Population and Sample Burned Area Analyses for Near Limit Flames in a Simulated Low Gravity Environment Over Thin Cellulosic Fuels PDF Download
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Author: Karin Laksmi Aditjandra
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Combustion
Languages : en
Pages : 290
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Book Description
Author: Karin Laksmi Aditjandra
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Combustion
Languages : en
Pages : 290
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Book Description
Author: Yang Long
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cellulose
Languages : en
Pages : 348
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Book Description
Author: Charles E. Baukal, Jr.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108660886
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 193
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Book Description
A Gallery of Combustion and Fire is the first book to provide a graphical perspective of the extremely visual phenomenon of combustion in full color. It is designed primarily to be used in parallel with, and supplement existing combustion textbooks that are usually in black and white, making it a challenge to visualize such a graphic phenomenon. Each image includes a description of how it was generated, which is detailed enough for the expert but simple enough for the novice. Processes range from small scale academic flames up to full scale industrial flames under a wide range of conditions such as low and normal gravity, atmospheric to high pressures, actual and simulated flames, and controlled and uncontrolled flames. Containing over 500 color images, with over 230 contributors from over 75 organizations, this volume is a valuable asset for experts and novices alike.
Author: Kurt R. Sacksteder
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Forest fires
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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Book Description
Author: Alfred Edwin Frey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Nancy A. Swanberg
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Artificial satellites in remote sensing
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biotic communities
Languages : en
Pages : 282
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Book Description
Author: R. D. Small
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 69
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Book Description
The strongly buoyant flow generated in a around a large area fire is analyzed. Jump conditions applicable at the fire periphery are used to affect model problem closure, thus permitting calculation of induced fire winds independent of a far-field analysis. Combustion processes are modeled by a volume heat addition. The induced flow is compressible, with arbitrary changes in temperature and density allowed. In one parameter limit, a closed-form solution is developed that concisely describes the basic interchanges of energy and momentum as well as the role of pressure gradients in fire-wind generation. The full analysis is applied in simulation of the hydrothermodynamics of a multiple-fuel-bed Flambeau fire. Computed results duplicate observed flow patterns. A parametric analysis explores the influence of combustion zone dimensions, heating rate, radiation, and turbulent diffusion on the solution for even larger fires. Next, hydrocode solutions are presented for fires of city size with radii of several kilometers and flame heights of 100 m. The atmospheric response as a function of time is illustrated. Vortex motions generated by the fire influence both the inflow and plume structure. A fairly persistent circulatory flow develops below the tropopause. Periodically, however, the tropopause is penetrated, and an upper level counter rotating flow develops that may contain some combustion products from the central fire region. The results suggest the formation of distinct smoke strata in the lower atmosphere, with some particulate and aerosol mass entering the stratosphere. Keywords: Nuclear weapons fires; Earth atmospheric response to fire plumes.
Author: J. H. Morehart
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Flame spread
Languages : en
Pages : 259
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Book Description
The chemical species produced in a buoyant, turbulent diffusion flame exposed initially to a supply of fresh air and extending into a reduced-oxygen environment containing products of combustion are investigated. The stably stratified, vitiated region is formed by placing a hood above a burner so that it accumulates the gases of the fire plume, while the direct injection of air into the upper portion of the hood allows conditions to be studied where the stoichiometry of the collected gases is different than that of the plume flow crossing the interface between these two regions. Measurements of the composition show that the species produced in the flame depend primarily on the stoichiometry of the gases in the vitiated region, but are independent of the fuel-air ratio of the mass transported across the interface by the plume. A weak dependence of species concentrations on the temperature of the product gas layer was observed over the range 500 to 900 K. Using a detailed chemical kinetics model, the composition of the product gases is found to be stable for the temperatures measured in the experiments, but reactions do occur at temperatures above 700 K. The effects of varying the fuel's molecular structure on the product gas composition are also considered. Experiments were conducted with natural gas, ethylene, and propylene fuels. The presence of a double bond between carbon atoms appears to assist the combustion process towards further completion. As expected, the behavior of the propylene fuel (which contains both single and double carbon-carbon bonds) fell between that of the other fuels. Additionally, the minimum oxygen concentration necessary to support a diffusion flame in a homogeneous, vitiated environment is investigated. By submerging the entire flame into the interior volume of the hood, the oxygen content of the supporting atmosphere is controlled. As conditions approach the limit of flammability, radiation from soot in the reaction zone becomes imperceptible, leaving only a weakly-luminous blue flame. Even with significant reductions in both the flame height and luminosity, these fires near the limiting conditions completely consume the fuel and generate no measurable amounts of incomplete combustion products.
