Material Property Modeling of Ground Tire - Recycled Polymer - Natural Fiber Composite PDF Download
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Author: Jaykumar Dineshkumar Patel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Composites made of thermoplastic with ground tire rubber (GTR) have attracted increasing interest as recycled rubber with reclaimed polymer offer advantages of better tensile properties, better toughness, low energy requirement for molding, more economical, and provides an opportunity to add value to disposed material. Thermoplastic material studied herein is primarily recycled linear low-density polyethylene (RLLDPE) from agricultural films with 10% being virgin LLDPE. The agricultural plastic obtained from scrap grain bags contain naturally oxidized macromolecules that provides better adhesion with GTR. In addition, hemp fiber processed from crop residue provides reinforcement to enhance the tensile strength and stiffness of the composite. The research characterizes the behavior of a value-added thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) of varying compositions of recycled thermoplastic, virgin thermoplastic, GTR, and natural fiber formed under different processing parameters. From the literature review examining value-added thermoplastic elastomer composites, sufficient data was obtained for conducting further analysis. Tensile properties (tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EB), Young's modulus (YM)) were identified as dependent variables. Processing parameters including GTR percentage (RP), fiber percentage (FP), GTR particle size (RS), compatibiliser percentage (CO%), type of blending (BT), type of specimen procedure (SP) along with properties of matrix material were identified as independent variable. Using multiple regression analysis with stepwise regression, statistical model with continuous and categorical independent ii variables having significant effect on the outcome variable were derived. Models were derived that explain the variations in each dependent variable with minimum error and higher correlation. Model verification was two-fold using test data from literature as well as experimental data. Both set of data compared favorably with values predicted by the model having coefficient of determination value higher than 0.75 for each property. The derived equations suggest that tensile properties have nonlinear relationship with the property parameters. Inverse correlation of tensile properties with GTR percentage and rubber size proves varying detrimental effect. Incorporating natural fiber up to 30% enhances the stiffness and tensile strength at the expense of about 90% reduction in elongation at break. Tensile properties of thermoplastic matrix were found to explain about 15% variation in tensile strength and stiffness of composite material. To validate the model with experimental data, tensile specimens were prepared by compression molding with GTR percentage ranging from 10% to 70%. The required properties were achieved by performing the tensile test following the ASTM D412-16 standard. The evaluation of experimental data revealed conformity with predicted data within the allowable error range. This research investigated the mechanical properties of value-added thermoplastic elastomer material and created statistical models for tensile properties. Using the well derived equation, engineers can select the material, their composition, and different processing parameters to achieve desired properties to manufacture products for various applications.
Author: Jaykumar Dineshkumar Patel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Composites made of thermoplastic with ground tire rubber (GTR) have attracted increasing interest as recycled rubber with reclaimed polymer offer advantages of better tensile properties, better toughness, low energy requirement for molding, more economical, and provides an opportunity to add value to disposed material. Thermoplastic material studied herein is primarily recycled linear low-density polyethylene (RLLDPE) from agricultural films with 10% being virgin LLDPE. The agricultural plastic obtained from scrap grain bags contain naturally oxidized macromolecules that provides better adhesion with GTR. In addition, hemp fiber processed from crop residue provides reinforcement to enhance the tensile strength and stiffness of the composite. The research characterizes the behavior of a value-added thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) of varying compositions of recycled thermoplastic, virgin thermoplastic, GTR, and natural fiber formed under different processing parameters. From the literature review examining value-added thermoplastic elastomer composites, sufficient data was obtained for conducting further analysis. Tensile properties (tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EB), Young's modulus (YM)) were identified as dependent variables. Processing parameters including GTR percentage (RP), fiber percentage (FP), GTR particle size (RS), compatibiliser percentage (CO%), type of blending (BT), type of specimen procedure (SP) along with properties of matrix material were identified as independent variable. Using multiple regression analysis with stepwise regression, statistical model with continuous and categorical independent ii variables having significant effect on the outcome variable were derived. Models were derived that explain the variations in each dependent variable with minimum error and higher correlation. Model verification was two-fold using test data from literature as well as experimental data. Both set of data compared favorably with values predicted by the model having coefficient of determination value higher than 0.75 for each property. The derived equations suggest that tensile properties have nonlinear relationship with the property parameters. Inverse correlation of tensile properties with GTR percentage and rubber size proves varying detrimental effect. Incorporating natural fiber up to 30% enhances the stiffness and tensile strength at the expense of about 90% reduction in elongation at break. Tensile properties of thermoplastic matrix were found to explain about 15% variation in tensile strength and stiffness of composite material. To validate the model with experimental data, tensile specimens were prepared by compression molding with GTR percentage ranging from 10% to 70%. The required properties were achieved by performing the tensile test following the ASTM D412-16 standard. The evaluation of experimental data revealed conformity with predicted data within the allowable error range. This research investigated the mechanical properties of value-added thermoplastic elastomer material and created statistical models for tensile properties. Using the well derived equation, engineers can select the material, their composition, and different processing parameters to achieve desired properties to manufacture products for various applications.
