived in this investigation. This novel heat treatment process involves heating the ductile iron in the lower intercritical temperature range and then raising the temperature to the fully austenitic temperature range followed by austempering in the bainitic temperature range. This heat treatment was expected to result in a microstructure consisting of proeutectoid ferrite, very fine scale bainitic ferrite, and high-carbon austenite. Tensile and CT test specimens were created and tested to evaluate the effects of several Two-Step Austenitizing heat treatment processes. The effect of the heat treatment parameters on the dislocation density of ADI was also studied. A simple, first-principles approach was taken to model the phase transformation kinetics associated with the phase transformations in the ADI alloy. The mechanical properties of a multiphase crystalline material such as ADI are hypothesized to be dictated by complex and interrelated effects involving microstructural features (such as the ferrite lathe size, retained austenite volume fraction, and carbon content of retained austenite) that are, in turn, strongly influenced by austenitization and austempering times and temperatures. This research study determined that, compared to conventionally processed ADI., one variant of the Two-Step Austenitizing heat treatment process yielded an ADI alloy with superior fracture toughness without significantly compromising the strength and ductility. It was concluded that prior nucleated proeutectoid ferrite was an important factor in this improvement. An analytical model based upon the nucleation of proeutectoid ferrite and graphite nodules during intercritical austenitization was created to explain this physical outcome.
Author: Y. Iio
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 18
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Author: Ann Zammit
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Technology
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Austempered ductile iron (ADI) is a type of heat-treated cast iron, which offers numerous positive advantages including: good combination of mechanical properties and damping characteristics, lower density than steel and the possibility of casting components into near-net shape. However, surface engineering techniques are necessary to extend the use and prolong the lifetime of ADI engineering components. One such treatment for improving the bending fatigue strength of ADI is shot peening. This treatment creates compressive residual stresses and high dislocation densities at the surface of the treated components. However, the shot peening process is not always beneficial in improving the tribological characteristics of ADI. Its behaviour depends on the type of wear mechanism, applied loads, lubrication, heat treatment process parameters and the resulting surface finish of the components. This chapter will look into the effect of shot peening on ADI in more detail and will delve into a case study, which was carried out to analyse the bending fatigue resistance and tribological characteristics of Cu-Ni-alloyed ADI.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 694
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