Nonlinear Thermal Transport and Brine Convection in First Year Sea Ice PDF Download
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sea ice
Languages : en
Pages : 13
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sea ice
Languages : en
Pages : 13
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Book Description
Author: Mohammed Shokr
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 111982821X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 628
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Book Description
SEA ICE The latest edition of the gold standard in sea ice references In the newly revised second edition of Sea Ice: Physics and Remote Sensing, a team of distinguished researchers delivers an in-depth review of the features and structural properties of ice, as well as the latest advances in geophysical sensors, ice parameter retrieval techniques, and remote sensing data. The book has been updated to reflect the latest scientific developments in macro- and micro-scale sea ice research. For this edition, the authors have included high-quality photographs of thin sections from cores of various ice types, as well as a comprehensive account of all major field expeditions that have systematically surveyed sea ice and its properties. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to ice physics and physical processes, including ice morphology and age-based structural features Practical discussions of radiometric and radar-scattering observations from sea ice, including radar backscatter and microwave emission The latest techniques for the retrieval of sea ice parameters from space-borne and airborne sensor data New chapters on sea ice thermal microwave emissions and on the impact of climate change on polar sea ice Perfect for academic researchers working on sea ice, the cryosphere, and climatology, Sea Ice: Physics and Remote Sensing will also benefit meteorologists, marine operators, and high-latitude construction engineers.
Author: Hajo Eicken
Publisher: University of Alaska Press
ISBN: 1602231079
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 590
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Book Description
As much as one-tenth of the world’s oceans are covered with sea ice, or frozen ocean water, at some point during the annual cycle. Sea ice thus plays an important, often defining, role in the natural environment and the global climate system. This book is a global look at the changes in sea ice and the tools and techniques used to measure and record those changes. The first comprehensive research done on sea-ice field techniques, this volume will be indispensable for the study of northern sea ice and a must-have for scientists in the field of climate change research.
Author: Mohammed Shokr
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119027888
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 600
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Book Description
Sea Ice: Physics and Remote Sensing addresses experiences acquired mainly in Canada by researchers in the fields of ice physics and growth history in relation to its polycrystalline structure as well as ice parameters retrieval from remote sensing observations. The volume describes processes operating at the macro- and microscale (e.g., brine entrapment in sea ice, crystallographic texture of ice types, brine drainage mechanisms, etc.). The information is supported by high-quality photographs of ice thin-sections prepared from cores of different ice types, all obtained by leading experts during field experiments in the 1970s through the 1990s, using photographic cameras and scanning microscopy. In addition, this volume presents techniques to retrieve a suite of sea ice parameters (e.g. ice type, concentration, extent, thickness, surface temperature, surface deformation, etc.) from space-borne and airborne sensor data. The breadth of the material on this subject is designed to appeal to researchers and users of remote sensing data who want to develop quick familiarity with the capabilities of this technology or detailed knowledge about major techniques for retrieval of key ice parameters. Volume highlights include: Detailed crystallographic classification of natural sea ice, the key information from which information about ice growth conditions can be inferred. Many examples are presented with material to support qualitative and quantitative interpretation of the data. Methods developed for revealing microstructural characteristics of sea ice and performing forensic investigations. Data sets on radiative properties and satellite observations of sea ice, its snow cover, and surrounding open water. Methods of retrieval of ice surface features and geophysical parameters from remote sensing observations with a focus on critical issues such as the suitability of different sensors for different tasks and data synergism. Sea Ice: Physics and Remote Sensing is intended for a variety of sea ice audiences interested in different aspects of ice related to physics, geophysics, remote sensing, operational monitoring, mechanics, and cryospheric sciences.