Author: Virender SIngh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The current generation is under extreme pressure to find an effective way for disposal of existing plastic and a suitable, sustainable alternatives for plastic. During the recent past, natural fiber reinforced recycled plastic composites (NFCs) have emerged as a lucrative option to not only increase the life cycle of waste plastic but also provide a market for agriculture waste by utilizing fibers from crops as a reinforcement for these composites. Changing weather conditions, varied geographical locations and different harvesting techniques results in inherently inconsistent mechanical properties of natural fibers resulting in varied mechanical properties for NFCs. The main focus presented herein involves critically analyzing available data on natural fiber composites to develop usable statistical models to predict major mechanical properties for producing engineering properties or standards related to natural fiber composites. Available literature was reviewed with usable data pertaining to tensile properties of NFCs extracted and analyzed to generate property trends relating material composition and manufacturing parameters. Polynomial regression models were derived for predicting these properties for various processing conditions. For statistical modelling, fiber fraction (FF in w/o ), matrix strength (MS), matrix modulus (MM), and matrix elongation (ME) were used as continuous predictors whereas, fiber length (FLtype), fiber type (Ftype), processing method (Prmethod), and treated (Tr) or untreated (UTr) were entered as categorical predictors to predict tensile strength (T.S), tensile modulus (TM), and total elongation (TE) of natural fiber composites. The regression equation for tensile strength is: T. S (MPa)0.5 = 2.016 + 0.0329 FF (w/o ) + 0.07332 MS (MPa) + 0.0 UTr + 0.3057 Tr + 0.0 FFlax + 0.028 FHemp + 0.210 FJute − 0.264 FSisal + 0 FLGround − 0.039 FLLong + 0.787 FLmat + 0.537 FLMedium + 0.081 FLShort + 0.0 PrCM − 0.820 PrHLU + 0.427 PrIM − 0.000551 (FF × FF) Similar equations for tensile modulus and total elongation were developed. Matrix strength (MS) and modulus (MM) were important predictors for predicting composite strength and modulus, and explained 82% and 60% of the variability, respectively. For elongation, the two major predictors, FLtype and ME, explained 60% of model variability and the contribution of FF was 20%. Model verification included test data set from the literature review and from experimental data of an innovative hemp fiber reinforced recycled grain bag composites manufactured for this thesis. The model accurately predicted within a 95% confidence interval. An effective tool for determining natural fiber composite properties was engineered. These property curves identified salient independent factors and can be used for engineering decisions pertaining to material selection, process selection, and other important design decisions during product development and production. Natural fiber composites can be effectively introduced as value added products from recycled plastic along with agricultural fibers for creating sustainable and more environmentally friendly economies with predictable mechanical properties.
Author: Navid Nikpour
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 65
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Book Description
This work aims at the production and characterization of hybrid composites based on a thermoplastic polymer (high density polyethylene, HDPE), a natural fiber (hemp) as reinforcement and ground tire rubber (GTR) as an impact modifier. The addition of a coupling agent (maleated polyethylene) is also investigated. The samples are compounded by twin-screw extrusion and produced by injection molding. From the samples obtained, a complete morphological and mechanical characterization is performed. The results show that good dispersion is obtained due to the selected processing conditions and good interfacial adhesion between all the phases is achieved due to the presence of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE). Finally, for selected mechanical properties, nonlinear regression models are proposed to predict and control the final properties of these compounds and comparisons are made based on the neat matrix properties.
