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Author: Charles D. Mark
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 390
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Author: Charles D. Mark
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 390
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Book Description
Author: Soroush Salek Moghaddam
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
As urban centers become larger and more densely developed, their roadway networks tend to experience more severe congestion for longer periods of the day and increasingly unreliable travel times. Proactive traffic management (PTM) strategies such as proactive traffic signal control systems and advanced traveler information systems provide the potential to cost effectively improve road network operations. However, these proactive management strategies require an ability to accurately predict near-future traffic conditions. Traffic conditions can be described using a variety of measures of performance and travel time is one of the most valued by both travelers and transportation system managers. Consequently, there exists a large body of literature dedicated to methods for performing travel time prediction. The majority of the existing body of research on travel time prediction has focused on freeway travel time prediction using fixed point sensor data. Predicting travel times on signalized arterials is more challenging than on freeways mainly as a result of the higher variation of travel times in these environments. For both freeways and arterial environments, making predictions in real-time is more challenging than performing off-line predictions, mainly because of data availability issues that arise for real-time applications. Recently, Bluetooth detectors have been utilized for collecting both spatial (i.e. travel time) and fixed point (e.g. number of detections) data. Bluetooth detectors have surpassed most of the conventional travel time measuring techniques in three main capacities: (i) direct measurement of travel time, (ii) continuous collection of travel times provides large samples, and (iii) anonymous detection. Beside these advantages, there are also caveats when using these detectors: (i) the Bluetooth obtained data include different sources of outliers and measurement errors that should be filtered out before the data are used in any travel time analysis and (ii) there is an inherent time lag in acquiring Bluetooth travel times (due to the matching of the detections at the upstream and downstream sensors) that should be carefully handled in real-time applications. In this thesis, (1) the magnitude of Bluetooth travel time measurement error has been examined through a simulation framework; (2) a real-time proactive outlier detection algorithm, which is suitable for filtering out data anomalies in Bluetooth obtained travel times, has been proposed; (3) the performance of the existing real-time outlier detection algorithms has been evaluated using both field data and simulation data; and (4) two different data-driven methodologies, that are appropriate for real-time applications, have been developed to predict near future travel times on arterials using data obtained from Bluetooth detectors. The results of this research demonstrate that (1) although the mean Bluetooth travel time measurement error is sufficiently close to zero across all the examined traffic conditions, for some situations the 95% confidence interval of the mentioned error approaches 35% of the true mean travel time; (2) the proposed proactive filtering algorithm appropriately detects the Bluetooth travel time outliers in real time and outperforms the existing data-driven filtering techniques; (3) the performance of different outlier detection algorithms can be objectively quantified under different conditions using the developed simulation framework; (4) the proposed prediction approaches significantly improved the accuracy of travel time predictions for 5-minutre prediction horizon. The daily mean absolute relative errors are improved by 18% to 24% for the proposed k-NN model and 8% to 14% for the proposed Markov model; (5) prevailing arterial traffic state and its transition through the course of the day can be adequately modeled using data obtained from Bluetooth technology.
