Phylogenetic Classification of Cordyceps and the Clavicipitaceous Fungi PDF Download
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Author: Walter Gams
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Clavicipitaceae
Languages : en
Pages : 74
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Book Description
Author: Walter Gams
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Clavicipitaceae
Languages : en
Pages : 74
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Book Description
Author: Ryan M. Kepler
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Clavicipitaceae
Languages : en
Pages : 166
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Book Description
Historical concepts of Clavicipitaceae have included a broad range of species that display diverse morphologies, ecological modes and host associations. When subjected to multigene phylogenetic investigation of evolutionary history, the family was found to be polyphyletic, largely driven by diversity in the genus Cordyceps, previously containing over 400 taxa. The majority of Cordyceps sensu lato now resides in the families Cordycipitaceae, for which the genus Cordyceps has been retained owing to the placement of the type C. militaris, and the genera Ophiocordyceps and Elaphocordyceps in Ophiocordycipitaceae. The genus Metacordyceps was defined for species of Cordyceps remaining in Clavicipitaceae sensu stricto and contains relatively few species owing to convergent morphologies. Clavicipitaceae remains considerably diverse and its members attack hosts across three kingdoms of life, including insects and rotifers, plants and other fungi. There remains a significant number of Cordyceps species for which molecular or morphological data are insufficient, and are therefore considered incertae sedis with regards to family until new material is available for examination. This work expands the sampling of taxa in Clavicipitaceae sensu lato for inclusion in phylogenetic reconstruction, with particular emphasis on residual species of Cordyceps. The resulting phylogenies were then used to refine concepts morphological features that define boundaries between taxa and explore the evolution of host association, morphology and ecology with ancestral character-state reconstruction. Taxon sampling was increased by extensive field collections and collaborations with other researchers. The diversity present in newly acquired specimens represents all three pathogen groups. The inclusion of these taxa in a five-gene dataset (nrSSU, nrLSU, TEF, RPB1, RPB2) advances understanding of systematic relationships within Clavicipitaceae. Molecular data supports the movement of seven species from Cordyceps sensu lato to Metacordyceps, doubling the number of species known for the genus. The addition of new species reveals significant structure within the genus and allows for a reevaluation and strengthening of morphological concepts attributed to the genus. A clade of species sister to Clavicipitaceae was identified as Veterocordyceps gen. nov. This finding provides clarity to the results of previous workers who considered species in the genus as members of Ophiocordyceps based on morphological data and a more limited molecular dataset. Cordyceps fratricida, a pathogen of ergot, and the rice pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens were placed phylogenetically within Clavicipitaceae. The genus Tyrranocordyceps gen. nov. was established for fungal pathogens that attack closely related species of ergot. Tyrranocordyceps represents a sexual state for a clade of fungal pathogens known only from asexual states. Ustilaginoidea virens was found to occupy a separate lineage of plant pathogens, representing a third clade of clavicipitaceous fungi deriving their nutrition from a plant source. Ancestral character-state reconstruction reveals plant pathogens/endophytes have arisen multiple times during the history of the family and T. fratricida evolved from a plant pathogenic ancestor. The switch to a plant based nutritional mode appears to be facilitated by an ancestral host association with scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhycha:Coccoidea). These insects are sessile in their adult stage and insert their mouthparts directly into living plant tissues, a characteristic that might mediate the acquisition of plant nutrients by their fungal pathogens and eventually result in bypassing the insect host all together. Finally, ancestral character-state reconstructions were performed on a phylogeny representing teleomorphic taxa from throughout Hypocreales for the characters of stipe (absence or presence) and habitat (terrestrial or arboreal). Hypocreales was found to have evolved from a terrestrial, astipitate ancestor. Stipitate morphologies were derived multiple times over the evolution of the order. This observation accounts for the phylogenetic signal in the stipe characters of color and texture. The characters of stipe and habitat were found to be highly correlated. Species occurring in arboreal habitats tend to be astipitate. This was inferred to be the retention of the ancestral state for early diverging members of Cordycipitaceae. However, all other astipitate, arboreal species were inferred to have lost the stipe after moving from a terrestrial habitat. This is likely an evolutionary response to release from evolutionary pressures to elevate reproductive tissues above a substrate.