Author: Yves Grohens
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1926895274
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 263
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Book Description
This important book is an overall analysis of different innovative methods and ways of recycling in connection with various types of materials. It aims to provide a basic understanding about polymer recycling and its reuse as well as presents an in-depth look at various recycling methods. It provides a thorough knowledge about the work being done in recycling in different parts of the world and throws light on areas that need to be further explored. Emphasizing eco-friendly methods and recovery of useful materials The book covers a wide variety of innovative recycling methods and research, including • Green methods of recycling • Effective conversion of biomass and municipal wastes to energy-generating systems • A catalyst for the reuse of glycerol byproduct • Methods of adsorption to treat wastewater and make it suitable for irrigation and other purposes • Disposal of sludge • The use of calcined clay to replace both fine and coarse aggregates • Recycling of rubbers • The production of a sorbent material for paper mill sludge • Replacing polypropylene absorbent in oil spill sanitations • The use of natural fibers for various industrial applications • Cashew nut shell liquid as a source of surface active reagents • Integrated power and cooling systems based on biomass • Recycling water from household laundering • much more
Author: Hanafi Ismail
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031370465
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 434
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Book Description
This book presents an authoritative account of the potential of recycled polymer blends and composites such as recycled rubber, Polypropylene, Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) (PVDF), polyhydroxybutyrate-3-valerate (PHBV), Polyethylene, and similar compounds, in polymer recycling industries. It highlights the latest research on fundamentals of recycled polymer blends and composites such as physical, chemical, mechanical and thermal properties and morphological studies. The book also provides a comprehensive state of the art review of recycling of polymer blends and composites for sustainability. Polymeric substances recycled from excess sludge in wastewater treatment plants, reinsertion of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) (PVDF), polyolefin and Polypropylene post-Industrial waste by primary recycling, as well as the recent development of biomass and COVID-19 plastic waste derived char filled natural starch biocomposite briquettes are also covered.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Polymers
Languages : en
Pages : 454
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Book Description
Author: Ahmed J. Obaid
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031570545
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 463
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Book Description
Author: Ibrahim M. Alarifi
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323993826
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 322
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Book Description
Advanced Hybrid Composite Materials and Their Applications provides a basic understanding of the engineering of hybrid composite materials. The main topics covered include the fundamental principles of hybrid composite materials, their properties, chemistry, fabrication, and applications. New and modern ways of synthetic engineering are also discussed in detail. The book brings together two very important classes of engineering materials and explains their properties in an easy-to-understand manner. It also covers the latest research outcomes and new technologies from synthetic processes right though to recent applications in different industrial sectors. This book will benefit those with no previous background knowledge as well as the expert working in this field. It will serve as a single comprehensive information resource on various types of engineering materials. - Covers fundamental principles, properties, fabrication and applications - Provides detailed information on various types of composite materials in a single resource - Covers the latest information and recent research outcomes
Author: Mohd Sapuan Salit
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319079441
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 393
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Book Description
Natural fibre composite is an emerging material that has great potential to be used in engineering application. Oil palm, sugar palm, bagasse, coir, banana stem, hemp, jute, sisal, kenaf, roselle, rice husk, betul nut husk and cocoa pod are among the natural fibres reported to be used as reinforcing materials in polymer composites. Natural fibre composites were used in many industries such as automotive, building, furniture, marine and aerospace industries. The advantages of natural fibre composites include low cost, renewable, abundance, light weight, less abrasive and they are suitable to be used in semi or non-structural engineering components. Research on various aspects of natural fibre composites such as characterization, determination of properties and design have been extensively carried out. However, publications that reported on research of manufacture of natural fibre composites are very limited. Specifically, although manufacturing methods of components from natural fibre composites are similar to those of components from conventional fibre composites such as glass, carbon and Kevlar fibres, modification of equipment used for conventional fibre composites may be required. This book fills the gap of knowledge in the field of natural fibre composites for the research community. Among the methods reported that are being used to produce components from natural fibre composites include hand lay-up, compression moulding, filament winding, injection moulding, resin transfer moulding, pultrusion and vacuum bag moulding. This book is also intended to address some research on secondary processing such as machining and laser welding of natural fibre composites. It is hoped that publication of this book will provide the readers new knowledge and understanding on the manufacture of natural fibre composites.
Author: A. P. Mouritz
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402053568
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 409
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Book Description
This book is the first to deal with the important topic of the fire behaviour of fibre reinforced polymer composite materials. The book covers all of the key issues on the behaviour of composites in a fire. Also covered are fire protection materials for composites, fire properties of nanocomposites, fire safety regulations and standards, fire test methods, and health hazards from burning composites.
