Author: DK
Publisher: Penguin
ISBN: 146544808X
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 19
Book Description
In Encyclopedia of Places, young readers will learn about the areas of the world, from the dry deserts to the cold tundra. This book includes beautiful photography of places and the common things those places contain. This 38-word book includes an index and discussion questions. It also introduces the concept of an encyclopedia to young learners. Grade: Kindergarten Subject: Geography Genre: Reference Comprehension Skill/Strategy: Classify/Categorize Diagnostic Reading Assessment (DRA/EDL): 4 Guided Reading Level: C Lexile Level: 4 DK's iOpeners equip K-6 students with the skills and strategies they need to access and comprehend nonfiction so that they are not only learning to read but reading to learn. The combination of high-interest content and eye-popping photography of iOpeners brings science and social studies topics to life, raises student achievement in reading, and boosts standardized test scores.
iOpener: Encyclopedia of Places
Author: DK
Publisher: Penguin
ISBN: 146544808X
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 19
Book Description
In Encyclopedia of Places, young readers will learn about the areas of the world, from the dry deserts to the cold tundra. This book includes beautiful photography of places and the common things those places contain. This 38-word book includes an index and discussion questions. It also introduces the concept of an encyclopedia to young learners. Grade: Kindergarten Subject: Geography Genre: Reference Comprehension Skill/Strategy: Classify/Categorize Diagnostic Reading Assessment (DRA/EDL): 4 Guided Reading Level: C Lexile Level: 4 DK's iOpeners equip K-6 students with the skills and strategies they need to access and comprehend nonfiction so that they are not only learning to read but reading to learn. The combination of high-interest content and eye-popping photography of iOpeners brings science and social studies topics to life, raises student achievement in reading, and boosts standardized test scores.
Publisher: Penguin
ISBN: 146544808X
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 19
Book Description
In Encyclopedia of Places, young readers will learn about the areas of the world, from the dry deserts to the cold tundra. This book includes beautiful photography of places and the common things those places contain. This 38-word book includes an index and discussion questions. It also introduces the concept of an encyclopedia to young learners. Grade: Kindergarten Subject: Geography Genre: Reference Comprehension Skill/Strategy: Classify/Categorize Diagnostic Reading Assessment (DRA/EDL): 4 Guided Reading Level: C Lexile Level: 4 DK's iOpeners equip K-6 students with the skills and strategies they need to access and comprehend nonfiction so that they are not only learning to read but reading to learn. The combination of high-interest content and eye-popping photography of iOpeners brings science and social studies topics to life, raises student achievement in reading, and boosts standardized test scores.
iOpener: Encyclopedia of Early Peoples
Author: Richard C. Lawrence
Publisher: Penguin
ISBN: 1465446834
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 43
Book Description
This mini-encyclopedia covers key terms and topics about early peoples and their cultures, artifacts, locations, and practices. Timelines, maps, and photographs bring the subject to life, while a glossary, an index, and discussion questions aid in reading comprehension. Grade: 6 Subject: World Cultures Genre: Reference Comprehension Skill/Strategy: Identify Text Organization and Structure Diagnostic Reading Assessment (DRA): 60 Guided Reading Level: V Lexile Level: 980L DK's iOpeners equip K-6 students with the skills and strategies they need to access and comprehend nonfiction so that they are not only learning to read but reading to learn. The combination of high-interest content and eye-popping photography of iOpeners brings science, math and social studies topics to life, raises student achievement in reading, and boosts standardized test scores.
Publisher: Penguin
ISBN: 1465446834
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 43
Book Description
This mini-encyclopedia covers key terms and topics about early peoples and their cultures, artifacts, locations, and practices. Timelines, maps, and photographs bring the subject to life, while a glossary, an index, and discussion questions aid in reading comprehension. Grade: 6 Subject: World Cultures Genre: Reference Comprehension Skill/Strategy: Identify Text Organization and Structure Diagnostic Reading Assessment (DRA): 60 Guided Reading Level: V Lexile Level: 980L DK's iOpeners equip K-6 students with the skills and strategies they need to access and comprehend nonfiction so that they are not only learning to read but reading to learn. The combination of high-interest content and eye-popping photography of iOpeners brings science, math and social studies topics to life, raises student achievement in reading, and boosts standardized test scores.
