Getting the Most Out of Free Trade Agreements in Central America PDF Download
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Author: J. Humberto Lopez
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 082138712X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 461
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Book Description
The main message of the study is that Central America's ability to exploit the opportunities created by ongoing trade liberalization will depend on the ability of the region to implement a complementary policy agenda that creates an enabling policy and institutional environment.
Author: J. Humberto Lopez
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 082138712X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 461
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Book Description
The main message of the study is that Central America's ability to exploit the opportunities created by ongoing trade liberalization will depend on the ability of the region to implement a complementary policy agenda that creates an enabling policy and institutional environment.
Author: Rafael A. Sánchez Sánchez
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135843457
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
This book charts the key stages of Central American integration and demonstrates the advances and limitations of governments cooperating at a level of integration that goes beyond the confines of the nation-state.
Author: Sharlissa Moore
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 042901905X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 235
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Book Description
This book analyses energy transitions and the opportunities and challenges for building sustainable energy systems to improve human capabilities while protecting the environment. Sufficient and secure energy supply is critical to human thriving and socioeconomic development. Yet energy systems are also implicated in the most pressing socio-environmental challenges of our time - climate change, air pollution, and water and land use. This book examines what is arguably the most ambitious vision for a renewable energy based system worldwide. This vision, often called Desertec, is for a regional electricity system supplying North Africa, Europe, and the Middle East with sustainable and affordable power. The behemoth plan would entail building dozens of large-scale solar and wind power plants mostly in North Africa, interconnecting the fragmented transmission infrastructure of 38 Mediterranean countries, and linking North Africa to the European Union (EU) through undersea transmission cables. Within the Mediterranean, the book focuses on Morocco, which is one of the most advanced developing countries in renewable energy scale-up, to understand its motivations for building renewable energy and the effects on sustainable development. The book therefore takes a unique multi-scalar approach to understanding the social and political aspects of energy transitions, weaving together the views of villagers living near Morocco’s first solar energy zone with the perspectives of national decision-makers in Morocco with the views of European policymakers and major transnational energy companies in the Mediterranean region. This book will be of great interest to students, scholars and policymakers interested in energy transitions, sustainable and renewable energy, Mediterranean politics, sustainable development and environment and sustainability more generally.
Author: Mónica Toussaint
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1000848280
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 155
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Book Description
This book is a collective work published as part of a larger project titled "Mexico-Guatemala cross-border region; regional dimensions and bases for integrated development," the purpose of which is to introduce a series of issues relative to the geopolitical dimension of Mexico’s actions in Central America and its stance on conflicts in the region between 1959 and 2019. The most widely published texts up until now have been written by Mexican authors, and we have less insight into how these processes have been viewed from Central America. With that in mind, we brought together a group of specialists, each highly renowned in their own country, some of them academics and others whose accounts are worth hearing because of their participation in social and political movements that are closely bound up in this issue. The following questions guided the drafting of this book: How have Central Americans viewed Mexican policies toward their countries? What do they think of Mexico’s influence in various spheres of life in the region? Has Central America’s past view of Mexico as their Latin American "big brother" changed? What do they consider to be the most salient issues in relations between our countries? What were the strategic interests of Cuba and the United States in the region? How did these processes develop during the Cold War, and what elements began to change in the 1990s? The purpose of the chapters in this book is to answer these questions and to bring together and share knowledge and perspectives. This book will appeal to students and researchers alike interested in the politics and history of 20th-century Mexico and Central America, as well as the involvement of such states during the Cold War and thereafter.
