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Author: Herbert R. Reginbogin
Publisher: Lexington Books
ISBN: 1498582273
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 329
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Book Description
Neutrality serves different purposes during times of war and peace. ‘Notions of Neutralities’ portrays those historical challenges that neutrals faced, and are still facing, to maintain some form of economic stability and political order as chaos and wars rage. Neutrals are exposed to existential issues and questions of civil-society, international politics, and morality, in a world defiant to principles of universal peace. Every age has its own armed conflicts and while the questions they raise are often the same, the answers are different because the international word order changes. Is neutrality justifiable even when the humanity of civilization is at risk as in the Second World War or the wars of the post-Cold War era? Can those who refuse the call to arms still act by providing humanitarian services to contain the impact of war or, on the contrary, are neutrals shut-off from global politics – mere weaklings that “suffer what they must?" This book addresses such questions through an interdisciplinary scholarship by some of the world’s foremost experts on neutrality. Twelve chapters tackle different but profound aspects of the concept over a span of five hundred years. They succinctly show the evolution of international norms in the context of war and peace. What is more, the essays portray fundamental categories of thinking about a variety of neutralities that the international system has produced in the past and present. The authors discuss the complexities of neutrality, providing a new and refreshing understanding of international relations and security for the past as well as for the multipolar world of the twenty-first century.
Author: Herbert R. Reginbogin
Publisher: Lexington Books
ISBN: 1498582273
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 329
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Book Description
Neutrality serves different purposes during times of war and peace. ‘Notions of Neutralities’ portrays those historical challenges that neutrals faced, and are still facing, to maintain some form of economic stability and political order as chaos and wars rage. Neutrals are exposed to existential issues and questions of civil-society, international politics, and morality, in a world defiant to principles of universal peace. Every age has its own armed conflicts and while the questions they raise are often the same, the answers are different because the international word order changes. Is neutrality justifiable even when the humanity of civilization is at risk as in the Second World War or the wars of the post-Cold War era? Can those who refuse the call to arms still act by providing humanitarian services to contain the impact of war or, on the contrary, are neutrals shut-off from global politics – mere weaklings that “suffer what they must?" This book addresses such questions through an interdisciplinary scholarship by some of the world’s foremost experts on neutrality. Twelve chapters tackle different but profound aspects of the concept over a span of five hundred years. They succinctly show the evolution of international norms in the context of war and peace. What is more, the essays portray fundamental categories of thinking about a variety of neutralities that the international system has produced in the past and present. The authors discuss the complexities of neutrality, providing a new and refreshing understanding of international relations and security for the past as well as for the multipolar world of the twenty-first century.
Author: Herbert R. Reginbogin
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 1793610290
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 251
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Book Description
This collection examines the theory, practice, and application of state neutrality in international relations. With a focus on its modern-day applications, the studies in this volume analyze the global implications of permanent neutrality for Taiwan, Russia, Ukraine, the European Union, and the United States. Exploring permanent neutrality’s role as a realist security model capable of rivaling collective security, the authors argue that permanent neutrality has the potential to decrease major security dilemmas on the global stage.
Author: Pascal Lottaz
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 1666901679
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 327
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Book Description
The collapse of the Soviet Union and the wars in Yugoslavia radically changed the security environment in Europe and Central Asia. Some predictions assumed the emerging unipolarity of the liberal world order would end neutrality policies in East and West, but, as this volume shows, this was not the case. While some traditional Cold War neutrals like Sweden and Finland have been edging closer to security alignment with western institutions, there are others like Austria, Switzerland, Ireland, and Malta that remained committed to their traditional nonaligned foreign policy approaches. More importantly, there are areas of Eurasia that developed new forms of neutrality policies, most of them only noticed on the margins of academic discourse. This is the first book to systematically explore this “new neutralism” of the Post-Cold War. In part one, the book analyzes contemporary neutrality discourse on several levels like international organizations (UN, ASEAN), diplomacy, and academic theory. Part two discusses neutrality-related policy developments in Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine, Georgia, Serbia, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, and Mongolia. Together, the 15 chapters show how on this vast, connected landmass references to neutrality have remained a staple of international politics.
