Author: Zayna A. Khayat
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Glucose is a universal energy substrate of mammalian cells. The Thesis examines the two main pathways of regulating glucose transport in muscle cells--insulin and the metabolic demand pathway. Insulin and the mitochondrial uncoupler dinitrophenol (DNP) were used to stimulate these two pathways in L6 muscle cells in order to dissect differences involving 3 major cellular regulatory pathways: (1) the actin cytoskeleton and temporal spatial regulation of signals and glucose transporters; (2) signalling pathways activated by these stimuli; and (3) cellular mechanisms controlling chronic glucose transporter expression. The results demonstrate that insulin provokes a rapid and marked aggregation of filamentous actin into structures that provide the coordinates for the insulin-derived signals to meet glucose transporter organelles, and direct their insertion into membrane ruffles. The results also reveal that, in contrast to insulin, DNP-stimulated glucose uptake largely depends on cytosolic Ca2+ and Ca2+-sensitive PKCs, but likely does not engage the fuel sensing enzyme AMPK. Finally, insulin and DNP were shown to elicit different long-term effects on glucose transporter expression: whereas prolonged exposure to insulin increases glucose transporter biosynthesis, chronic exposure to DNP increases the half-life of the glucose transporters in an isoform-specific manner. By uncovering the different cellular factors accessed by insulin and DNP to control glucose transport, the Thesis enhances our understanding of the diverse means employed by the muscle cell to control glucose homeostasis, and may have implications for the therapeutic treatment of diseases associated with impaired glucose utilization, such as Type 2 diabetes.
Multiple Mechanisms of Regulating Glucose Transporters and Glucose Transport in Skeletal Muscle Cells
Author: Zayna A. Khayat
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Glucose is a universal energy substrate of mammalian cells. The Thesis examines the two main pathways of regulating glucose transport in muscle cells--insulin and the metabolic demand pathway. Insulin and the mitochondrial uncoupler dinitrophenol (DNP) were used to stimulate these two pathways in L6 muscle cells in order to dissect differences involving 3 major cellular regulatory pathways: (1) the actin cytoskeleton and temporal spatial regulation of signals and glucose transporters; (2) signalling pathways activated by these stimuli; and (3) cellular mechanisms controlling chronic glucose transporter expression. The results demonstrate that insulin provokes a rapid and marked aggregation of filamentous actin into structures that provide the coordinates for the insulin-derived signals to meet glucose transporter organelles, and direct their insertion into membrane ruffles. The results also reveal that, in contrast to insulin, DNP-stimulated glucose uptake largely depends on cytosolic Ca2+ and Ca2+-sensitive PKCs, but likely does not engage the fuel sensing enzyme AMPK. Finally, insulin and DNP were shown to elicit different long-term effects on glucose transporter expression: whereas prolonged exposure to insulin increases glucose transporter biosynthesis, chronic exposure to DNP increases the half-life of the glucose transporters in an isoform-specific manner. By uncovering the different cellular factors accessed by insulin and DNP to control glucose transport, the Thesis enhances our understanding of the diverse means employed by the muscle cell to control glucose homeostasis, and may have implications for the therapeutic treatment of diseases associated with impaired glucose utilization, such as Type 2 diabetes.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Glucose is a universal energy substrate of mammalian cells. The Thesis examines the two main pathways of regulating glucose transport in muscle cells--insulin and the metabolic demand pathway. Insulin and the mitochondrial uncoupler dinitrophenol (DNP) were used to stimulate these two pathways in L6 muscle cells in order to dissect differences involving 3 major cellular regulatory pathways: (1) the actin cytoskeleton and temporal spatial regulation of signals and glucose transporters; (2) signalling pathways activated by these stimuli; and (3) cellular mechanisms controlling chronic glucose transporter expression. The results demonstrate that insulin provokes a rapid and marked aggregation of filamentous actin into structures that provide the coordinates for the insulin-derived signals to meet glucose transporter organelles, and direct their insertion into membrane ruffles. The results also reveal that, in contrast to insulin, DNP-stimulated glucose uptake largely depends on cytosolic Ca2+ and Ca2+-sensitive PKCs, but likely does not engage the fuel sensing enzyme AMPK. Finally, insulin and DNP were shown to elicit different long-term effects on glucose transporter expression: whereas prolonged exposure to insulin increases glucose transporter biosynthesis, chronic exposure to DNP increases the half-life of the glucose transporters in an isoform-specific manner. By uncovering the different cellular factors accessed by insulin and DNP to control glucose transport, the Thesis enhances our understanding of the diverse means employed by the muscle cell to control glucose homeostasis, and may have implications for the therapeutic treatment of diseases associated with impaired glucose utilization, such as Type 2 diabetes.
