Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 9780128032008
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry III, Eight Volume Set provides a contemporary and forward-looking critical analysis and summary of recent developments, emerging trends, and recently identified new areas where medicinal chemistry is having an impact. The discipline of medicinal chemistry continues to evolve as it adapts to new opportunities and strives to solve new challenges. These include drug targeting, biomolecular therapeutics, development of chemical biology tools, data collection and analysis, in silico models as predictors for biological properties, identification and validation of new targets, approaches to quantify target engagement, new methods for synthesis of drug candidates such as green chemistry, development of novel scaffolds for drug discovery, and the role of regulatory agencies in drug discovery. Reviews the strategies, technologies, principles, and applications of modern medicinal chemistry Provides a global and current perspective of today's drug discovery process and discusses the major therapeutic classes and targets Includes a unique collection of case studies and personal assays reviewing the discovery and development of key drugs
Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry III
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 9780128032008
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry III, Eight Volume Set provides a contemporary and forward-looking critical analysis and summary of recent developments, emerging trends, and recently identified new areas where medicinal chemistry is having an impact. The discipline of medicinal chemistry continues to evolve as it adapts to new opportunities and strives to solve new challenges. These include drug targeting, biomolecular therapeutics, development of chemical biology tools, data collection and analysis, in silico models as predictors for biological properties, identification and validation of new targets, approaches to quantify target engagement, new methods for synthesis of drug candidates such as green chemistry, development of novel scaffolds for drug discovery, and the role of regulatory agencies in drug discovery. Reviews the strategies, technologies, principles, and applications of modern medicinal chemistry Provides a global and current perspective of today's drug discovery process and discusses the major therapeutic classes and targets Includes a unique collection of case studies and personal assays reviewing the discovery and development of key drugs
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 9780128032008
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry III, Eight Volume Set provides a contemporary and forward-looking critical analysis and summary of recent developments, emerging trends, and recently identified new areas where medicinal chemistry is having an impact. The discipline of medicinal chemistry continues to evolve as it adapts to new opportunities and strives to solve new challenges. These include drug targeting, biomolecular therapeutics, development of chemical biology tools, data collection and analysis, in silico models as predictors for biological properties, identification and validation of new targets, approaches to quantify target engagement, new methods for synthesis of drug candidates such as green chemistry, development of novel scaffolds for drug discovery, and the role of regulatory agencies in drug discovery. Reviews the strategies, technologies, principles, and applications of modern medicinal chemistry Provides a global and current perspective of today's drug discovery process and discusses the major therapeutic classes and targets Includes a unique collection of case studies and personal assays reviewing the discovery and development of key drugs
Medicinal Chemistry - III
Author: K G Bothara
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789386084460
Category : Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 148
Book Description
1 Narcotic analgesics 2 Anti inflammatory agents 3 Autacoids 4 Drugs acting on respiratory tract 5 Drugs acting on gastrointestinal tract Index
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789386084460
Category : Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 148
Book Description
1 Narcotic analgesics 2 Anti inflammatory agents 3 Autacoids 4 Drugs acting on respiratory tract 5 Drugs acting on gastrointestinal tract Index
Basic Concepts in Medicinal Chemistry
Author: Marc Harrold
Publisher: ASHP
ISBN: 1585283649
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 405
Book Description
