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Author: Jonathan V. Ernest
Publisher: Nova Publishers
ISBN: 9781594542039
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 110
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Book Description
The Bush Administration completed its Congressionally-mandated Nuclear Posture Review in December 2001. The review led to major changes in US nuclear policy. It found that the Cold War relationship with Russia was 'very inappropriate' and that this nation must be able to deal with new threats. It planned to retain Cold War-era nuclear weapons, which would suffice for many contingencies, though at reduced numbers. To complement these weapons so as to improve US ability to deal with new, more dispersed threats in various countries, the Administration sought to explore additional nuclear capabilities. These initiatives are controversial. Supporters claim that the first three initiatives would enhance deterrence, thereby reducing the risk of war, and that some weapons that might result from the initiatives could enable the United States to destroy key targets in nations that may pose a threat. Critics are concerned that these initiatives would lead to nuclear testing, increase the risk of nuclear proliferation, and make US use of nuclear weapons more likely. Regarding enhanced test readiness, the Administration argues that nuclear testing might be needed, for example, to check fixes to weapon types with defects, and that 24 to 36 months is too long to wait; critics are concerned that shortening the time to test could signal a US intent to test, and that renewed testing could lead to a renewed interest in testing by other nations. CONTENTS: Preface; The Broader Context for the Four Initiatives; R & D on Low -- Yield Nuclear Weapons; Advanced Concepts Initiative; Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator; Nuclear Test Readiness; Concluding Observations; Index.
Author: Jonathan V. Ernest
Publisher: Nova Publishers
ISBN: 9781594542039
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 110
Get Book
Book Description
The Bush Administration completed its Congressionally-mandated Nuclear Posture Review in December 2001. The review led to major changes in US nuclear policy. It found that the Cold War relationship with Russia was 'very inappropriate' and that this nation must be able to deal with new threats. It planned to retain Cold War-era nuclear weapons, which would suffice for many contingencies, though at reduced numbers. To complement these weapons so as to improve US ability to deal with new, more dispersed threats in various countries, the Administration sought to explore additional nuclear capabilities. These initiatives are controversial. Supporters claim that the first three initiatives would enhance deterrence, thereby reducing the risk of war, and that some weapons that might result from the initiatives could enable the United States to destroy key targets in nations that may pose a threat. Critics are concerned that these initiatives would lead to nuclear testing, increase the risk of nuclear proliferation, and make US use of nuclear weapons more likely. Regarding enhanced test readiness, the Administration argues that nuclear testing might be needed, for example, to check fixes to weapon types with defects, and that 24 to 36 months is too long to wait; critics are concerned that shortening the time to test could signal a US intent to test, and that renewed testing could lead to a renewed interest in testing by other nations. CONTENTS: Preface; The Broader Context for the Four Initiatives; R & D on Low -- Yield Nuclear Weapons; Advanced Concepts Initiative; Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator; Nuclear Test Readiness; Concluding Observations; Index.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nuclear weapons
Languages : en
Pages : 79
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Book Description
The Bush Administration completed its congressionally-mandated Nuclear Posture Review in December 2001. The review led to major changes in U.S. nuclear policy. It found that the Cold War relationship with Russia was "very inappropriate" and that this nation must be able to deal with new threats. It planned to retain Cold War-era nuclear weapons, which would suffice for many contingencies, though at reduced numbers. To complement these weapons so as to improve U.S. ability to deal with new, more dispersed threats in various countries, the Administration sought to explore additional nuclear capabilities. Accordingly, the FY2004 request included four nuclear weapon initiatives: (1) rescinding the ban that Congress imposed in 1993 on R & D on low-yield nuclear weapons; (2) $6 million for the Advanced Concepts Initiative (ACI) to begin certain studies of weapon-related science and technology; (3) $15 million to continue a study of the Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator (RNEP), in which an existing bomb would be converted into a weapon able to penetrate into the ground before detonating to improve its ability to destroy buried targets; and (4) $25 million to enable the United States to conduct a nuclear test within 18 months of a presidential order to test, and for related purposes, as compared with the current 24-36 month time that was set shortly after the end of the Cold War. Congress acted on these requests in the FY2004 National Defense Authorization Act (P.L. 108-136), and acted on the latter three in the FY2004 Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act (P.L. 108- 137). For FY2005, the Administration requests $9.0 million for ACI, $27.6 million for RNEP, and $30.0 million for improving nuclear test readiness.
