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Author: Rajesh Kumar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 122
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Author: Rajesh Kumar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 122
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Author: Anna Leiber
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3656821186
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Seminar paper from the year 2014 in the subject Politics - Region: South Asia, grade: 1,0, University of Pavia, course: History of International Relations, language: English, abstract: During the early years of the Cold War the American as well as the Soviet leaders concentrated their political strategy primarily on the European territory. From the early 1950s onwards, however, their attention shifted towards the Asian and African world. Among the Asian countries, especially the new established Republic of Indonesia was soon considered as a significant strategic control point by both superpowers. Thus, in order to gain this young nation as a political ally, the US as well as the Soviet government continuously offered economic and military support during the next 20 years. Despite all these diplomatic efforts, Indonesia didn’t join any alliance. Following the 1949 proclaimed foreign policy of non-alignment, president Sukarno wanted to uphold a neutral position between the American and Soviet bloc. Until 1965, however, the Indonesian leader played a successful double game with the Cold War opponents through which he tried to benefit as much as possible. Looking at the period between the end of the Second World War 1945 and Sukarno’s political overthrow in 1965, this paper analyzes two questions. On the one hand, it will focus upon the political attempts coming from the USA and the USSR in order to influence the Indonesian government. On the other hand, by illustrating the latter’s behaviour it will underline that Indonesia took a huge advantage from its triangle position between the American and the Soviet bloc and left the path of foreign neutrality soon after its independence.
Author: Rikhi Jaipal
Publisher: New Delhi : Allied
ISBN:
Category : Developing countries
Languages : en
Pages : 236
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Author: Donald Greenlees
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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The thesis analyses Indonesia's foreign policy, specifically its alignment behavior, in the 20 years after it declared independence in 1945. It investigates the origins of Indonesia's enduring bebas-aktif (independent and active) foreign policy and its manifestation in an official policy of neutrality and then nonalignment during the Cold War. It then follows the evolution of alignment policy via Indonesia's interactions with the great powers of the era - the USA, the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China. The case study period provides a detailed account of a series of episodes that engaged the Cold War's great powers, including the Asia- Africa conference, US-sponsored regional rebellions in Indonesia, the campaign to wrest control of West New Guinea, and the attempt to "crush" the formation of Malaysia under a policy of Konfrontasi. In trying to account for patterns in Indonesian alignment, the thesis challenges conventional approaches to alignment that explain changing behavior as purely a response to either the capability or intentions of other powers. Instead of seeing alignment as the result of a balance of power or a balance of threat, the thesis finds that Indonesia's alignment policy during the period is better understood as a balance of risk between competing domestic and international demands and objectives. Policymakers are viewed as placing especially high priority on maintaining policy autonomy, which they compromise only when the objective that alignment serves is regarded as critical to the state. The analysis highlights a deep vein of Realpolitik and pragmatism in Indonesia's alignment behavior, which prompted it to abandon neutrality when the international and domestic objectives of policymakers outweighed their commitment to the bebas-aktif policy. But the thesis found Indonesia's most common approach to alignment was the use of a range of 'smart' strategies designed to maximise the benefits and minimise the risks of alignment. The principal risks could be placed in two categories: first, the risk of losing policy autonomy and, second, the risk of alignment choice provoking a domestic or international backlash. The thesis also reviewed methods of analysing decisions under conditions of risk. Comparing a rational actor model with a psychological model of choice, it found policymakers were prone to depart from the precepts of rational choice under conditions of crisis and uncertainty when the risk of critical loss to the state was is high.
Author: Jürgen Dinkel
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004336133
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 366
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In The Non-Aligned Movement: Genesis, Organization and Politics (1927-1992) Jürgen Dinkel examines the history of the NAM since the interwar period as a special reaction of the “Global South” to changing global orders.
Author: Peter Willetts
Publisher: London : F. Pinter ; New York : Nichols Publishing Company
ISBN: 9780893970444
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 334
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Author: Twarakavi Venkata Subba Rao
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : India
Languages : en
Pages : 184
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Author: Jawaharlal Nehru University. School of International Studies
Publisher: New Delhi : Vikas
ISBN:
Category : Communist countries
Languages : en
Pages : 532
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Author: Bantarto Bandoro
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Developing countries
Languages : en
Pages : 130
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Author: Indonesia. Departemen Luar Negeri
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Indonesia
Languages : un
Pages : 28
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