Author: Florentin Smarandache
Publisher: Infinite Study
ISBN:
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 1008
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Book Description
This ninth volume of Collected Papers includes 87 papers comprising 982 pages on Neutrosophic Theory and its applications in Algebra, written between 2014-2022 by the author alone or in collaboration with the following 81 co-authors (alphabetically ordered) from 19 countries: E.O. Adeleke, A.A.A. Agboola, Ahmed B. Al-Nafee, Ahmed Mostafa Khalil, Akbar Rezaei, S.A. Akinleye, Ali Hassan, Mumtaz Ali, Rajab Ali Borzooei , Assia Bakali, Cenap Özel, Victor Christianto, Chunxin Bo, Rakhal Das, Bijan Davvaz, R. Dhavaseelan, B. Elavarasan, Fahad Alsharari, T. Gharibah, Hina Gulzar, Hashem Bordbar, Le Hoang Son, Emmanuel Ilojide, Tèmítópé Gbóláhàn Jaíyéolá, M. Karthika, Ilanthenral Kandasamy, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Huma Khan, Madad Khan, Mohsin Khan, Hee Sik Kim, Seon Jeong Kim, Valeri Kromov, R. M. Latif, Madeleine Al-Tahan, Mehmat Ali Ozturk, Minghao Hu, S. Mirvakili, Mohammad Abobala, Mohammad Hamidi, Mohammed Abdel-Sattar, Mohammed A. Al Shumrani, Mohamed Talea, Muhammad Akram, Muhammad Aslam, Muhammad Aslam Malik, Muhammad Gulistan, Muhammad Shabir, G. Muhiuddin, Memudu Olaposi Olatinwo, Osman Anis, Choonkil Park, M. Parimala, Ping Li, K. Porselvi, D. Preethi, S. Rajareega, N. Rajesh, Udhayakumar Ramalingam, Riad K. Al-Hamido, Yaser Saber, Arsham Borumand Saeid, Saeid Jafari, Said Broumi, A.A. Salama, Ganeshsree Selvachandran, Songtao Shao, Seok-Zun Song, Tahsin Oner, M. Mohseni Takallo, Binod Chandra Tripathy, Tugce Katican, J. Vimala, Xiaohong Zhang, Xiaoyan Mao, Xiaoying Wu, Xingliang Liang, Xin Zhou, Yingcang Ma, Young Bae Jun, Juanjuan Zhang.
Author: Dmitri Rabounski
Publisher: Infinite Study
ISBN: 1931233918
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 80
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Book Description
Neutrosophy is a theory developed by Florentin Smarandache in 1995 as a generalization of dialectics, which studies the origin, nature and properties of neutralities. This book applies neutrosophic method to the General Theory of Relativity, aiming to discover new effects hidden before.Studying Einstein's basic space-time, neutrosophic method displays new trajectories and particles never considered before. Such trajectories/particles are of two "mixed" kinds, which are (1) common for sub-light mass-bearing particles and massless photons (non-isotropic/isotropic trajectories) and (2) common for massless photons and super-light mass-bearing tachyons (isotropic/non-isotropic trajectories). As it is shown, such mass-bearing/light-like particles are accessible for observing, we can see them in different phenomena of nature.Solutions of Einstein's equations (evolution scenarios for the Universe) are collected in a table in this book. Each cell of the table is a cosmological model. Neutrosophic method, analyzing this cosmological table, displays new possible models of the evolution of the Universe.The foundation of Smarandache geometries is based on S-denying an axiom, i.e. in the same space an axiom is false in at least two different ways, or is false and also true. S-denying each of 4 signature conditions in Einstein's basic space-time we arrive to 4 kinds of expanded space-time for the General Theory of Relativity. The 4th expanded space-time type permits photon teleportation, well-known from the recent experiments, but which failed in the basic space-time, and also where virtual photons are permitted --- predicted by Quantum Electrodynamics instant-moving mediators between entangled regular particles.