Medicinal chemistry is a complex topic. Written in an easy to follow and conversational style, Basic Concepts in Medicinal Chemistry focuses on the fundamental concepts that govern the discipline of medicinal chemistry as well as how and why these concepts are essential to therapeutic decisions. The book emphasizes functional group analysis and the basics of drug structure evaluation. In a systematic fashion, learn how to identify and evaluate the functional groups that comprise the structure of a drug molecule and their influences on solubility, absorption, acid/base character, binding interactions, and stereochemical orientation. Relevant Phase I and Phase II metabolic transformations are also discussed for each functional group. Key features include: • Discussions on the roles and characteristics of organic functional groups, including the identification of acidic and basic functional groups. • How to solve problems involving pH, pKa, and ionization; salts and solubility; drug binding interactions; stereochemistry; and drug metabolism. • Numerous examples and expanded discussions for complex concepts. • Therapeutic examples that link the importance of medicinal chemistry to pharmacy and healthcare practice. • An overview of structure activity relationships (SARs) and concepts that govern drug design. • Review questions and practice problems at the end of each chapter that allow readers to test their understanding, with the answers provided in an appendix. Whether you are just starting your education toward a career in a healthcare field or need to brush up on your organic chemistry concepts, this book is here to help you navigate medicinal chemistry. About the Authors Marc W. Harrold, BS, Pharm, PhD, is Professor of Medicinal Chemistry at the Mylan School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA. Professor Harrold is the 2011 winner of the Omicron Delta Kappa "Teacher of the Year" award at Duquesne University. He is also the two-time winner of the "TOPS" (Teacher of the Pharmacy School) award at the Mylan School of Pharmacy. Robin M. Zavod, PhD, is Associate Professor for Pharmaceutical Sciences at the Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, where she was awarded the 2012 Outstanding Faculty of the Year award. Professor Zavod also serves on the adjunct faculty for Elmhurst College and the Illinois Institute of Technology. She currently serves as Editor-in-Chief of the journal Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning.
Publisher: ASHP
ISBN: 1585283649
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 405
Book Description
Medicinal chemistry is a complex topic. Written in an easy to follow and conversational style, Basic Concepts in Medicinal Chemistry focuses on the fundamental concepts that govern the discipline of medicinal chemistry as well as how and why these concepts are essential to therapeutic decisions. The book emphasizes functional group analysis and the basics of drug structure evaluation. In a systematic fashion, learn how to identify and evaluate the functional groups that comprise the structure of a drug molecule and their influences on solubility, absorption, acid/base character, binding interactions, and stereochemical orientation. Relevant Phase I and Phase II metabolic transformations are also discussed for each functional group. Key features include: • Discussions on the roles and characteristics of organic functional groups, including the identification of acidic and basic functional groups. • How to solve problems involving pH, pKa, and ionization; salts and solubility; drug binding interactions; stereochemistry; and drug metabolism. • Numerous examples and expanded discussions for complex concepts. • Therapeutic examples that link the importance of medicinal chemistry to pharmacy and healthcare practice. • An overview of structure activity relationships (SARs) and concepts that govern drug design. • Review questions and practice problems at the end of each chapter that allow readers to test their understanding, with the answers provided in an appendix. Whether you are just starting your education toward a career in a healthcare field or need to brush up on your organic chemistry concepts, this book is here to help you navigate medicinal chemistry. About the Authors Marc W. Harrold, BS, Pharm, PhD, is Professor of Medicinal Chemistry at the Mylan School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA. Professor Harrold is the 2011 winner of the Omicron Delta Kappa "Teacher of the Year" award at Duquesne University. He is also the two-time winner of the "TOPS" (Teacher of the Pharmacy School) award at the Mylan School of Pharmacy. Robin M. Zavod, PhD, is Associate Professor for Pharmaceutical Sciences at the Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, where she was awarded the 2012 Outstanding Faculty of the Year award. Professor Zavod also serves on the adjunct faculty for Elmhurst College and the Illinois Institute of Technology. She currently serves as Editor-in-Chief of the journal Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning.