Author: Willy Weeks
Publisher: University of Alaska Press
ISBN: 160223101X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 682
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Book Description
Covering more than seven percent of the earth’s surface, sea ice is crucial to the functioning of the biosphere—and is a key component in our attempts to understand and combat climate change. With On Sea Ice, geophysicist W. F. Weeks delivers a natural history of sea ice, a fully comprehensive and up-to-date account of our knowledge of its creation, change, and function. The volume begins with the earliest recorded observations of sea ice, from 350 BC, but the majority of its information is drawn from the period after 1950, when detailed study of sea ice became widespread. Weeks delves into both micro-level characteristics—internal structure, component properties, and phase relations—and the macro-level nature of sea ice, such as salinity, growth, and decay. He also explains the mechanics of ice pack drift and the recently observed changes in ice extent and thickness. An unparalleled account of a natural phenomenon that will be of increasing importance as the earth’s temperature rises, On Sea Ice will unquestionably be the standard for years to come.
Author: Odile Crabeck
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Abstract Past and recent literature have highlighted that sea ice might play a crucial role in controlling and contributing to the exchange of significant climatically active biogases between the ocean and the atmosphere in polar areas. However, the formation of air inclusions and the transport of gases within sea ice cover are still poorly understood. Thanks to development of a new fast and non-destructive X-ray computed tomography (CT) technique to quantify the air volume fraction and the characterization of gas concentration profiles (Ar, O2, N2, CH4 and pCO2) in natural (Kapisillit fjord, Greenland) and artificial (Sea Ice Research Facility, Winnipeg, Canada) cold sea ice, we revealed some key properteies of gas content and transport in sea ice. We concluded that gases are incorporated in dissolved phase in the brine during ice growth. Nucleation further happened in the brine inclusions at rate depending of the gas saturation factor and the brine volume. Nucleation exerts a strong control on gas content and transport because at any given time when bubbles form in the brine, they are segregated from the transport pathway of dissolved salts and dissolved gas. Due to their low density, bubbles will not drain out of the ice by convection. Instead, nucleation leads to the forced buoyant upward transport and an accumulation of gas in sea ice. In addition, we show that the gas content of air bubbles can be exchanged with the brine medium and diffuse within the brine network at a comparable rate (10-5 cm2 s-1) than aqueous diffusivities. In addition, CT-X-ray results showed that air volume fraction was 2% in most of the internal layers and systematically 5% at the ice-atmosphere interface (top 2 cm). The evidence of air volume fraction over 5% in granular top layers with the presence of macro bubbles introduces new challenges for the interpretation of sea ice atmosphere gas exchange. Substantiation of air porosity in columnar internal layers and granular top layers questions the current sea ice mathematical description in which the air volume fraction is currently neglected.
Author: Martin O. Jeffries
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Climatology
Languages : en
Pages : 636
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Book Description
Author: Lars G. E. Backstrom
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sea ice
Languages : en
Pages : 202
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Book Description
"Sea ice is an important component of the global climate system, as it changes the properties of the ocean-atmosphere interface. Understanding sea ice requires detailed knowledge of its temperature and bulk salinity. To measure these attributes using non-destructive in-situ techniques, instruments were frozen into first-year sea ice, and analysed jointly with ice-core, mass balance and climate data.The bulk salinity of the ice is calculated from measurements of temperature and complex dielectric permittivity at 50 MHz in landfast ice in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, the Chukchi Sea, Alaska, and in an outdoor tank experiment in Fairbanks, Alaska. A simple relation for estimating brine volume fraction and bulk salinity in columnar, bubble-free ice from the real part of the complex dielectric permittivity was derived. For relative brine volumes below 50-70 % the error in the derived bulk salinity was below 15%. The observed brine movement events are analyzed. The data clearly indicate the extent and impact of brine movement on ice temperature and salinity. The analysis of a drainage event recorded by both the temperature and dielectric permittivity probe provided insight into gravity drainage of brine driven by a large brine reservoir in the freeboard layer"--Leaf iii.
Author: Norbert Untersteiner
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1489953523
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1197
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Book Description
Based on the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Air-Sea-Ice Interaction held September 28-October 10, 1981 in Acquafredda di maratea, Italy. Intent is to present the topic of sea ice in the broad and interdisciplinary context of atmospheric and oceanographic science.
Author: James Richard Gellatly Parkinson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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