Nitrogen Use Efficiency Traits for Identifing Suitable Maize (Zea Mays L.) Genotypes Under Low Nitrogen Cropping Systems PDF Download
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Author: Juan Luis Rouanet M.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 360
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Author: Juan Luis Rouanet M.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 360
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Book Description
Author: Jennifer Yang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Developing crop varieties with greater resource use efficiency and tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress is a key strategy for mitigating effects of climate change and resource depletion, while ensuring food security for a rapidly growing human population. Nitrogen is the mineral element required in greatest abundance by plants, and its availability is a primary determinant of plant growth and crop yield. Yet, nitrogen fertilizer is one of the most costly agricultural inputs, and inaccessible in sufficient quantities to low-input farmers. Conversely, excess application of fertilizer to maximize yields in intensive commercial operations has resulted in environmental damage and economic losses; an estimated 50% of applied nitrogen is not captured by crops, and contaminates ground water, creates hypoxic zones, or volatilizes as harmful greenhouse gases.Maize (Zea mays L.) is a dominant crop, with approximately 1 billion tons produced globally for food, fuel, and industrial uses per year. Breeding maize varieties with enhanced nitrogen use efficiency (NUE, defined as grain yield per unit soil nitrogen) both in capturing nitrogen in soil (uptake efficiency, NUpE) and converting acquired nitrogen into grain yield (utilization efficiency, NUtE) would have substantial environmental and economic benefits. Selection under increased planting densities has indirectly contributed to modest gains in NUE in modern maize varieties, along with agronomic advances. However, trait-based approaches could lead to targeted improvement in NUE for both high-input farms and nitrogen-deficient soils.In maize, a shoot-borne, nodal root system is responsible for the majority of nitrogen uptake, and consists of successive nodes (whorls) of axial roots with multiple orders of lateral branching. These root nodes develop acropetally as leaves emerge, and increase in diameter and number to support exponential shoot growth. My research had three primary objectives: (1) to evaluate the extent of genotypic variation in anatomical phenotypes across root nodes and develop optimal phenotyping strategies under different nitrogen conditions, (2) to identify nodal root traits or trait combinations associated with improved NUpE, and (3) to determine whether variation in root and leaf anatomy are strongly linked, and explore combinations of root and shoot phenotypes which could optimize NUE in maize.
Author: Malcolm J. Hawkesford
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 081381992X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 512
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Book Description
Efforts to increase efficient nutrient use by crops are of growing importance as the global demand for food, fibre and fuel increases and competition for resources intensifies. The Molecular and Physiological Basis of Nutrient Use Efficiency in Crops provides both a timely summary of the latest advances in the field as well as anticipating directions for future research. The Molecular and Physiological Basis of Nutrient Use Efficiency in Crops bridges the gap between agronomic practice and molecular biology by linking underpinning molecular mechanisms to the physiological and agronomic aspects of crop yield. These chapters provide an understanding of molecular and physiological mechanisms that will allow researchers to continue to target and improve complex traits for crop improvement. Written by leading international researchers, The Molecular and Physiological Basis of Nutrient Use Efficiency in Crops will be an essential resource for the crop science community for years to come. Special Features: coalesces current knowledge in the areas of efficient acquisition and utilization of nutrients by crop plants with emphasis on modern developments addresses future directions in crop nutrition in the light of changing climate patterns including temperature and water availability bridges the gap between traditional agronomy and molecular biology with focus on underpinning molecular mechanisms and their effects on crop yield includes contributions from a leading team of global experts in both research and practical settings
Author: G. O. Edmeades
Publisher: CIMMYT
ISBN: 9789686923933
Category : Corn
Languages : en
Pages : 580
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Book Description
Incidence and intensity of drought and low N stresss in the tropics; Case studies strategies for crop production under drought and low n stresses in the tropics; Stress physology and identification of secondary traits; Physiology of low nitrogen stress; Breeding for tolerance to drought and low n stresses; General breeding strategies for stress tolerance; Progress in breeding drought tolerance; Progress in breeding low nitrogen tolerance; Experimental design and software.