The Practice of Medicinal Chemistry
Author: Camille Georges Wermuth
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 012417213X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 903
Book Description
The Practice of Medicinal Chemistry, Fourth Edition provides a practical and comprehensive overview of the daily issues facing pharmaceutical researchers and chemists. In addition to its thorough treatment of basic medicinal chemistry principles, this updated edition has been revised to provide new and expanded coverage of the latest technologies and approaches in drug discovery.With topics like high content screening, scoring, docking, binding free energy calculations, polypharmacology, QSAR, chemical collections and databases, and much more, this book is the go-to reference for all academic and pharmaceutical researchers who need a complete understanding of medicinal chemistry and its application to drug discovery and development. - Includes updated and expanded material on systems biology, chemogenomics, computer-aided drug design, and other important recent advances in the field - Incorporates extensive color figures, case studies, and practical examples to help users gain a further understanding of key concepts - Provides high-quality content in a comprehensive manner, including contributions from international chapter authors to illustrate the global nature of medicinal chemistry and drug development research - An image bank is available for instructors at www.textbooks.elsevier.com
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 012417213X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 903
Book Description
The Practice of Medicinal Chemistry, Fourth Edition provides a practical and comprehensive overview of the daily issues facing pharmaceutical researchers and chemists. In addition to its thorough treatment of basic medicinal chemistry principles, this updated edition has been revised to provide new and expanded coverage of the latest technologies and approaches in drug discovery.With topics like high content screening, scoring, docking, binding free energy calculations, polypharmacology, QSAR, chemical collections and databases, and much more, this book is the go-to reference for all academic and pharmaceutical researchers who need a complete understanding of medicinal chemistry and its application to drug discovery and development. - Includes updated and expanded material on systems biology, chemogenomics, computer-aided drug design, and other important recent advances in the field - Incorporates extensive color figures, case studies, and practical examples to help users gain a further understanding of key concepts - Provides high-quality content in a comprehensive manner, including contributions from international chapter authors to illustrate the global nature of medicinal chemistry and drug development research - An image bank is available for instructors at www.textbooks.elsevier.com
Textbook of Medicinal Chemistry Vol II - E-Book
Author: V Alagarsamy
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 813123259X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 833
Book Description
Dr Alagarsamy's Textbook of Medicinal Chemistry is a much-awaited masterpiece in its arena. Targeted mainly to B. Pharm. students, this book will also be useful for M. Pharm. as well as M. Sc. organic chemistry and pharmaceutical chemistry students. It aims at eliminating the inadequacies in teaching and learning of medicinal chemistry by providing enormous information on all the topics in medicinal chemistry of synthetic drugs. Salient Features Contains clear classification, synthetic schemes, mode of action, metabolism, assay, pharmacological uses with the dose and structure–activity relationship (SAR) of the following classes of drugs: Drugs acting on inflammation Drugs acting on respiratory system Drugs acting on digestive system Drugs acting on blood and blood-forming organs Drugs acting on endocrine system Contains a complete section on chemotherapy and the various classes of chemotherapeutic agents. Also includes recent topics like anti-HIV agents Contains brief introduction about the physiological and pathophysiological conditions of diseases and their treatment under each topic Provides well-illustrated synthetic schemes and alternative synthetic routes for majority of drugs that help in quick and enhanced understanding of the subject Covers the syllabi of majority of Indian universities
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 813123259X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 833
Book Description
Dr Alagarsamy's Textbook of Medicinal Chemistry is a much-awaited masterpiece in its arena. Targeted mainly to B. Pharm. students, this book will also be useful for M. Pharm. as well as M. Sc. organic chemistry and pharmaceutical chemistry students. It aims at eliminating the inadequacies in teaching and learning of medicinal chemistry by providing enormous information on all the topics in medicinal chemistry of synthetic drugs. Salient Features Contains clear classification, synthetic schemes, mode of action, metabolism, assay, pharmacological uses with the dose and structure–activity relationship (SAR) of the following classes of drugs: Drugs acting on inflammation Drugs acting on respiratory system Drugs acting on digestive system Drugs acting on blood and blood-forming organs Drugs acting on endocrine system Contains a complete section on chemotherapy and the various classes of chemotherapeutic agents. Also includes recent topics like anti-HIV agents Contains brief introduction about the physiological and pathophysiological conditions of diseases and their treatment under each topic Provides well-illustrated synthetic schemes and alternative synthetic routes for majority of drugs that help in quick and enhanced understanding of the subject Covers the syllabi of majority of Indian universities
