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Author: John Hemming
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780500051634
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
A rich contribution to the understanding of Inca archaeology and architecture and an invaluable guide for visitors to Peru.
Author: John Hemming
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780500051634
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
A rich contribution to the understanding of Inca archaeology and architecture and an invaluable guide for visitors to Peru.
Author: John Hemming
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 228
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Book Description
Author: Ephraim George Squier
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
Author: Johan Reinhard
Publisher: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press
ISBN: 1938770927
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 201
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Book Description
Machu Picchu, recently voted one of the New Wonders of the World, is one of the world's most famous archaeological sites, yet it remains a mystery. Even the most basic questions are still unanswered: What was its meaning and why was it built in such a difficult location? Renowned explorer Johan Reinhard attempts to answer such elusive questions from the perspectives of sacred landscape and archaeoastronomy. Using information gathered from historical, archaeological, and ethnographical sources, Reinhard demonstrates how the site is situated in the center of sacred mountains and associated with a sacred river, which is in turn symbolically linked with the sun's passage. Taken together, these features meant that Machu Picchu formed a cosmological, hydrological, and sacred geological center for a vast region.
Author: Norah Romney
Publisher: DTTV PUBLICATIONS
ISBN:
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 225
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Book Description
There are a host of ancient ruins in South America, claimed by the Inca, inherited by the Inca, conquered by the Inca and built by the Inca. Although one label has stuck on each monument or ancient site, it is clear there are many layers of construction, physically and conceptually. Academics and Scholars still debate who built these, monuments, did they inherit them? Was there a Pre-Inca culture, but everyone can appreciate how advanced the ‘Inca Ancient Ruins’ found in the highlands of South America. The Inca were largest empire ever seen in the Americas and the largest in the world at that time, yet doubt is cast on their monuments and origins. Tiahuanaco, a region of Bolivia that holds many remnants of ancient civilizations, demonstrates some of the most unique and amazingly precise examples of stonework in the world. The ancient people who created these walls and buildings used such a high degree of mathematical expertise that the workmanship is astounding even to modern day people. They marvel at how the stone-cutters from long ago created all of it with simple hand tools.The high plains of Peru and Bolivia in the Andes Mountains holds a wealth of historical sites, each one more amazing than the next. Scholars and archaeologists had only seen the same type of masonry in ancient Egypt before this. Although some historians call this Inca architecture, this later time period civilization had little to do with creating these fantastic structures. The Incas dominated this area from approximately the 13th to 14th centuries AD up until the time of the Spanish explorers' conquest of the region. Indeed, they built some magnificent structures, but the ones most interesting for their precision and longevity came from even older groups. Some of these empires were called the Wari and the Tiahuanaco. They existed hundreds or even thousands of years before the Inca came to power.Multiple historians who specialize in architectural studies have dedicated a lot of their time and knowledge to figuring out how ancient groups of people who did not use advanced tools or even the wheel could create such structures. The most advanced chisels and hammers of the time would have been created from copper, stone, and wood. With these simple hand tools, people dug granite, andesite, and porphyry out of quarries. After transporting them to the final locations, they then carved them with smooth precision so they would fit together almost seamlessly.What techniques could these ancient experts use to make such flat and smooth surfaces, exact angles, and joints that would not allow a single blade of grass to squeeze between? Historians can only guess about some of the methods that allowed for such unique stone cutting and building styles.
Author: Edgar Alberto Rozas L.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Incas
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Book Description
Author: Miles Poindexter
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aryans
Languages : en
Pages : 374
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Book Description
Author: Edgar Alberto Rozas L.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Incas
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Johan Reinhard
Publisher: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology
ISBN:
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
The Incas carried out some of the most dramatic ceremonies known to us from ancient times. Groups of people walked hundreds of miles across arid and mountainous terrain to perform them on mountains over 6,096 m (20,000 feet) high. The most important offerings made during these pilgrimages involved human sacrifices (capacochas). Although Spanish chroniclers wrote about these offerings and the state sponsored processions of which they were a part, their accounts were based on second-hand sources, and the only direct evidence we have of the capacocha sacrifices comes to us from archaeological excavations. Some of the most thoroughly documented of these were undertaken on high mountain summits, where the material evidence has been exceptionally well preserved. In this study we describe the results of research undertaken on Mount Llullaillaco (6,739 m/22,109 feet), which has the world's highest archaeological site. The types of ruins and artifact assemblages recovered are described and analyzed. By comparing the archaeological evidence with the chroniclers' accounts and with findings from other mountaintop sites, common patterns are demonstrated; while at the same time previously little known elements contribute to our understanding of key aspects of Inca religion. This study illustrates the importance of archaeological sites being placed within the broader context of physical and sacred features of the natural landscape.
Author: Richard L. Burger
Publisher: Yale University Press
ISBN: 0300097638
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 252
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Book Description
Details the status of contemporary research on Incan civilization, and addresses mysteries of the founding and abandonment of Machu Picchu, charting its archaeological history from 1911 to the present.
