Pilot Studies on Object Motion Perception During Linear Self-Motion After Long Duration Centrifugation of Human Subjects PDF Download
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 34
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Book Description
Four experiments are reported. They were carried out with the purpose of investigating whether we could use and optimize a particular experimental paradigm to investigate the effects of long duration centrifugation of human subjects. The method involved the psychophysical measurement of visual thresholds for perceiving object motion during self-motion on a linear track sled (acquired by the TNO Institute for Perception from the European Space Agency). Since the experiments were of a preliminary nature-we cannot (yet) draw definite conclusions as to their theoretical interpretation. Nevertheless it can be concluded that we have indeed developed an optimal method. In addition, we have arrived at two hypotheses, which can be tested in further research. According to the first hypothesis, long duration centrifugation affects the way in which visual information interacts with otolith reactivity. According to the second hypothesis, subjects who rely largely on visual information for a correct percept of egomotion are more susceptible to centrifuge induced sickness than others.
Author:
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 34
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Book Description
Four experiments are reported. They were carried out with the purpose of investigating whether we could use and optimize a particular experimental paradigm to investigate the effects of long duration centrifugation of human subjects. The method involved the psychophysical measurement of visual thresholds for perceiving object motion during self-motion on a linear track sled (acquired by the TNO Institute for Perception from the European Space Agency). Since the experiments were of a preliminary nature-we cannot (yet) draw definite conclusions as to their theoretical interpretation. Nevertheless it can be concluded that we have indeed developed an optimal method. In addition, we have arrived at two hypotheses, which can be tested in further research. According to the first hypothesis, long duration centrifugation affects the way in which visual information interacts with otolith reactivity. According to the second hypothesis, subjects who rely largely on visual information for a correct percept of egomotion are more susceptible to centrifuge induced sickness than others.
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Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 568
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Author: F. Hlavacka
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461519314
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 613
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Book Description
From recent developments in the rapidly growing area of neuroscience it has become increasingly clear that a simplistic description of brain function as a broad collection of simple input-output relations is quite inadequate. Introspection already tells us that our motor behavior is guided by a complex interplay between many inputs from the outside world and from our internal "milieu," internal models of ourselves and the outside world, memory content, directed attention, volition, and so forth. Also, our motor activity normally involves more than a circumscribed group of muscles, even if we intend to move only one effector organ. For example, a reaching movement or a reorientation of a sensory organ almost invariably requires a pattern of preparatory or assisting activities in other parts of the body, like the ones that maintain the body's equilibrium. The present volume is a summary of the papers presented at the symposium "Sensory Interaction in Posture and Movement Control" that was held at Smolenice Castle near Bratislava, Slovakia, as a Satellite Symposium to the ENA Meeting 1994 in Vienna. The focus of this meeting was not only restricted to the "classical" sensory interactions such as between vestibular and visual signals, or between otolith and semicircular canal inputs. Rather, the symposium tried to consider also the interplay between perception and action, between reflexive and volitional motor acts as well as between sensory driven or self-initi ated motor acts and reafferent inputs.
Author: William Geoffrey Wright
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cognitive neuroscience
Languages : en
Pages : 114
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ISBN:
Category : Government reports announcements & index
Languages : en
Pages : 1832
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Author: Santo Salvatore
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Eye
Languages : en
Pages : 68
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ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1692
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Author: Diederick Christian Niehorster
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781361334478
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Ranran L.. French
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Depth perception
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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"An important function of the visual system is to represent the 3D structure of the world from the sequence of 2D images projected onto the retinae. During observer translation, relative image motion between stationary objects at different distances (motion parallax, MP) provides potent depth information. However, if an object is moving relative to the scene, this complicates the computation of depth from MP since there will be an additional component of image motion related to object motion. To correctly compute depth from MP, this component should be ignored by the brain. Previous experimental and theoretical work on depth perception from MP has assumed that objects are stationary in the world. How the brain perceives depth of moving objects based on motion parallax has not been examined. This dissertation investigates the perception of depth for moving objects during self-motion in human subjects. First, we ask if human subjects can accurately judge depth of moving objects. Six human subjects were asked to judge the depth of an object relative to the plane of fixation while lateral self-motion was simulated by optic flow. We find that subjects show a robust and systematic depth bias that depends on the object's direction relative to self-motion. Next, we ask whether a subject's belief about whether an object is moving in the world affects their depth judgement. Six subjects were asked to judge the depth of an object relative to the plane of fixation as well as whether the object moves relative to the scene. We find that, on average, subjects show a greater depth bias if they mistake a moving object as "not moving" when object motion information is ambiguous. Finally, we construct three Bayesian inference models with each model implementing a mechanism for depth discrimination. Our model comparison results show that the model which implements subjects' belief about whether an object moves relative to the scene can best explain the perceptual depth biases we observed."--Pages x-xi.
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Category : Aviation medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 486
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