Platform Technologies in Drug Discovery and Validation
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128130709
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 692
Book Description
Platform Technologies in Drug Discovery and Validation, Volume 50, the latest release in the Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry series, provides timely and critical reviews of important topics in medicinal chemistry, with an emphasis on emerging topics in the biological sciences. Topics covered in this new volume include DELT, Oligos: ASO, siRNA, CRISPR, Micro-fluidic chemistry, High throughput screening, Kinase-centric computational drug development, Virtual Screening, Phenotypic screening, PROTACS, Chemical Biology, Fragment-based lead generation, Antibody-Drug Conjugates, Antibody-recruiting small molecules, Deuteration, and Peptides. - Unique for its treatment of platform technologies for medicinal chemistry and target validation - Provides a single, rich volume that summaries a broad spectrum of expertise relevant to the field - Presents state-of-the-art summaries of platform technologies
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128130709
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 692
Book Description
Platform Technologies in Drug Discovery and Validation, Volume 50, the latest release in the Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry series, provides timely and critical reviews of important topics in medicinal chemistry, with an emphasis on emerging topics in the biological sciences. Topics covered in this new volume include DELT, Oligos: ASO, siRNA, CRISPR, Micro-fluidic chemistry, High throughput screening, Kinase-centric computational drug development, Virtual Screening, Phenotypic screening, PROTACS, Chemical Biology, Fragment-based lead generation, Antibody-Drug Conjugates, Antibody-recruiting small molecules, Deuteration, and Peptides. - Unique for its treatment of platform technologies for medicinal chemistry and target validation - Provides a single, rich volume that summaries a broad spectrum of expertise relevant to the field - Presents state-of-the-art summaries of platform technologies
Medicinal Chemistry
Author: Thomas Nogrady
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190282967
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 664
Book Description
Fully updated and rewritten by a basic scientist who is also a practicing physician, the third edition of this popular textbook remains comprehensive, authoritative and readable. Taking a receptor-based, target-centered approach, it presents the concepts central to the study of drug action in a logical, mechanistic way grounded on molecular and principles. Students of pharmacy, chemistry and pharmacology, as well as researchers interested in a better understanding of drug design, will find this book an invaluable resource. Starting with an overview of basic principles, Medicinal Chemistry examines the properties of drug molecules, the characteristics of drug receptors, and the nature of drug-receptor interactions. Then it systematically examines the various families of receptors involved in human disease and drug design. The first three classes of receptors are related to endogenous molecules: neurotransmitters, hormones and immunomodulators. Next, receptors associated with cellular organelles (mitochondria, cell nucleus), endogenous macromolecules (membrane proteins, cytoplasmic enzymes) and pathogens (viruses, bacteria) are examined. Through this evaluation of receptors, all the main types of human disease and all major categories of drugs are considered. There have been many changes in the third edition, including a new chapter on the immune system. Because of their increasingly prominent role in drug discovery, molecular modeling techniques, high throughput screening, neuropharmacology and genetics/genomics are given much more attention. The chapter on hormonal therapies has been thoroughly updated and re-organized. Emerging enzyme targets in drug design (e.g. kinases, caspases) are discussed, and recent information on voltage-gated and ligand-gated ion channels has been incorporated. The sections on antihypertensive, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiarrhythmic, and anticancer drugs, as well as treatments for hyperlipidemia and peptic ulcer, have been substantially expanded. One new feature will enhance the book's appeal to all readers: clinical-molecular interface sections that facilitate understanding of the treatment of human disease at a molecular level.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190282967
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 664
Book Description
