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Author: Meg Elizabeth Rithmire
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Macroeconomics
Languages : en
Pages : 45
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Book Description
A rich body of literature examines the politics of economic management and economic intervention in advanced industrial democracies. While all governments have monetary and fiscal tools, such as the manipulation of interest rates, exchange rates, and government spending, at their disposal to manage and smooth business cycles, they employ these tools in different ways for political reasons. This paper argues that the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has used the land supply as a key instrument of macro-economic regulation. The article draws on local and central documents to track, first, how, during the 1990s, land became the CCP's central means of macroeconomic management and, second, demonstrate the use of land as an economic policy tool. In particular, the article analyzes key episodes of macroeconomic policymaking to show the causal logic at work. In each instance, the CCP relied on manipulation of the national land supply and local land access to either stimulate economic growth or rein in an overheating economy. China's land institutions ones that share "complementarities" with fiscal and financial institutions and benefit powerful political actors while imposing costs on marginal ones.
Author: Meg Elizabeth Rithmire
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Macroeconomics
Languages : en
Pages : 45
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Book Description
A rich body of literature examines the politics of economic management and economic intervention in advanced industrial democracies. While all governments have monetary and fiscal tools, such as the manipulation of interest rates, exchange rates, and government spending, at their disposal to manage and smooth business cycles, they employ these tools in different ways for political reasons. This paper argues that the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has used the land supply as a key instrument of macro-economic regulation. The article draws on local and central documents to track, first, how, during the 1990s, land became the CCP's central means of macroeconomic management and, second, demonstrate the use of land as an economic policy tool. In particular, the article analyzes key episodes of macroeconomic policymaking to show the causal logic at work. In each instance, the CCP relied on manipulation of the national land supply and local land access to either stimulate economic growth or rein in an overheating economy. China's land institutions ones that share "complementarities" with fiscal and financial institutions and benefit powerful political actors while imposing costs on marginal ones.
Author: Denggao Long
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
ISBN: 9789819751112
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive study of land property rights and transaction systems in late imperial China, specifically during the period of 1560 – 1950. The book introduces the work of two key scholars working in Chinese economic history and land property history, synthesizing existing research with important new findings. The book traces the evolving nature of Chinese land property rights over time, discussing changing influences and contexts. It discusses the traditional role of small individual family farms and how these differed from the manor economy of early modern Europe, leading to a substantial middle class of peasant farmers with relative economic and social stability, as well as how this has uniquely shaped Chinese economic development in the long run. Chapters explore the different ways that private, corporate and state/publicly owned land co-existed in China during this period, with an in-depth examination of the impact of dian (conditional sale)and huomai (revocable sale) customs on the protection of smallholders in the face of advancing agricultural, technological and political reforms. The book also discusses the diversity of types of land transactions including sales, rent deposits, tenancies, and mortgages and how these changed in different dynasties, as well as the economic and political implications of the globalizing 20th-century and growth of the free market for Chinese property. Combining a long run perspective with highly detailed analysis of Chinese property customs, this book will be a valuable resource for economic historians, researchers of agricultural history, and those interested in the history of China.
Author: Kai Kajitani
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 981190202X
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 99
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Book Description
This book contains four research papers that clarify the issues behind China's rapid economic growth, using empirical studies. The book makes two distinctive points. First, it elucidates the unique economic development of China from a different perspective than the "state capitalism" theory, based on empirical research on the Chinese economy and politics with the cooperation of leading scholars. Second, the book paints a total picture of China through an interdisciplinary analysis of economics, politics, and history. Each chapter focuses on the political–economic context of China's rapid economic growth on the following basis. First, the authors analyze whether there is a clear difference in the labor distribution rate between state-owned and non-state-owned enterprises, using data from industrial enterprises. Second, they focus on Shenzhen as an innovation hub and examine sustainable innovation and its institutional context in China. Third, there is empirical clarification of questions by matching the databases of industrial enterprises and information on elected representatives of the Local People's Congress of Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province. Finally, the authors focus on the competition by local governments to attract companies by auctioning land usage rights.
Author: Meg E. Rithmire
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107117305
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 237
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Book Description
This book explains the origins of Chinese land politics and explores how property rights and urban growth strategies differ among Chinese cities.