Multiword expressions
Author: Manfred Sailer
Publisher: Language Science Press
ISBN: 3961100632
Category : Bilingualism
Languages : en
Pages : 376
Book Description
Multiword expressions (MWEs) are a challenge for both the natural language applications and the linguistic theory because they often defy the application of the machinery developed for free combinations where the default is that the meaning of an utterance can be predicted from its structure. There is a rich body of primarily descriptive work on MWEs for many European languages but comparative work is little. The volume brings together MWE experts to explore the benefits of a multilingual perspective on MWEs. The ten contributions in this volume look at MWEs in Bulgarian, English, French, German, Maori, Modern Greek, Romanian, Serbian, and Spanish. They discuss prominent issues in MWE research such as classification of MWEs, their formal grammatical modeling, and the description of individual MWE types from the point of view of different theoretical frameworks, such as Dependency Grammar, Generative Grammar, Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar, Lexical Functional Grammar, Lexicon Grammar.
Publisher: Language Science Press
ISBN: 3961100632
Category : Bilingualism
Languages : en
Pages : 376
Book Description
Multiword expressions (MWEs) are a challenge for both the natural language applications and the linguistic theory because they often defy the application of the machinery developed for free combinations where the default is that the meaning of an utterance can be predicted from its structure. There is a rich body of primarily descriptive work on MWEs for many European languages but comparative work is little. The volume brings together MWE experts to explore the benefits of a multilingual perspective on MWEs. The ten contributions in this volume look at MWEs in Bulgarian, English, French, German, Maori, Modern Greek, Romanian, Serbian, and Spanish. They discuss prominent issues in MWE research such as classification of MWEs, their formal grammatical modeling, and the description of individual MWE types from the point of view of different theoretical frameworks, such as Dependency Grammar, Generative Grammar, Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar, Lexical Functional Grammar, Lexicon Grammar.
Seven Disciplines of A Leader
Author: Jeff Wolf
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119003954
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 309
Book Description
Recognize, develop, and embody great leadership Seven Disciplines of A Leader is a comprehensive manual for building better leaders. Author and executive coach Jeff Wolf is a respected authority on leadership, and his strategies and inspiration have fostered dramatic growth in some of the nation's top companies. In this book, he shares the secrets of great leadership to help readers align professional development and exemplify these traits themselves. Each of the Disciplines is valuable on its own, but together they add up to more than a sum of their parts, and work synergistically to propel leaders to higher and higher effectiveness and companies to better and better business. From initiative, to planning, to community service, readers will gain deep insight into what separates the good from the great, and how organizations can nurture these qualities in their employees with leadership potential. A good leader gets results, but a great leader inspires every single member of the team to reach their utmost potential every single time. A great leader makes everyone shine, and provides the vision, the tools, and the support people need to do their very best work. This book describes how it's done, and how greatness can be learned. Discover the traits that make leaders great Align leadership development training to maximize potential Foster the right attitudes and behaviors for better outcomes Build a culture of sustainable success that permeates the organization Individual achievement is great, but fostering a culture of achievement sends business into the future on an upward trajectory. It's more than just a single inspired employee; it's about recognizing the signs of potential leadership and nurturing them to fruition throughout the organization. Seven Disciplines of A Leader is the field guide to great leadership.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119003954
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 309
Book Description
Recognize, develop, and embody great leadership Seven Disciplines of A Leader is a comprehensive manual for building better leaders. Author and executive coach Jeff Wolf is a respected authority on leadership, and his strategies and inspiration have fostered dramatic growth in some of the nation's top companies. In this book, he shares the secrets of great leadership to help readers align professional development and exemplify these traits themselves. Each of the Disciplines is valuable on its own, but together they add up to more than a sum of their parts, and work synergistically to propel leaders to higher and higher effectiveness and companies to better and better business. From initiative, to planning, to community service, readers will gain deep insight into what separates the good from the great, and how organizations can nurture these qualities in their employees with leadership potential. A good leader gets results, but a great leader inspires every single member of the team to reach their utmost potential every single time. A great leader makes everyone shine, and provides the vision, the tools, and the support people need to do their very best work. This book describes how it's done, and how greatness can be learned. Discover the traits that make leaders great Align leadership development training to maximize potential Foster the right attitudes and behaviors for better outcomes Build a culture of sustainable success that permeates the organization Individual achievement is great, but fostering a culture of achievement sends business into the future on an upward trajectory. It's more than just a single inspired employee; it's about recognizing the signs of potential leadership and nurturing them to fruition throughout the organization. Seven Disciplines of A Leader is the field guide to great leadership.