Author: Peter J. Lea
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662040646
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 410
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Book Description
Jointly published with INRA, Paris. This book covers all aspects of the transfer of nitrogen from the soil and air to a final resting place in the seed protein of a crop plant. It describes the physiological and molecular mechanisms of ammonium and nitrate transport and assimilation, including symbiotic nitrogen fixation by the Rhizobiacea. Amino acid metabolism and nitrogen traffic during plant growth and development and details of protein biosynthesis in the seeds are also extensively covered. Finally, the effects of the application of nitrogen fertilisers on plant growth, crop yield and the environment are discussed. Written by international experts in their field, Plant Nitrogen is essential reading for all plant biochemists, biotechnologists, molecular biologists and physiologists as well as plant breeders, agricultural engineers, agronomists and phytochemists.
Author: Joseph D. DeVries
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 310
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Author: Mohammad Pessarakli
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 082474134X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 997
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Book Description
With contributions from over 70 international experts, this reference provides comprehensive coverage of plant physiological stages and processes under both normal and stressful conditions. It emphasizes environmental factors, climatic changes, developmental stages, and growth regulators as well as linking plant and crop physiology to the production of food, feed, and medicinal compounds. Offering over 300 useful tables, equations, drawings, photographs, and micrographs, the book covers cellular and molecular aspects of plant and crop physiology, plant and crop physiological responses to heavy metal concentration and agrichemicals, computer modeling in plant physiology, and more.
Author: Javier Antonio Fernandez
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
In maize (Zea mays L.), the largest staple crop in the world, nitrogen (N) represents a major limiting factor for productivity. However, improving N use efficiency (NUE) is still one of the most critical research issues to achieve food security in a context affected by climate change. This dissertation is structured in six chapters (Chapter 1, Introduction, and Chapter 6, Conclusions) outlining the agronomic and physiological traits associated with a better N utilization in US maize hybrids across Genotype x Environment x Management (G x E x M) conditions, with emphasis on the implications of long-term genetic selection. Chapter 2 presents a comprehensive meta-analysis on a diverse dataset assembled from field studies from 1983 until 2018 to compare early- versus late-season N (applied after tenth-leaf) fertilization effects on yield and N recovery efficiency. Results provided evidence for the lack of a main effect of late N application on yields but suggest the existence of crop growth conditions prone to a greater reproductive N uptake where this practice might be suitable. Throughout multiple field trials, Chapter 3-5 advanced in our understanding of how long-term genetic improvement has modified N dynamics across G x M scenarios. Chapter 3 proposes a novel N by carbon (C) framework to analyze and define key morpho-physiological traits of breeding interest that allow modern maize plants to achieve higher productivity and NUE. Results show both an earlier stem N remobilization and a decline in grain N concentration are key drivers of N utilization efficiency in modern hybrids. Chapter 4 documents the underlying fluxes of post-flowering N allocation and translocation dynamics behind genetic improvement over time in field-grown corn. This research suggests that direct selection for yield has indirectly favored N allocation to leaves in modern genotypes resulting in an improved post-flowering C accumulation. Finally, Chapter 5 explores historical changes in the contribution of grain weight and its physiological characteristics to maize genetic progress. This research evidences a significant contribution of increments in grain weight in US maize but concludes the trade-off between grain number and weight poses a challenge for future yield progress.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 830
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Author: Mohammad Anwar Hossain
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128112948
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 420
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Book Description
Plant Macronutrient Use Efficiency presents an up-to-date overview of the latest research on the molecular and genetic basis of macro-nutrient use efficiency (NUE) in plants, and strategies that can be used to improve NUE and nutrient-associated stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant NUE is a measure of how efficiently plants use available nutrients and an understanding of plant NUE has the potential to help improve the use of limited natural resources and to help achieve global food security. This book presents information important for the development of crop plants with improved macro-NUE, a prerequisite to reducing production costs, expanding crop production into noncompetitive marginal lands with low nutrient resources, and for helping to prevent environmental contamination. Plant Macronutrient Use Efficiency provides a comprehensive overview of the complex mechanisms regulating macro-NUE in crop plants, which is required if plant breeders are to develop modern crop varieties that are more resilient to nutrient-associated stress. Identification of genes responsible for macro-NUE and nutrient-related stress tolerance in crop plants will help us to understand the molecular mechanisms associated with the responses of crop plants to nutrient stress. This volume contains both fundamental and advanced information, and critical commentaries useful for those in all fields of plant science research. Provides details of molecular and genetic aspects of NUE in crop plants and model plant systems Presents information on major macronutrients, nutrient sensing and signaling, and the molecular and genomic issues associated with primary and secondary macronutrients Delivers information on how molecular genetic information associated with NUE can be used to develop plant breeding programs Includes contributions from world-leading plant nutrition research groups
