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Author: United States. Federal Highway Administration. Region 10
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bridges
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: United States. Federal Highway Administration. Region 10
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bridges
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Paul Zia
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bridges
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Book Description
The major focus of this research was to validate the concept of connecting two adjacent simple-span girders with a link slab to form a jointless bridge deck so as to eliminate the standard deck joint between the girders. Laboratory tests were conducted on two large-scale specimens to study the performance of the link slab and the girders. The test results indicated that the contribution of link slab to structural continuity is negligible since the stiffness of the link slab is much less than that of the beams with composite decks. Therefore the beams can be treated as simply supported structures without considering the link slab. Furthermore, the stresses in the link slab are controlled primarily by the predominant bending effect due to the end rotations of the beams rather than the axial load effect. A simplified method of analysis is proposed in which the end rotations of the two adjacent girders under a given loading are determined first. Then the end rotations are imposed on the ends of the link slab and the induced moment in the link slab is thus calculated. A design guideline for the link slab is also proposed and illustrated by a design example. The reinforcement for the link slab is designed to control the crack width in the link slab according to the AASHTO criterion.
Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Costs of replacement and maintenance of expansion joints are often a large part of the costs associated with bridge maintenance. To replace these expansion joints or eliminate some of them on structures could greatly reduce the costs. Link slab is a new design approach, which could replace the traditional expansion joints. A link slab is the portion of the bridge deck that connects two adjacent simple-span girders. Link slabs also reduce the damage to the substructure of bridges due to water penetration and debris accumulation in the expansion joint. The objective of this research is to validate the design assumptions associated with designing link slabs, investigate a limit states design procedure and develop a program for the long-term monitoring of an instrumented link slab. This thesis provides details about testing and analysis, which were useful in accomplishing the research objectives. It also provides information about the datalogger software that was used in this project and also details the computer program that was written in Microsoft Excel to aid in the data collection and sorting.
Author: Martin P. Burke
Publisher: Transportation Research Board National Research
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 76
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This synthesis will be of interest to bridge designers, maintenance engineers, and others concerned with designing and maintaining bridge deck joints. Information is presented on the types of deck joints used in bridges and on the design of bridges without joints. Bridges are continually moving and thus need either some type of deck joint or an integral design to accommodate this movement. This report of the Transportation Research Board describes the types of deck joints being used, the problems with these joints, and how integral construction-- bridge decks without joints--can be used to avoid joints.
Author: William Zuk
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bridges
Languages : en
Pages : 21
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Presented is a summary of jointless bridge designs as twelve states; namely, California, Colorado, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Tennessee, Virginia, and Wisconsin. Most of these states use some form of integral abutments for their steel or concrete structures. Bridges of lengths up to about 600 ft. (180 m) constructed with integral abutments have performed satisfactorily over a number of years. Projected are jointless bridges over 900 ft. (270 m) in length.
Author: Mervyn J. Kowalsky
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bridges
Languages : en
Pages : 128
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Author: David J. Stringer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bridges
Languages : en
Pages : 135
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Bridges have traditionally relied on a system of expansion joints and flexible bearings to accommodate movements due to temperature, creep, and shrinkage loading. Joints and elements in their vicinity experience a high amount of degradation; thus modern design approaches are advocating their removal, with movement accommodated through flexible piles and abutment walls. While jointless bridges have been performing well, many of them suffer from widespread early-age transverse deck cracking. Restrained concrete shrinkage was identified as the most dominant source for the noted damage based on a literature review and a field investigation. Deck cracking is caused by the build-up of tensile forces resulting from the increased rigidity in jointless bridges. Experimentally calibrated finite-element models were used to predict deck cracking in two bridge systems under shrinkage-induced loading and a parametric study was conducted to investigate the influence of design parameters on restrained shrinkage cracking. Simulation results confirmed that the increase of system restraint increases the tendency for cracking. Models for steel and concrete beam bridges showed that both systems were equally susceptible to deck cracking due to restrained concrete shrinkage. The lowest amount of cracking was predicted for bridges with non-integral abutments, higher shear connector spacing, and a low-shrinkage concrete mix. Changing the deck reinforcement configuration had little effect on the predicted damage patterns. Use of a low-shrinkage concrete mix had the greatest impact on minimizing deck cracking. Overall, the computational simulations indicated that restrained shrinkage cracking in the decks of jointless bridges is unavoidable, but that modifying design details and improving concrete mixture designs can help reduce its extent.
Author: Haluk Aktan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Concrete bridges
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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A new bridge design and construction trend to help improve durability and rideability is to remove expansion joints over piers and abutments. One approach to achieve this is to make the deck continuous over the piers by means of a link slab while the girders remain simply supported. The need to implement link slabs is indicated by AASHTO LRFD section 2.5.2.4 which requires using a minimum number of expansion joints to improve rideability. Further, due to durability concerns associated with bridge deck joints, it is preferred to have a least number of joints or develop jointless decks. The expansion joints over the abutments can be removed by one of three methods: deck sliding over back wall, semi-integral abutments, and integral abutments. This results in expansion joints at either or both ends of the approaches. The design concerns other than link slab include backwall and wing-wall design and bearing movement. The behavior of a jointless bridge brings about many challenges to bridge designers. The complexity is augmented when skew is involved. This report complements an earlier report based on previous research on Combining Link Slab, Deck Sliding Over Backwall and Revising Bearings (Aktan et al., 2008) where the behavior of straight and moderately skew (skew 200) link slab bridges were investigated and design recommendations were developed. This report describes the behavior and performance of high skew (skew 200) jointless bridges with link slabs and two abutment configurations. These abutment configurations are deck sliding over backwall and backwall sliding over abutments (i.e. semi-integral abutments). Four tasks were performed in this project. The first task was to review and synthesize information related to the behavior, performance, design, and analysis of skew bridges. The second task was field assessment of skew bridge behavior under static truck loads and thermal loads. The third task was analytical and numerical analysis of skew link slabs. The final task was analytical and numerical analysis of skew sliding deck over backwall systems and semi-integral abutments. Design recommendations are developed based on literature, field assessment data analysis, finite element modeling, and subsequent simulations of the numerous models developed in this project. One recommendation deals with the skew link slab design and the remaining recommendations are for bearing selection and selection and design of a transverse restraint system at abutments of skew link slab bridges.
Author: Ronald L. Purvis
Publisher: Transportation Research Board
ISBN: 0309069572
Category : Bridges
Languages : en
Pages : 58
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Book Description
TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 319: Bridge Deck Joint Performance presents the state of the practice on commonly used expansion joint systems in bridges by summarizing performance data for each system type and by providing examples of selection criteria and design guidelines.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bridges
Languages : en
Pages : 192
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