The History Book
Author: Dorling Kindersley Publishing Staff
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780241225929
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Learn about the origins of our species and all things revolution in The History Book. Part of the fascinating Big Ideas series, this book tackles tricky topics and themes in a simple and easy to follow format. Learn about History in this overview guide to the subject, brilliant for novices looking to find out more and experts wishing to refresh their knowledge alike! The History Book brings a fresh and vibrant take on the topic through eye-catching graphics and diagrams to immerse yourself in. This captivating book will broaden your understanding of History, with: - Easy to navigate step-by-step summaries that explain each historical theme - Packed with facts, charts, timelines and graphs to help explain core concepts - A visual approach to big subjects with striking illustrations and graphics throughout - Easy to follow text makes topics accessible for people at any level of understanding The History Book is a captivating introduction to the key events that have shaped society, from the dawn of civilization to the modern culture of today. Here you'll discover the stories of important historical events and turning points, and the leaders, thinkers, and heroes involved, through exciting text and bold graphics. Your History Questions, Simply Explained This book will outline big ideas, themes and events of world history, from the founding of Baghdad and the colonisation of the Americas, to the inception of Buddhism. If you thought it was difficult to learn about the milestones that have shaped civilization, The History Book presents key information in a clear layout. Here you'll learn about early humans, the empires of ancient history, the voyages of discovery to the tumultuous birth of nationalism, and the violence of two world wars. The Big Ideas Series With millions of copies sold worldwide, The History Book is part of the award-winning Big Ideas series from DK. The series uses striking graphics along with engaging writing, making big topics easy to understand.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780241225929
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Learn about the origins of our species and all things revolution in The History Book. Part of the fascinating Big Ideas series, this book tackles tricky topics and themes in a simple and easy to follow format. Learn about History in this overview guide to the subject, brilliant for novices looking to find out more and experts wishing to refresh their knowledge alike! The History Book brings a fresh and vibrant take on the topic through eye-catching graphics and diagrams to immerse yourself in. This captivating book will broaden your understanding of History, with: - Easy to navigate step-by-step summaries that explain each historical theme - Packed with facts, charts, timelines and graphs to help explain core concepts - A visual approach to big subjects with striking illustrations and graphics throughout - Easy to follow text makes topics accessible for people at any level of understanding The History Book is a captivating introduction to the key events that have shaped society, from the dawn of civilization to the modern culture of today. Here you'll discover the stories of important historical events and turning points, and the leaders, thinkers, and heroes involved, through exciting text and bold graphics. Your History Questions, Simply Explained This book will outline big ideas, themes and events of world history, from the founding of Baghdad and the colonisation of the Americas, to the inception of Buddhism. If you thought it was difficult to learn about the milestones that have shaped civilization, The History Book presents key information in a clear layout. Here you'll learn about early humans, the empires of ancient history, the voyages of discovery to the tumultuous birth of nationalism, and the violence of two world wars. The Big Ideas Series With millions of copies sold worldwide, The History Book is part of the award-winning Big Ideas series from DK. The series uses striking graphics along with engaging writing, making big topics easy to understand.