Author: Congressional Research Service
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781548408879
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 38
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Book Description
Central America has received renewed attention from U.S. policymakers over the past few years as the region has become a major transit corridor for illicit drugs and a significant source of irregular migration to the United States. These narcotics and migrant flows are the latest symptoms of deep-rooted challenges in several countries in the region, including widespread insecurity, fragile political and judicial systems, and high levels of poverty and unemployment. Although the Obama Administration and governments in the region launched new initiatives designed to improve conditions in Central America, the future of those efforts will depend on the decisions of the Trump Administration and the 115th Congress. U.S. Strategy for Engagement in Central America The Obama Administration determined it was in the national security interests of the United States to work with Central American governments to address conditions in the region. Accordingly, the Obama Administration launched a new, whole-of-government U.S. Strategy for Engagement in Central America. The new strategy takes a broader and more comprehensive approach than previous U.S. initiatives in the region and is based on the premise that efforts to promote prosperity, improve security, and strengthen governance are mutually reinforcing and of equal importance. The new strategy focuses primarily on the "northern triangle" countries of Central America-El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras-which face the greatest challenges. Nevertheless, it also provides an overarching framework for U.S. engagement with the other countries in the region: Belize, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama. The new U.S. strategy and the northern triangle governments' Alliance for Prosperity initiative have similar objectives and fund complementary efforts; however, they have prioritized different activities. Initial Funding and Conditions Congress has appropriated $1.4 billion to begin implementing the new Central America strategy, dividing the funds relatively equally among efforts to promote prosperity, strengthen governance, and improve security. This figure includes $750 million appropriated in FY2016 and $655 million appropriated in FY2017 (through P.L. 114-113 and P.L. 115-31, respectively). Congress placed strict conditions on the aid, requiring the northern triangle governments to address a range of concerns, including border security, corruption, and human rights, to receive assistance. As a result of those legislative requirements, delays in the budget process, and congressional holds, most of the FY2016 funding did not begin to be delivered to Central America until early 2017. The State Department has yet to certify that any of the northern triangle countries have met the legislative requirements for FY2017. Future Appropriations and Other Policy Issues Congress is now considering President Trump's FY2018 budget request, which would cut funding for the Central America strategy by $195 million, or 30%, compared to the FY2017 estimate. As Congress deliberates on the future of the Central America strategy, it may examine a number of policy issues. These issues include the funding levels and strategy necessary to meet U.S. objectives; the extent to which Central American governments are demonstrating the political will to undertake domestic reforms; the utility of the conditions placed on assistance to Central America; and the potential implications of changes to U.S. immigration, trade, and drug control policies for U.S. objectives in the region.
Author: PeterJ. Meyer
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781437979633
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 39
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Book Description
Central America faces significant security challenges. Criminal threats, fragile political and judicial systems, and social hardships such as poverty and unemployment contribute to widespread insecurity in the region. Consequently, improving security conditions in these countries is a difficult, multifaceted endeavor. Because U.S. drug demand contributes to regional security challenges and the consequences of citizen insecurity in Central America are potentially far-reaching, the U.S. is collaborating with countries in the region to implement and refine security efforts. Contents of this report: (1) Introduction; (2) Background: Scope of the Problem: Underlying Societal Conditions; Structural Weaknesses in Governance; Criminal Threats; (3) Efforts within Central America; (4) U.S. Policy: Background on Assistance to Central America; Central America Regional Security Initiative; (5) Additional Issues for Congressional Consideration: Funding Issues; Human Rights Concerns; Relation to Other U.S. Government Policies; (6) Outlook. Figures and tables. This is a print on demand report.
Author: Martha M. Roggenkamp
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 9780199645039
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 474
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Book Description
Energy supply depends on the means of transport to the consumer. Cables and pipelines are necessary to transport oil, gas, and electricity. Their construction and use depend on developments in technology, policies, and laws. This book analyzes the challenges confronting governments, regulators, and network operators in managing energy networks.
Author: Margarita Fajardo
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 0674270029
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 297
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Book Description
How a group of intellectuals and policymakers transformed development economics and gave Latin America a new position in the world. After the Second World War demolished the old order, a group of economists and policymakers from across Latin America imagined a new global economy and launched an intellectual movement that would eventually capture the world. They charged that the systems of trade and finance that bound the world’s nations together were frustrating the economic prospects of Latin America and other regions of the world. Through the UN Economic Commission for Latin America, or CEPAL, the Spanish and Portuguese acronym, cepalinos challenged the orthodoxies of development theory and policy. Simultaneously, they demanded more not less trade, more not less aid, and offered a development agenda to transform both the developed and the developing world. Eventually, cepalinos established their own form of hegemony, outpacing the United States and the International Monetary Fund as the agenda setters for a region traditionally held under the orbit of Washington and its institutions. By doing so, cepalinos reshaped both regional and international governance and set an intellectual agenda that still resonates today. Drawing on unexplored sources from the Americas and Europe, Margarita Fajardo retells the history of dependency theory, revealing the diversity of an often-oversimplified movement and the fraught relationship between cepalinos, their dependentista critics, and the regional and global Left. By examining the political ventures of dependentistas and cepalinos, The World That Latin America Created is a story of ideas that brought about real change.
Author: International Renewable Energy Agency IRENA
Publisher: International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)
ISBN: 9292602101
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 344
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Book Description
The report offers a comprehensive review of the status and trends in the region’s renewable energy development. It highlights Latin America’s wealth of knowledge, draws key lessons, and outlines findings to support the continued expansion of renewables for power generation, transport and other end-uses.
Author: Andrés Rivarola Puntigliano
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1137328371
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 359
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Book Description
As regionalisation becomes an increasingly hot topic, the authors explain why regionalism has been most successful in Latin America and analyse current processes and opinions of possible future developments in the region, including the Caribbean, Central America, Brazil, and Mexico.