Author: Mark Selden
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317455479
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 266
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Book Description
The first edition of "The Political Economy of Chinese Socialism" reconceptualized the political economy of China by highlighting the changing character of urban-rural and state-society conflicts in the era of Mao Zedong's leadership and in the contemporary post-Mao reforms. The economic and social crises that engulfed China - and indeed much of the rest of the socialist world - in the late 1980s, culminating in the 1989 democratic movement and its suppression, stimulated a rethinking of central propositions of the first edition. It particularly led the author to inquire anew into the meaning of socio-political as well as economic development in a populous and poor agrarian nation. This volume, then, assesses the economic performance and social consequences of China's political economy over four decades, with a focus on China's countryside and city-countryside relations. In addition to a reconceptualization and updating of the introductory chapter, there is a new chapter, "The Social Origins and Limits of the Chinese Democratic Movement".
Author: Susan H. Whiting
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521623223
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 370
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Book Description
This book focuses on China's rural industries, offering an innovative, theoretical framework to explain insitutional change. Susan Whiting explores the complex interactions of individuals, institutions, and the broader political economy to examine variation and change in property rights and extractive institutions in China's rural industrial sector. Whiting explains why public ownership predominated during the early years of reform and why privatization is now taking place. This book will be of interest not only to students and scholars of Chinese economic development, but also of comparative politics and political economy more generally.
Author: Meg E. Rithmire
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 131644533X
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 237
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Book Description
Land reforms have been critical to the development of Chinese capitalism over the last several decades, yet land in China remains publicly owned. This book explores the political logic of reforms to land ownership and control, accounting for how land development and real estate have become synonymous with economic growth and prosperity in China. Drawing on extensive fieldwork and archival research, the book tracks land reforms and urban development at the national level and in three cities in a single Chinese region. The study reveals that the initial liberalization of land was reversed after China's first contemporary real estate bubble in the early 1990s and that property rights arrangements at the local level varied widely according to different local strategies for economic prosperity and political stability. In particular, the author links fiscal relations and economic bases to property rights regimes, finding that more 'open' cities are subject to greater state control over land.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 282
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Book Description
Despite rapid economic growth, China has not embraced neoliberal economic prescriptions. Land reform is no exception: private land ownership continues to be outlawed; land use is restricted by administratively distributed land quotas; the land market (for transferring land use rights) is extremely segmented, with urban and rural land governed by significantly different systems of property rights. How has this land property rights regime impacted the political economy of development in China? I argue that land property rights arrangements create new untapped revenue sources, motivating local politicians to expropriate rural land. This expropriation is constrained, however, by the land quota system, imposed by the central state to preserve shrinking arable land. Variation in land endowment, interacting with the level of local economic development, produces variation in the cost of fulfilling land quota requirements. This in turn induces revenue-maximizing local officials to develop new forms of land-centered development strategies. Local governments develop cooperative relationships with one another to facilitate transferring land quotas from localities with land abundance to localities with land scarcity; they rationally allocate land quotas across economic sectors; and they provide social welfare benefits to villagers, particularly those who lose land, to ease land expropriation. These new development strategies promote land use efficiency, despite public land ownership. Even so, they disproportionally benefit the state vis-à-vis villagers, motivating the former to resist reforms that promote private land ownership. Consequently, the local state's dependence on land to generate revenue and intervene in the economy persists, creating land-locked development. I develop these arguments using a multiple-method strategy. Comparative case studies draw on in-depth political elite interviews and local government documents collected through substantial fieldwork. Statistical analysis exploits three datasets: the existing China Survey of individual households across China and two original datasets I constructed for samples of municipalities. Through an investigation of the relationship between land, revenues, and economic development strategies, this dissertation advances our understanding of Chinese political economy and challenges conventional wisdom that associates public ownership with inefficiency.
Author: Matthew Noellert
Publisher: University of Michigan Press
ISBN: 0472037986
Category : BUSINESS & ECONOMICS
Languages : en
Pages : 359
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Book Description
Provides an alternative to both capitalist and communist conceptions of modern historical development based on relations to property
Author: Yongnian Zheng
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 110847344X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 493
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Book Description
Uses the framework of 'market in state', to argue that the Chinese economy is state-centered, dominated by political principles over economic principles.
