Method for Determining the Biodegradability of Surfactants PDF Download
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Author: Standards Association of Australia. Committee CH/11, Biodegradability of Detergents
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780726209277
Category : Surface active agents
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Book Description
Author: Standards Association of Australia. Committee CH/11, Biodegradability of Detergents
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780726209277
Category : Surface active agents
Languages : en
Pages : 40
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: D.R. Karsa
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401113483
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 269
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Book Description
The awareness and development of 'biodegradable' surfactants pre-dates current pressures by the environmental movement by nearly three decades, wherein a responsible industry mutually agreed to replace 'hard', non-biodegradable com ponents of household detergents by 'soft', biodegradable alternatives, without course to legislation. The only requirement at that time was for surfactants used in detergents to exhibit a 'primary biodegradability' in excess of 80%; this referring to the disap pearance or removal from solution of the intact surface active material as de tected by specified analytical techniques. This proved useful, as observed environmental impacts of surfactants, e.g. visible foam on rivers, are associated with the intact molecule. Test methods for 'primary biodegradability' were eventually enshrined in EU legislation for nonionic surfactants (Directive 821242/EEC, amended 73/404IEEC) and for anionic surfactants (Directive 8212431EEC, amended 73/405IEEC). No approved test methods and resultant legislation have been developed for cationic and amphoteric surfactants to date. The environmental classification of chemical substances, which of course includes surfactants, and associated risk assessment utilises a second criterion 'ready biodegradability'. This may be assessed by a number of methods which monitor oxygen uptake (BOD), carbon dioxide production or removal of dis solved organic carbon (DOC). Some surfactants which comply with the above Detergents Directive are borderline when it comes to 'ready biodegradability'.
Author: Rolando Chamy
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 953511154X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 382
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Book Description
This book contains a collection of different biodegradation research activities where biological processes take place. The book has two main sections: A) Polymers and Surfactants Biodegradation and B) Biodegradation: Microbial Behaviour.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 51
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Book Description
Author: www.1clicktong.com
Publisher: Risk Management 1 Click Tong
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
This standard specifies a method of the determination of primary biodegradabilty of surfactants by aerobic micro-organisma. This standard is applicabl to determination of biodegradability of anionic surfactants characterised by sulphate and sulphonate group;polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactants characterised by single EO chain with EO number ranging from 3 to 40,or multi EO chains(double,triple,quadruple EO chains)with total EO number ranging from 6 to 60;alkyl polyglycoside surfactants;cationic and amphoteric surfactants and surfactants capable of producing rich foam during test.This standard is also applicable to determination of the biodegradability of above surfactants in detergents.
Author: Robert Donald Swisher
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 524
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Book Description
Author: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Environment Directorate
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Detergents
Languages : en
Pages : 64
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Book Description
Author: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Environment Directorate
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 51
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Book Description
Author: Krister Holmberg
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0824756215
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 659
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Book Description
Holberg (materials and surface chemistry, Chalmers U. of Technology, Sweden) presents updated versions of the first edition's eleven chapters and includes six new chapters, mostly dealing with the concept of natural surfactants. Each chapter deals with a particular class of surfactant and is present.
Author: B. G. Brownlee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Detergents, Synthetic
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
"The biodegradability of three nonionic surfactants was determined at 20oC. The OECD screening method was used. Cultures were inoculated with secondary sewage effluent. Surfactant concentrations were measured by the Wickbold method consisting of solvent extraction by foam stripping, precipitation of surfactant with a bismuth reagent, and potentiometric determination of the bismuth. Degree of biodegradation decreased in the order: alcohol ethoxylate, nonylphenol ethoxylate, branched alkylphenol ethoxylate"--Summary.