Multiple Mechanisms of Regulating Glucose Transporters and Glucose Transport in Skeletal Muscle Cells
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Multiple Mechanisms of Regulating Glucose Transporters and Glucose Transport in Skeletal Muscle Cells [microform]
Author: Zayna A. (Zayna Alice) Khayat
Publisher: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada
ISBN: 9780612635890
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 446
Book Description
Publisher: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada
ISBN: 9780612635890
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 446
Book Description
Insulin Action
Author: Ashok K. Srivastava
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780792381136
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 206
Book Description
In 1996 the 75th anniversary of the discovery of insulin was celebrated at the University of Toronto, the scene of that discovery in 1921. This volume was stimulated by the scientific program which was staged at that time and brought together much of the world's best talent to discuss and analyze the most recent developments in our understanding of pancreatic function, insulin secretion, the interaction of insulin with its target tissues, the mechanism of insulin action at the cellular level, and the defects which underlie both Type I (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM) and Type II (noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM) forms of the disease. We have chosen to focus the present volume on work related to insulin action.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780792381136
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 206
Book Description
In 1996 the 75th anniversary of the discovery of insulin was celebrated at the University of Toronto, the scene of that discovery in 1921. This volume was stimulated by the scientific program which was staged at that time and brought together much of the world's best talent to discuss and analyze the most recent developments in our understanding of pancreatic function, insulin secretion, the interaction of insulin with its target tissues, the mechanism of insulin action at the cellular level, and the defects which underlie both Type I (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM) and Type II (noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM) forms of the disease. We have chosen to focus the present volume on work related to insulin action.
Glucose Transport Into Skeletal Muscle
Author: Harriet Wallberg-Henriksson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biological transport
Languages : en
Pages : 92
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biological transport
Languages : en
Pages : 92
Book Description
Facilitative Glucose Transporters
Author: Gwyn W. Gould
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780412132919
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 270
Book Description
This book is a comprehensive text covering the major aspects of the cell and molecular biology of the facilitative glucose transporter family. The text reviews the biology and function of each family member, covers structure-function studies, the regulation of glucose transport by insulin and the consequence of diabetes and insulin resistance, discusses aspects of cellular signalling which control glucose transport, reviews the control of expression and function of GLUT2 in liver and pancreatic beta-cells, and reviews the effects of nutrients on the control of sugar transporter expression.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780412132919
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 270
Book Description
This book is a comprehensive text covering the major aspects of the cell and molecular biology of the facilitative glucose transporter family. The text reviews the biology and function of each family member, covers structure-function studies, the regulation of glucose transport by insulin and the consequence of diabetes and insulin resistance, discusses aspects of cellular signalling which control glucose transport, reviews the control of expression and function of GLUT2 in liver and pancreatic beta-cells, and reviews the effects of nutrients on the control of sugar transporter expression.
Mechanisms of Insulin Action
Author: Alan R. Saltiel
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9780387722030
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 214
Book Description
More than 18 million people in the United States have diabetes mellitus, and about 90% of these have the type 2 form of the disease. This book attempts to dissect the complexity of the molecular mechanisms of insulin action with a special emphasis on those features of the system that are subject to alteration in type 2 diabetes and other insulin resistant states. It explores insulin action at the most basic levels, through complex systems.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9780387722030
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 214
Book Description
More than 18 million people in the United States have diabetes mellitus, and about 90% of these have the type 2 form of the disease. This book attempts to dissect the complexity of the molecular mechanisms of insulin action with a special emphasis on those features of the system that are subject to alteration in type 2 diabetes and other insulin resistant states. It explores insulin action at the most basic levels, through complex systems.
In Vitro Studies of Human Skeletal Muscle
Author: Juleen R. Zierath
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biological transport
Languages : en
Pages : 100
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biological transport
Languages : en
Pages : 100
Book Description
Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biochemistry
Languages : de
Pages : 790
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biochemistry
Languages : de
Pages : 790
Book Description
The Scientist's Guide to Cardiac Metabolism
Author: Michael Schwarzer
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128026146
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 241
Book Description
The Scientists Guide to Cardiac Metabolism combines the basic concepts of substrate metabolism, regulation, and interaction within the cell and the organism to provide a comprehensive introduction into the basics of cardiac metabolism. This important reference is the perfect tool for newcomers in cardiac metabolism, providing a basic understanding of the metabolic processes and enabling the newcomer to immediately communicate with the expert as substrate/energy metabolism becomes part of projects. The book is written by established experts in the field, bringing together all the concepts of cardiac metabolism, its regulation, and the impact of disease. - Provides a quick and comprehensive introduction into cardiac metabolism - Contains an integrated view on cardiac metabolism and its interrelation in metabolism with other organs - Presents insights into substrate metabolism in relation to intracellular organization and structure as well as whole organ function - Includes historical perspectives that reference important investigators that have contributed to the development of the field
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128026146
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 241
Book Description
The Scientists Guide to Cardiac Metabolism combines the basic concepts of substrate metabolism, regulation, and interaction within the cell and the organism to provide a comprehensive introduction into the basics of cardiac metabolism. This important reference is the perfect tool for newcomers in cardiac metabolism, providing a basic understanding of the metabolic processes and enabling the newcomer to immediately communicate with the expert as substrate/energy metabolism becomes part of projects. The book is written by established experts in the field, bringing together all the concepts of cardiac metabolism, its regulation, and the impact of disease. - Provides a quick and comprehensive introduction into cardiac metabolism - Contains an integrated view on cardiac metabolism and its interrelation in metabolism with other organs - Presents insights into substrate metabolism in relation to intracellular organization and structure as well as whole organ function - Includes historical perspectives that reference important investigators that have contributed to the development of the field