Language Technology for Cultural Heritage
Author: Caroline Sporleder
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642202276
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 252
Book Description
The digital age has had a profound effect on our cultural heritage and the academic research that studies it. Staggering amounts of objects, many of them of a textual nature, are being digitised to make them more readily accessible to both experts and laypersons. Besides a vast potential for more effective and efficient preservation, management, and presentation, digitisation offers opportunities to work with cultural heritage data in ways that were never feasible or even imagined. To explore and exploit these possibilities, an interdisciplinary approach is needed, bringing together experts from cultural heritage, the social sciences and humanities on the one hand, and information technology on the other. Due to a prevalence of textual data in these domains, language technology has a crucial role to play in this endeavour. Language technology can break through the "Google barrier" by offering the potential to analyse texts at advanced levels, extracting information and knowledge at the level of the humanities or social sciences researcher, who wants to know about the who, what, where, and when, but also the how and the why. At the same time cultural heritage data poses considerable challenges for existing language technology: technology aimed at "generic" language has to face such disparate problems as historical language variation, OCR digitisation errors, and near-extinct academic expertise. This book is primarily intended for researchers in information technology and language processing who would like to receive a state-of-the-art overview of the whole breadth of the new and vibrant field of language technology for cultural heritage and its associated academic research in the humanities and social sciences. Researchers working in the target domains of cultural heritage, the social sciences and humanities will also find this book useful, as it provides an overview of how language technology can help them with their information needs. The book covers applications ranging from pre-processing and data cleaning, to the adaptation and compilation of linguistic resources, to personalisation, narrative analysis, visualisation and retrieval.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642202276
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 252
Book Description
The digital age has had a profound effect on our cultural heritage and the academic research that studies it. Staggering amounts of objects, many of them of a textual nature, are being digitised to make them more readily accessible to both experts and laypersons. Besides a vast potential for more effective and efficient preservation, management, and presentation, digitisation offers opportunities to work with cultural heritage data in ways that were never feasible or even imagined. To explore and exploit these possibilities, an interdisciplinary approach is needed, bringing together experts from cultural heritage, the social sciences and humanities on the one hand, and information technology on the other. Due to a prevalence of textual data in these domains, language technology has a crucial role to play in this endeavour. Language technology can break through the "Google barrier" by offering the potential to analyse texts at advanced levels, extracting information and knowledge at the level of the humanities or social sciences researcher, who wants to know about the who, what, where, and when, but also the how and the why. At the same time cultural heritage data poses considerable challenges for existing language technology: technology aimed at "generic" language has to face such disparate problems as historical language variation, OCR digitisation errors, and near-extinct academic expertise. This book is primarily intended for researchers in information technology and language processing who would like to receive a state-of-the-art overview of the whole breadth of the new and vibrant field of language technology for cultural heritage and its associated academic research in the humanities and social sciences. Researchers working in the target domains of cultural heritage, the social sciences and humanities will also find this book useful, as it provides an overview of how language technology can help them with their information needs. The book covers applications ranging from pre-processing and data cleaning, to the adaptation and compilation of linguistic resources, to personalisation, narrative analysis, visualisation and retrieval.