Author: Florentin Smarandache
Publisher: Infinite Study
ISBN:
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 1018
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Book Description
This eleventh volume of Collected Papers includes 90 papers comprising 988 pages on Physics, Artificial Intelligence, Health Issues, Decision Making, Economics, Statistics, written between 2001-2022 by the author alone or in collaboration with the following 84 co-authors (alphabetically ordered) from 19 countries: Abhijit Saha, Abu Sufian, Jack Allen, Shahbaz Ali, Ali Safaa Sadiq, Aliya Fahmi, Atiqa Fakhar, Atiqa Firdous, Sukanto Bhattacharya, Robert N. Boyd, Victor Chang, Victor Christianto, V. Christy, Dao The Son, Debjit Dutta, Azeddine Elhassouny, Fazal Ghani, Fazli Amin, Anirudha Ghosha, Nasruddin Hassan, Hoang Viet Long, Jhulaneswar Baidya, Jin Kim, Jun Ye, Darjan Karabašević, Vasilios N. Katsikis, Ieva Meidutė-Kavaliauskienė, F. Kaymarm, Nour Eldeen M. Khalifa, Madad Khan, Qaisar Khan, M. Khoshnevisan, Kifayat Ullah,, Volodymyr Krasnoholovets, Mukesh Kumar, Le Hoang Son, Luong Thi Hong Lan, Tahir Mahmood, Mahmoud Ismail, Mohamed Abdel-Basset, Siti Nurul Fitriah Mohamad, Mohamed Loey, Mai Mohamed, K. Mohana, Kalyan Mondal, Muhammad Gulfam, Muhammad Khalid Mahmood, Muhammad Jamil, Muhammad Yaqub Khan, Muhammad Riaz, Nguyen Dinh Hoa, Cu Nguyen Giap, Nguyen Tho Thong, Peide Liu, Pham Huy Thong, Gabrijela Popović, Surapati Pramanik, Dmitri Rabounski, Roslan Hasni, Rumi Roy, Tapan Kumar Roy, Said Broumi, Saleem Abdullah, Muzafer Saračević, Ganeshsree Selvachandran, Shariful Alam, Shyamal Dalapati, Housila P. Singh, R. Singh, Rajesh Singh, Predrag S. Stanimirović, Kasan Susilo, Dragiša Stanujkić, Alexandra Şandru, Ovidiu Ilie Şandru, Zenonas Turskis, Yunita Umniyati, Alptekin Ulutaș, Maikel Yelandi Leyva Vázquez, Binyamin Yusoff, Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas, Zhao Loon Wang.
Author: Florentin Smarandache
Publisher: Infinite Study
ISBN: 1599735814
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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Book Description
“Neutrosophic Sets and Systems” has been created for publications on advanced studies in neutrosophy, neutrosophic set, neutrosophic logic, neutrosophic probability, neutrosophic statistics that started in 1995 and their applications in any field, such as the neutrosophic structures developed in algebra, geometry, topology, etc.
Author: Florentin Smarandache
Publisher: Infinite Study
ISBN: 1599735970
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 174
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Book Description
“Neutrosophic Sets and Systems” has been created for publications on advanced studies in neutrosophy, neutrosophic set, neutrosophic logic, neutrosophic probability, neutrosophic statistics that started in 1995 and their applications in any field, such as the neutrosophic structures developed in algebra, geometry, topology, etc.
Author: Florentin Smarandache
Publisher: Infinite Study
ISBN: 1599732807
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 78
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Book Description
This volume is a collection of ten papers, written by different authors and co-authors (listed in the order of the papers): F. Yuhua, A. A. Salama, F. Smarandache, S. A. Alblowi, M. Ali, M. Shabir, M. Naz, A. A. A. Agboola, S. A. Akinleye, M. Dhar, S. Broumi, P. Biswas, S. Pramanik, B. C. Giri, H. A. El-Ghareeb, A. M. Maine, V. Kandasamy, P. Sekar and J. Vidhyalakshmi. In first paper, the author proposed Expanding Newton Mechanics with Neutrosophy and Quad-stage Method-New Newton Mechanics Taking Law of Conservation of Energy as Unique Source Law. The Characteristic Function of a Neutrosophic Set is proposed in the second paper. Neutrosophic Left Almost Semigroup is studied in third paper. In fourth paper Neutrosophic Hypercompositional Structures defined by Binary Relations are introduced. Similarly in fifth paper A Note on Square Neutrosophic Fuzzy Matrices are discussed. In paper six A New Methodology for Neutrosophic Multi-Attribute Decision-Making with Unknown Weight Information is presented by the authors. Introduction to Develop Some Software Programs for dealing with Neutrosophic Sets is given in seventh paper. Paper eight is about to Soft Neutrosophic Ring and Soft Neutrosophic Field. In the next paper Rough Neutrosophic Sets are discussed. The authors introduced new type of Fuzzy Relational Equations and Neutrosophic Relational Equations-To Analyze Customer Preference to street shops in the last paper.
Author: Florentin Smarandache
Publisher: Infinite Study
ISBN: 1599735997
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 201
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Book Description
“Neutrosophic Sets and Systems” has been created for publications on advanced studies in neutrosophy, neutrosophic set, neutrosophic logic, neutrosophic probability, neutrosophic statistics that started in 1995 and their applications in any field, such as the neutrosophic structures developed in algebra, geometry, topology, etc.
