OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3 Test No. 302B: Inherent Biodegradability: Zahn-Wellens/ EVPA Test PDF Download
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Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264070389
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 8
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Book Description
This Test Guideline describes the Zahn-Wellens/EMPA Test. It is used to determine inherent biodegradability. A mixture containing the non-volatile and water soluble test substance, mineral nutrients and a relatively large amount of activated sludge ...
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264070389
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 8
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Book Description
This Test Guideline describes the Zahn-Wellens/EMPA Test. It is used to determine inherent biodegradability. A mixture containing the non-volatile and water soluble test substance, mineral nutrients and a relatively large amount of activated sludge ...
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264070362
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 7
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Book Description
This Test Guideline describes a method which is an adaptation of the Soap and Detergent Association semi-continuous activated sludge (SCAS) procedure for assessing the primary biodegradation of alkyl benzene sulphonate. The test does not simulate ...
Author: Peter Fisk
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118684079
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 334
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Book Description
This book is an essential guide and support to understanding of the science and policy, procedure and practice that underpins the REACH risk assessments required for the use and placing on the market of chemicals in the European Union. A clear understanding of information provision and how this affects the assessment of chemical safety is fundamentally important to the success of policy on chemicals and ultimately to the sustainability of the chemicals industry. Within the book, the scientific processes that underpin the policy are explained in a practical way. Importantly, it includes coverage of techniques to help solve the problems of using potentially risky and hazardous chemicals through the use of less hazardous alternatives and ‘green chemistry’, and also the analysis of the risks of the use of the most hazardous substances against the social and economic benefits of use. Chemical Risk Assessment: A Manual for REACH covers the following main themes: i) Assessment of chemical risk; ii) Risk management; iii) Hazard reduction, substitution and green chemistry; iv) Risk versus benefit – socio-economic analysis. The book acts as a practical guide and overview to chemicals risk assessment and risk management (in the EU context), as well as a support text for planning for the challenges of the future, which will see ever-increasing pressure to withdraw hazardous substances from the EU (and global) market, balanced against opportunities for innovation in the development of less hazardous chemicals.
Author: Adam D. K. Abelkop
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1482298783
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 303
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Book Description
Developed from the efforts of a multiyear, international project examining how persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) chemicals are evaluated and managed, Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic (PBT) Chemicals: Technical Aspects, Policies, and Practices focuses on improving the processes that govern PBTs. Incorporating science and policy literature—as well as interviews and panel discussions featuring experts from around the world—this book provides you with an international perspective of PBT policies (centering on Europe, Asia, and North America), and reveals major findings and recommendations for improving PBT science, laws, and policies. It includes case studies of specific chemicals, provides an introduction to the overall subject of toxic chemicals, and weighs in on science and policy expansion for PBTs. It also provides summary tables of important PBTs, and discussions on the number of PBTs in commerce, weight of evidence approaches, market deselection, and international management. The text: Assesses the history, current practice, and future of PBT management Considers the roles scientific data, modeling, and conventions play in identifying and regulating PBTs Explores the number of PBTs in commerce and the growing role of weight of evidence (WOE) in the making of PBT determinations Identifies issues that are likely to come up in WOE judgments Examines international, national, subnational, and regional PBT policies Includes a comprehensive and easy-to-understand analysis of PBT science and policy This book reviews the current science, policies, and practices surrounding the regulation of PBTs. It also provides relevant research, recommendations, and suggestions for improving the management and oversight of PBTs.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264070400
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 22
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Book Description
This Test Guideline describes the modified MITI test (II). This test permits the measurement of the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and the analysis of residual chemicals in order to evaluate the inherent biodegradability of chemical substances ...
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264070346
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 62
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Book Description
This Test Guideline describes six methods that permit the screening of chemicals for ready biodegradability in an aerobic aqueous medium. The methods are: the DOC Die-Away, the CO2 Evolution (Modified Sturm Test), the MITI (I) (Ministry of ...
Author: C.J. van Leeuwen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402061013
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 706
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Book Description
At last – a second edition of this hugely important text that reflects the progress and experience gained in the last decade and aims at providing background and training material for a new generation of risk assessors. The authors offer an introduction to risk assessment of chemicals as well as basic background information on sources, emissions, distribution and fate processes for the estimation of exposure of plant and animal species in the environment and humans exposed via the environment, consumer products, and at the workplace. The coverage describes the basic principles and methods of risk assessment within their legislative frameworks (EU, USA, Japan and Canada).
Author: European Environment Agency
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 362
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Book Description
This is the third review in the series of reports on the state of the environment throughout the European continent, which also provides an assessment of how the main economic driving forces put pressure on the environment and identifies key areas where further action is needed. It was prepared for the meeting of European environmental ministers held under the auspices of the UN Economic Commission for Europe in Ukraine in May 2003. For the first time, this review covers the entire Russian Federation and the 11 other Eastern European, Caucasus and Central Asian (EECCA) states. Chapters consider: developments in socio-economic sectors such as energy, industry, agriculture, transport and tourism; prominent environmental problems such as climate change, ozone depletion, air pollution and soil degradation; cross-cutting issues of biological diversity and human health impacts; and policy management aspects.
Author: Nava Dayan
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118056795
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 445
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Book Description
Balanced coverage of natural cosmetics, and what it really means to be "green" The use of natural ingredients and functional botanical compounds in cosmetic products is on the rise. According to industry estimates, sales of natural personal care products have exceeded $7 billion in recent years. Nonetheless, many misconceptions about natural products for instance, what "green" and "organic" really mean continue to exist within the industry. Formulating, Packaging, and Marketing of Natural Cosmetic Products addresses this confusion head-on, exploring and detailing the sources, processing, safety, efficacy, stability, and formulation aspects of natural compounds in cosmetic and personal care products. Designed to provide industry professionals and natural product development experts with the essential perspective and market information needed to develop truly "green" cosmetics, the book covers timely issues like biodegradable packaging and the potential microbial risks they present, the use of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) to identify biomarkers, and chromatographic methods of analyzing natural products. A must-read for industry insiders, Formulating, Packaging, and Marketing of Natural Cosmetic Products provides the reader with basic tools and concepts to develop naturally derived formulas.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264224505
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 18
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Book Description
This Test Guideline is a screening method for the evaluation of ready biodegradability of chemicals.