Knowledge Management Tools and Techniques
Author: Madanmohan Rao
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 113638961X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 444
Book Description
Knowledge management (KM) - or the practice of using information and collaboration technologies and processes to capture organizational learning and thereby improve business performance - is becoming one of the key disciplines in management, especially in large companies. Many books, magazines, conferences, vendors, consultancies, Web sites, online communities and email lists have been formed around this concept. This practical book focuses on the vast offerings of KM solutions—technology, content, and services. The focus is not on technology details, but on how KM and IT practitioners actually use KM tools and techniques. Over twenty case studies describe the real story of choosing and implementing various KM tools and techniques, and experts analyse the trends in the evolution of these technologies and tools, along with opportunities and challenges facing companies harnessing them. Lessons from successes and failures are drawn, along with roadmaps for companies beginning or expanding their KM practice. The introductory chapter presents a taxonomy of KM tools, identifies IT implications of KM practices, highlights lessons learned, and provides tips and recommendations for companies using these tools. Relevant literature on KM practices and key findings of market research groups and industry consortia such as IDC, Gartner and APQC, are presented. The majority of the book is devoted to case studies, featuring clients and vendors along the entire spectrum of solutions: hardware (e.g. handheld/wearable devices), software (e.g. analytics, collaboration, document management) and content (e.g. newsfeeds, market research). Each chapter is structured along the "8Cs" framework developed by the author: connectivity, content, community, commerce, community, capacity, culture, cooperation and capital. In other words, each chapter addresses how appropriate KM tools and technologies help a company on specific fronts such as fostering adequate employee access to knowledge bodies, user-friendly work-oriented content, communities of practice, a culture of knowledge, learning capacity, a spirit of cooperation, commercial and other incentives, and carefully measured capital investments and returns. Vendor history, product/service offerings, implementation details, client testimonials, ROI reports, and future trends are highlighted. Experts in the field then provide third-party analysis on trends in KM tools and technique areas, and recommendations for KM practitioners.
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 113638961X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 444
Book Description
Knowledge management (KM) - or the practice of using information and collaboration technologies and processes to capture organizational learning and thereby improve business performance - is becoming one of the key disciplines in management, especially in large companies. Many books, magazines, conferences, vendors, consultancies, Web sites, online communities and email lists have been formed around this concept. This practical book focuses on the vast offerings of KM solutions—technology, content, and services. The focus is not on technology details, but on how KM and IT practitioners actually use KM tools and techniques. Over twenty case studies describe the real story of choosing and implementing various KM tools and techniques, and experts analyse the trends in the evolution of these technologies and tools, along with opportunities and challenges facing companies harnessing them. Lessons from successes and failures are drawn, along with roadmaps for companies beginning or expanding their KM practice. The introductory chapter presents a taxonomy of KM tools, identifies IT implications of KM practices, highlights lessons learned, and provides tips and recommendations for companies using these tools. Relevant literature on KM practices and key findings of market research groups and industry consortia such as IDC, Gartner and APQC, are presented. The majority of the book is devoted to case studies, featuring clients and vendors along the entire spectrum of solutions: hardware (e.g. handheld/wearable devices), software (e.g. analytics, collaboration, document management) and content (e.g. newsfeeds, market research). Each chapter is structured along the "8Cs" framework developed by the author: connectivity, content, community, commerce, community, capacity, culture, cooperation and capital. In other words, each chapter addresses how appropriate KM tools and technologies help a company on specific fronts such as fostering adequate employee access to knowledge bodies, user-friendly work-oriented content, communities of practice, a culture of knowledge, learning capacity, a spirit of cooperation, commercial and other incentives, and carefully measured capital investments and returns. Vendor history, product/service offerings, implementation details, client testimonials, ROI reports, and future trends are highlighted. Experts in the field then provide third-party analysis on trends in KM tools and technique areas, and recommendations for KM practitioners.