Author: Jonathan Medalia
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781437957464
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 78
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Book Description
The Bush Admin. completed its congressionally-mandated Nuclear Posture Review in Dec. 2001. The review led to major changes in U.S. nuclear policy. It found that the Cold War relationship with Russia was "very inappropriate" and that the U.S. must be able to deal with new threats. It planned to retain Cold War-era nuclear weapons, which would suffice for many contingencies, though at reduced numbers. To complement these weapons so as to improve U.S. ability to deal with new, more dispersed threats in various countries, the Admin. sought to explore additional nuclear capabilities. Accordingly, the FY2004 request included four nuclear weapon initiatives. Contents of this report: The Broader Context for the Four Initiatives; R&D on Low-Yield Nuclear Weapons; Advanced Concepts Initiative; Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator; Nuclear Test Readiness; Concluding Observations. Figures. This is a print on demand report.
Author: Alexander Kmentt
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1000393488
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 193
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Book Description
This book chronicles the genesis of the negotiations that led to the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW), which challenged the established nuclear order. The work provides readers with an authoritative account of the complex evolution of the ‘Humanitarian Initiative’ (HI) and the negotiation history of the TPNW. It includes a close analysis of internal strategy documents and communications in the author’s possession which trace the tactical and political decisions of a small group of state actors. By demonstrating the unacceptable humanitarian consequences and uncontrollable risks that these weapons pose to everyone’s security, the HI convinced many states to ban nuclear weapons and reject the policy of nuclear deterrence as unsustainable and illegitimate. As such, this book is a case-study of multilateral diplomacy and cooperation between state and civil society actors. It also contains a full discussion of both sides of the nuclear argument and assesses the extent to which the HI and the TPNW have moved the dial and present opportunities for transformational change. This book will be of much interest to students of nuclear disarmament, arms control and non-proliferation, diplomacy, global governance, and International Relations in general.
Author: Corey Hinderstein
Publisher: Hoover Press
ISBN: 0817912061
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 345
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Book Description
Ten expert contributors present a blueprint for actions future government leaders will need to guide policy making to reduce nuclear dangers. The authors identify the key technical, political, and diplomatic challenges associated with verifying, monitoring, and enforcing a world free of nuclear weapons and provide potential solutions to those challenges.
Author: Michael Hamel-Green
Publisher: United Nations Publications UNIDIR
ISBN:
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 70
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Book Description
The initial years of the new millennium have seen little substantive progress in nucleararms control. Recent challenges for nuclear non-proliferationinclude: the non-entry into force of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT); the 1998India and Pakistan nuclear weapon tests; the withdrawal of North Korea from the NonproliferationTreaty (NPT); the ambiguous status of Iran's nuclear energy developmentprogramme and past Iraqi NPT violations under Saddam Hussein.The strategy of establishing regional NWFZs is generally seen as both a non-proliferation and security-enhancing measure for the regions themselves, and as a partial step towards the eventual global elimination of nuclear weapons. Currently some 107 countries and the larger part of the globe are part of regional NWFZs while NWFZs for such conflict-prone areas such as the Middle East, South Asia, Northeast Asia and Central and Eastern Europe are in various stages of consideration.
Author: Aiden Warren
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135093873
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 337
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Book Description
This book comprehensively outlines and evaluates the key Obama nuclear weapons policies, developments and initiatives from 2008–2012. Beginning with the administration’s vision and goals posited in the 2009 Prague Speech and reaffirmed in the National Security Strategy of 2010, the book assesses the congressionally mandated Nuclear Posture Review, the New START Treaty, the pursuit of Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty ratification, the Proliferation Security Initiative, the Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Review Conference, the Global Nuclear Security Summit – and the extent to which Obama, in the context of such initiatives, has actually upheld the lofty goals posited in Prague and differentiated himself from the nuclear path pursued by the Bush Administration. Additionally, the book evaluates the Obama Administration’s dealings with other states in the context of its nuclear weapons policy – in particular, North Korea, Iran, Pakistan, Israel, India, and China. Offering a comprehensive analysis of the current status of the US nuclear weapons strategy, this volume will be of great interest to scholars and students of American foreign policy, security studies and international relations.
Author: United States. General Accounting Office
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air defenses
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
Author: Marco De Andreis
Publisher: SIPRI Research Reports
ISBN: 9780198291978
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 148
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Book Description
The breakup of the Soviet Union left a cold war nuclear legacy consisting of tens of thousands of nuclear weapons and a sprawling infrastructure for their production and maintenance. This book examines the fate of this vast nuclear weapon complex and the unprecedented non-proliferation challenges associated with the breakup of a nuclear weapon state. It describes the high-level diplomatic bargaining efforts to consolidate in Russia the nuclear weapons based in newly independent Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine and to strengthen central control over these weapons. It surveys the problems associated with dismantling nuclear weapons and the difficulties involved in safely storing and disposing of large stockpiles of fissile material. It reviews the key provisions of the principal nuclear arms control measures and initiatives, including the START I and START II treaties. Finally, the book assesses the contribution of international assistance programmes to the denuclearization process under way in the former Soviet Union.
Author: Sanford Lakoff
Publisher: Univ of California Press
ISBN: 0520328078
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 428
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Book Description
This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1989.