Author: Margarita Martínez-Díaz
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030896722
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 299
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Book Description
This book deals with the estimation of travel time in a very comprehensive and exhaustive way. Travel time information is and will continue to be one key indicator of the quality of service of a road network and a highly valued knowledge for drivers. Moreover, travel times are key inputs for comprehensive traffic management systems. All the above-mentioned aspects are covered in this book. The first chapters expound on the different types of travel time information that traffic management centers work with, their estimation, their utility and their dissemination. They also remark those aspects in which this information should be improved, especially considering future cooperative driving environments.Next, the book introduces and validates two new methodologies designed to improve current travel time information systems, which additionally have a high degree of applicability: since they use data from widely disseminated sources, they could be immediately implemented by many administrations without the need for large investments. Finally, travel times are addressed in the context of dynamic traffic management systems. The evolution of these systems in parallel with technological and communication advancements is thoroughly discussed. Special attention is paid to data analytics and models, including data-driven approaches, aimed at understanding and predicting travel patterns in urban scenarios. Additionally, the role of dynamic origin-to-destination matrices in these schemes is analyzed in detail.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automatic control
Languages : en
Pages : 936
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 46
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Author: Jiann-Shiou Yang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : ARIMA (Computer file)
Languages : en
Pages : 62
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Book Description
The study uses time series and the Kalman prediction techniques along with modern technology such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) for accurate data collection and analysis. A greater understanding of travel time will help facilitate traffic system performance monitoring, control, planning, and informed route decisions for motorists accessing information from changeable message sings (CMS). The models used for estimations include the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and the autoregressive moving average (ARMA). The study collects travel data for the peak hours of travel (3:30-5:00 p.m.) over an eight-month period on the busiest section of Highway 194 in Duluth, Minnesota. The predictions were conducted over two weeks during the summer of 2005. Observed and predicted travel times are charted carefully and report evaluations determine the success of the study.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Traffic monitoring
Languages : en
Pages : 144
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Author: Prahlad D. Pant
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic traffic controls
Languages : en
Pages : 64
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Book Description
A freeway construction work zone creates conflicts between vehicular traffic and work activity. The closure of one or more lanes of a freeway section causes a bottleneck on the freeway and reduces the capacity in the work zone, which can lead to conditions that violate the expectations of the motorists. Such a work zone situation is a challenge to one of the main objectives of a traffic management system, that is, to maintain "the safe and efficient movement of traffic." The advance warning area of a traffic control zone represents the area in which the motorists are informed as to what they can expect ahead. The information which is normally provided to the motorists include the type of construction activity, type of lane closure, extent of the work zone, and whether there are available alternate routes to avoid the construction all together. This information is given on static signs, or electronic portable changeable message signs (CMS) by way of static preprogrammed messages.
Author: National Cooperative Highway Research Program
Publisher: Transportation Research Board
ISBN: 0309117410
Category : Traffic congestion
Languages : en
Pages : 79
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Book Description
TRB¿s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 618: Cost-Effective Performance Measures for Travel Time Delay, Variation, and Reliability explores a framework and methods to predict, measure, and report travel time, delay, and reliability from a customer-oriented perspective.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Travel Time Prediction System
Languages : en
Pages : 1
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Book Description
A real-time travel time prediction system (TIPS) was evaluated in a construction work zone. TIPS includes changeable message signs (CMSs) displaying the travel time and distance to the end of the work zone to motorists. The travel times displayed by these CMSs are computed by an intelligent traffic algorithm and travel-time estimation model of the TIPS software, which takes input from microwave radar sensors that detect the vehicle traffic on each lane of the freeway. Besides the CMSs and the radar sensors, the TIPS system includes the computer and microcontroller computing the travel times, 220 MHz radios for transmitting data from the sensors to the computer and from the computer to the CMSs, and trailers with solar panels and batteries to power the radar sensors, CMSs, and radios. The evaluation included an accuracy analysis between the predicted and actual recorded travel times and a survey of the motoring public. Three crews driving independently of each other in the traffic stream recorded predicted and actual travel times at three CMSs to the end of the work zone for 12 hours each day for three consecutive days, resulting in 119 trial runs. The data recorder in each crew also recorded the license plate numbers of private non-commercial vehicles with Ohio license plates. A total of 3177 different license plate numbers were recorded and a questionnaire was sent to each one. A total of 660 completed surveys were returned and analyzed. Based on the regression analysis of actual times vs. predicted times, the system does on the average a reasonable job in predicting the travel times to the end of the work zone. About 88% of the actual times recorded for each sign, and for all the signs combined, were within a range of "4 minutes of the predicted time. However, a few differences (actual-predicted) as great as 18 minutes were observed. Survey responses indicated that the motoring public does perceive a certain inaccuracy in the travel times. However almost 97% of surveyed motorists felt that a system to provide real-time travel time information in advance of work zones is either outright helpful or maybe helpful. In summary we may conclude that the real-time TIPS system represents a definite improvement over any static non-real-time display system. It provides in general and most of the time useful and relatively accurate travel time predictions to the motoring public and appears to be perceived by the motoring public as a helpful addition to a freeway construction zone.
