Isobutane/1-butene alkylation over acid zeolites PDF Download
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Author: Raf Loenders
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 129
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Author: Raf Loenders
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 129
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Author: Gregorio R. Alvarez Contreras
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alkylation
Languages : en
Pages : 380
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Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Chin-Huang Liang
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ISBN:
Category : Alkylation
Languages : en
Pages : 201
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Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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The alkylation of isobutane with light olefins is a reaction of considerable interest and plays an important role in the petroleum industry, since it produces branched C 8 paraffins that inherently possess higher octane number. However, current processes with HF and H 2 SO 4 have been limited due to their toxic nature. For this reason, the replacement of these catalysts with clean catalyst is favorable. One of clean catalysts, ZSM-12 zeolite was prepared using TEA + as organic template. Among the various parameters that affect the crystallization of ZSM-12, aluminum content of the gel, OH-/SiO 2 and TEA + /SiO 2 ratios were the important determinants. Aluminum rich ZSM-12 with Si/Al ratio of 30 was successfully synthesized. Alkylation of isobutane with 2-butene was carried out over large pore zeolites with various pore structures. Under identical reaction conditions, Beta and ZSM-12 were shown to outperform other zeolites. This higher stability is believed to be a result of their specific pore architecture. For the selectivity toward the individual TMP and DMH compounds, pore architecture also plays a significant role in determining these selectivities. The influence of Si/Al ratios has been studied using directly synthesized beta zeolites. The zeolites prepared possess comparable structural properties but differ in acid site density. In contrast to the common belief that a higher aluminum content zeolite is more stable, optimum Si/Al ratios of beta was observed. This unpredicted result could be attributed to the existence of an optimal level of acidity, which minimizes the formation of coking materials. The deactivation pathway of one-dimensional zeolites, namely LTL and ZSM-12, has been investigated. During the reaction, both zeolites displayed different product distribution with loss of catalytic activity. The results supported the fact that LTL deactivated mainly by pore blockage but ZSM-12 deactivated due to site coverage. A study of the alkylation in ionic liquid has been conducted using in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium halides-aluminum chloride encompassing various alkyl-group (butyl-, hexyl- and octyl- ) and halides (Cl, Br and I) on its cation and anion, respectively. Among the ionic liquids, [C 8 mim]Br-AlCl 3 showed outstanding catalytic performance, due to the higher inherent acidity and solubility relative to others.
Author: Lien-Mow Lee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alkylation
Languages : en
Pages : 174
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Author: Iain Hunter Stewart
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Gabriel Mauricio Santana Castro
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780599738003
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 193
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Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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The aim of this thesis was to understand the routes of deactivation of iso-butane / 2-butene alkylation on faujasitic zeolites and to correlate the alkylation performance with the physicochemical properties of the zeolite used. It was also under the scope of this thesis, to propose a reaction/regeneration mechanism that ensures a successful and continuous operation. It could be shown that the avoidance of structural damage occurring during the modification procedure is the key factor for suitable alkylation catalyst. A successful catalyst for alkylation has to posses a high concentration of strong Brønsted acid sites and a low concentration of Lewis acid sites. It could be shown that during the alkylation reaction a high quality alkylate was produced that was practically free of unsaturated compounds and aromatics, even at times close to deactivation. It could be shown that the accumulated deposits in the pores of the catalyst were mainly formed by highly branched paraffinic compounds following a (CH2)3 series and with molecular weights from 128 g/mol to 548 g/mol. The deposits formed inside the pores of the catalyst were a result of propene oligomerization. Superior catalysts showed lower masses in the deposits with a maximum at C12-C15 while inferior catalysts showed a maximum at C24-C27. Low amounts of olefins and aromatics were also found in the deposits. Small amounts of C12H26 and C16H34 from multiple alkylation were also detected in the deposits. Cyclic compounds and aromatics were formed on the surface of the catalyst as observed by MALDI-TOF. These types of compounds were not detected when the zeolite was dissolved in HF and the coke molecules extracted with methylene chloride. Therefore, their concentration was low within the total concentration of deposits. These types of molecules were responsible for pore mouth plugging on the surface of the catalyst. The size of the molecules detected by MALDI- TOF increased with time-on-stream for all catalyst. They w.
Author: Alexander Guzmán Monsalve
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 194
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