Fully updated and rewritten by a basic scientist who is also a practicing physician, the third edition of this popular textbook remains comprehensive, authoritative and readable. Taking a receptor-based, target-centered approach, it presents the concepts central to the study of drug action in a logical, mechanistic way grounded on molecular and principles. Students of pharmacy, chemistry and pharmacology, as well as researchers interested in a better understanding of drug design, will find this book an invaluable resource. Starting with an overview of basic principles, Medicinal Chemistry examines the properties of drug molecules, the characteristics of drug receptors, and the nature of drug-receptor interactions. Then it systematically examines the various families of receptors involved in human disease and drug design. The first three classes of receptors are related to endogenous molecules: neurotransmitters, hormones and immunomodulators. Next, receptors associated with cellular organelles (mitochondria, cell nucleus), endogenous macromolecules (membrane proteins, cytoplasmic enzymes) and pathogens (viruses, bacteria) are examined. Through this evaluation of receptors, all the main types of human disease and all major categories of drugs are considered. There have been many changes in the third edition, including a new chapter on the immune system. Because of their increasingly prominent role in drug discovery, molecular modeling techniques, high throughput screening, neuropharmacology and genetics/genomics are given much more attention. The chapter on hormonal therapies has been thoroughly updated and re-organized. Emerging enzyme targets in drug design (e.g. kinases, caspases) are discussed, and recent information on voltage-gated and ligand-gated ion channels has been incorporated. The sections on antihypertensive, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiarrhythmic, and anticancer drugs, as well as treatments for hyperlipidemia and peptic ulcer, have been substantially expanded. One new feature will enhance the book's appeal to all readers: clinical-molecular interface sections that facilitate understanding of the treatment of human disease at a molecular level.
Natural Products in Medicinal Chemistry
Author: Stephen Hanessian
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527676554
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 652
Book Description
The inspiration provided by biologically active natural products to conceive of hybrids, congeners, analogs and unnatural variants is discussed by experts in the field in 16 highly informative chapters. Using well-documented studies over the past decade, this timely monograph demonstrates the current importance and future potential of natural products as starting points for the development of new drugs with improved properties over their progenitors. The examples are chosen so as to represent a wide range of natural products with therapeutic relevance among others, as anticancer agents, antimicrobials, antifungals, antisense nucleosides, antidiabetics, and analgesics. From the content: * Part I: Natural Products as Sources of Potential Drugs and Systematic Compound Collections * Part II: From Marketed Drugs to Designed Analogs and Clinical Candidates * Part III: Natural Products as an Incentive for Enabling Technologies * Part IV: Natural Products as Pharmacological Tools * Part V: Nature: The Provider, the Enticer, and the Healer
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527676554
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 652
Book Description
The inspiration provided by biologically active natural products to conceive of hybrids, congeners, analogs and unnatural variants is discussed by experts in the field in 16 highly informative chapters. Using well-documented studies over the past decade, this timely monograph demonstrates the current importance and future potential of natural products as starting points for the development of new drugs with improved properties over their progenitors. The examples are chosen so as to represent a wide range of natural products with therapeutic relevance among others, as anticancer agents, antimicrobials, antifungals, antisense nucleosides, antidiabetics, and analgesics. From the content: * Part I: Natural Products as Sources of Potential Drugs and Systematic Compound Collections * Part II: From Marketed Drugs to Designed Analogs and Clinical Candidates * Part III: Natural Products as an Incentive for Enabling Technologies * Part IV: Natural Products as Pharmacological Tools * Part V: Nature: The Provider, the Enticer, and the Healer
Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry III
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128032014
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 4609
Book Description
Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry III, Eight Volume Set provides a contemporary and forward-looking critical analysis and summary of recent developments, emerging trends, and recently identified new areas where medicinal chemistry is having an impact. The discipline of medicinal chemistry continues to evolve as it adapts to new opportunities and strives to solve new challenges. These include drug targeting, biomolecular therapeutics, development of chemical biology tools, data collection and analysis, in silico models as predictors for biological properties, identification and validation of new targets, approaches to quantify target engagement, new methods for synthesis of drug candidates such as green chemistry, development of novel scaffolds for drug discovery, and the role of regulatory agencies in drug discovery. Reviews the strategies, technologies, principles, and applications of modern medicinal chemistry Provides a global and current perspective of today's drug discovery process and discusses the major therapeutic classes and targets Includes a unique collection of case studies and personal assays reviewing the discovery and development of key drugs
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128032014
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 4609
Book Description
Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry III, Eight Volume Set provides a contemporary and forward-looking critical analysis and summary of recent developments, emerging trends, and recently identified new areas where medicinal chemistry is having an impact. The discipline of medicinal chemistry continues to evolve as it adapts to new opportunities and strives to solve new challenges. These include drug targeting, biomolecular therapeutics, development of chemical biology tools, data collection and analysis, in silico models as predictors for biological properties, identification and validation of new targets, approaches to quantify target engagement, new methods for synthesis of drug candidates such as green chemistry, development of novel scaffolds for drug discovery, and the role of regulatory agencies in drug discovery. Reviews the strategies, technologies, principles, and applications of modern medicinal chemistry Provides a global and current perspective of today's drug discovery process and discusses the major therapeutic classes and targets Includes a unique collection of case studies and personal assays reviewing the discovery and development of key drugs
A Textbook of Medicinal Chemistry III
Author: A Rajendiran, Ajay Kumar Gupta and Anju Singh
Publisher: Shashwat Publication
ISBN: 8119517997
Category : Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 186
Book Description
This textbook of Medicinal Chemistry is useful for all the disciplines, course and programs related to medicinal chemistry that involves the integration of principles of medicinal chemistry with pharmacology, pharmaceutics, and therapeutics into a multi-semester course called pharmacodynamics, pharmacotherapeutics, or another similar name. But this book is more precise for students of pharmaceutical sciences, with special emphasis on syllabus prescribed by Pharmacy Council of India (PCI) for undergraduate students of all Indian Universities. The chapters of this textbook include a combination of principles of pharmacology and medicinal chemistry, necessary for understanding structure–activity relationships (SAR) and mechanisms of drug action (MOA), the book should be useful in supporting courses in medicinal chemistry and in complementing pharmacology courses. The authors of this textbook of Medicinal Chemistry III are pharmacy professionals, and are influenced by respective academic backgrounds, with the objective of continuing the tradition of a modern textbook for undergraduate students and also for graduate students who need a general review of medicinal chemistry. We believe that our collaboration on this textbook represents a blending of our perspectives that will provide new dimensions of appreciation and better understanding for students of pharmaceutical sciences. Finally in writing this multi-authored textbook we have tried to simplify with consistent style in the respective chapters.
Publisher: Shashwat Publication
ISBN: 8119517997
Category : Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 186
Book Description
This textbook of Medicinal Chemistry is useful for all the disciplines, course and programs related to medicinal chemistry that involves the integration of principles of medicinal chemistry with pharmacology, pharmaceutics, and therapeutics into a multi-semester course called pharmacodynamics, pharmacotherapeutics, or another similar name. But this book is more precise for students of pharmaceutical sciences, with special emphasis on syllabus prescribed by Pharmacy Council of India (PCI) for undergraduate students of all Indian Universities. The chapters of this textbook include a combination of principles of pharmacology and medicinal chemistry, necessary for understanding structure–activity relationships (SAR) and mechanisms of drug action (MOA), the book should be useful in supporting courses in medicinal chemistry and in complementing pharmacology courses. The authors of this textbook of Medicinal Chemistry III are pharmacy professionals, and are influenced by respective academic backgrounds, with the objective of continuing the tradition of a modern textbook for undergraduate students and also for graduate students who need a general review of medicinal chemistry. We believe that our collaboration on this textbook represents a blending of our perspectives that will provide new dimensions of appreciation and better understanding for students of pharmaceutical sciences. Finally in writing this multi-authored textbook we have tried to simplify with consistent style in the respective chapters.