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080541348
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 477
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Book Description
This text presents an up-to-date account of the soft-scale insects, "Coccidae", and covers almost the entire spectrum of the knowledge of this insect family. It is divided into three sections, covering: soft scale insects; their natural enemies; and damage and control.
Author: James F. White Jr.
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0824756193
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 549
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Book Description
Nineteen contributions address the history, taxonomy, ecology, evolution, genetics, physiology, and effects and applications of various the clavicipitalean fungi, including all sexual and asexual relatives that fall within the phylogenetically defined ascomycete family Clavicipitaceae. Contributors.
Author: Charles W. Bacon
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1482277301
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 502
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Book Description
Examining intercellular infections in certain plant species that lead to a symbiotic relationship between the host and its endophytic microbes, this volume demonstrates the ability of many types of endosymbionts, acting as a unit with hosts to better survive, compete and reproduce. Practical applications of such endophytes are also discussed, for e
Author: De-Wei Li
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319291378
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 651
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Book Description
This reference book includes 24 chapters written by a group of experts in the different fields of microfungi and cover a broad range of topics on microfungi. It provides the most updated information on the latest development in systematics and taxonomy of microfungi, new techniques which were developed in the last ten years and their application in microfungal research. After the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code) was adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011, it has had a profound impact on mycology and its research. Fungal nomenclature changes and its significance to fungal taxonomy and naming of microfungi in the future is discussed in detail. Since dual names system for fungi developing both sexual and asexual states, and fungi developing only asexual state is no longer available, the first five chapters will clarify some confusion and provides perspective views on the direction for future research. The next nine chapters cover microfungi and their ecological roles or functions in the different habitats (air, indoor, aquatic, marine, plants, soils, etc). The remaining 13 chapters cover the relationship of microfungi and humans (good and bad) and usage or application microfungi in different industries, such as food, agriculture, forestry, green technology, pharmaceutics, and medicine, as well as in our daily life. The book bridges the gap between basic mycological research and applied mycology and provide readers a unique set of information and knowledge of microfungi generated from multiple angles in different fields of mycology.
Author: David S. Hibbett
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fungi
Languages : en
Pages : 547
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Book Description
Author: Kandikere Sridhar
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1040228003
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 357
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Book Description
The genus Cordyceps and allied species, such as entomopathogenic fungi, mainly parasitize insects and other arthropods and have been known since ancient times. They are a source of hundreds of metabolites of medicinal significance used in drug discovery and drug development. The book reviews the developments in cordyceps research and its applications. It covers areas such as diversity, distribution, taxonomy, phylogeny, genetics, bioactive potential, nutraceutical values, biotechnological prospects, plant protection, safety concerns, and marketed products. Further, the impact of human interference as well as climate change on the habitats of Cordyceps has been discussed. The book is meant for readers with an interest in mycology and allied areas. It is also invaluable to personnel carrying out research in disciplines like applied biology, biochemistry, biotechnology, botany, ecology, entomology, environmental biology, field biology, forestry, and zoology.
Author: Trevor R. Hodkinson
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108471765
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 445
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Book Description
Discusses the role of endophytes in food security, forestry and health. It outlines their general biology, spanning theory to practice.
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0444637230
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 540
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Book Description
Advances in Genetics provides the latest information on the rapidly evolving field of genetics, presenting new medical breakthroughs that are occurring as a result of advances in our knowledge of the topic. The book continually publishes important reviews of the broadest interest to geneticists and their colleagues in affiliated disciplines, critically analyzing future directions, This thematic volume focuses on the advances and the future potential of the rapidly growing field of entomopathogenic fungi. With a focus on the genetics and molecular biology behind the progress, techniques developed to study all aspects of these fungi will be highlighted, and topics will span from systematics of fungi to how a fungus infects an insect and how that insect responds. Critically analyzes future directions for the study of clinical genetics Written and edited by recognized leaders in the field Presents new medical breakthroughs that are occurring as a result of advances in our knowledge of genetics