The History Book
Author: DK
Publisher: Penguin
ISBN: 1465457755
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 756
Book Description
Learn about the origins of our species and all things revolution in The History Book. Part of the fascinating Big Ideas series, this book tackles tricky topics and themes in a simple and easy to follow format. Learn about History in this overview guide to the subject, great for novices looking to find out more and experts wishing to refresh their knowledge alike! The History Book brings a fresh and vibrant take on the topic through eye-catching graphics and diagrams to immerse yourself in. This captivating book will broaden your understanding of History, with: - Easy to navigate step-by-step summaries that explain each historical theme - Packed with facts, charts, timelines and graphs to help explain core concepts - A visual approach to big subjects with striking illustrations and graphics throughout - Easy to follow text makes topics accessible for people at any level of understanding The History Book is a captivating introduction to the key events that have shaped society, from the dawn of civilization to the modern culture of today. Here you’ll discover the stories of important historical events and turning points, and the leaders, thinkers, and heroes involved, through exciting text and bold graphics. Your History Questions, Simply Explained This book will outline big ideas, themes and events of world history, from the founding of Baghdad and the colonization of the Americas, to the inception of Buddhism. If you thought it was difficult to learn about the milestones that have shaped civilization, The History Book presents key information in an easy to follow layout. Here you’ll learn about early humans, the empires of ancient history, the voyages of discovery to the tumultuous birth of nationalism, and the violence of two world wars. The Big Ideas Series With millions of copies sold worldwide, The History Book is part of the award-winning Big Ideas series from DK. The series uses striking graphics along with engaging writing, making big topics easy to understand.
Publisher: Penguin
ISBN: 1465457755
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 756
Book Description
Learn about the origins of our species and all things revolution in The History Book. Part of the fascinating Big Ideas series, this book tackles tricky topics and themes in a simple and easy to follow format. Learn about History in this overview guide to the subject, great for novices looking to find out more and experts wishing to refresh their knowledge alike! The History Book brings a fresh and vibrant take on the topic through eye-catching graphics and diagrams to immerse yourself in. This captivating book will broaden your understanding of History, with: - Easy to navigate step-by-step summaries that explain each historical theme - Packed with facts, charts, timelines and graphs to help explain core concepts - A visual approach to big subjects with striking illustrations and graphics throughout - Easy to follow text makes topics accessible for people at any level of understanding The History Book is a captivating introduction to the key events that have shaped society, from the dawn of civilization to the modern culture of today. Here you’ll discover the stories of important historical events and turning points, and the leaders, thinkers, and heroes involved, through exciting text and bold graphics. Your History Questions, Simply Explained This book will outline big ideas, themes and events of world history, from the founding of Baghdad and the colonization of the Americas, to the inception of Buddhism. If you thought it was difficult to learn about the milestones that have shaped civilization, The History Book presents key information in an easy to follow layout. Here you’ll learn about early humans, the empires of ancient history, the voyages of discovery to the tumultuous birth of nationalism, and the violence of two world wars. The Big Ideas Series With millions of copies sold worldwide, The History Book is part of the award-winning Big Ideas series from DK. The series uses striking graphics along with engaging writing, making big topics easy to understand.
A Field Guide to Dragons, Trolls, and Other Dangerous Monsters
Author: A. J. Sautter
Publisher: Capstone
ISBN: 1515730441
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 52
Book Description
Can you recognize the stench of a troll's lair? Where is the best place to find a two-headed giant? What is the safest way to observe a dragon? These fantastic creatures and others may not be real, but what if they were? This handy field guide gives you everything you need to study these dangerous monsters of the imagination.
Publisher: Capstone
ISBN: 1515730441
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 52
Book Description
Can you recognize the stench of a troll's lair? Where is the best place to find a two-headed giant? What is the safest way to observe a dragon? These fantastic creatures and others may not be real, but what if they were? This handy field guide gives you everything you need to study these dangerous monsters of the imagination.
Intercultural Language Use and Language Learning
Author: Eva Alcon Soler
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402056397
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 287
Book Description
Eva Alcón Soler Maria Pilar Safont Jordà Universitat Jaume I, Spain The main purpose of the present book is to broaden the scope of research on the development of intercultural communicative competence. Bearing this purpose in mind, English learners are considered as intercultural speakers who share their interest for engaging in real life communication. According to Byram and Fleming (1998), the intercultural speaker is someone with knowledge of one or more cultures and social identities, and who enjoys discovering and maintaining relationships with people from other cultural backgrounds, although s/he has not been formally trained for that purpose. Besides, possessing knowledge of at least two cultures is the case of many learners in bilingual or multilingual communities. In these contexts, the objective of language learning should then focus on developing intercultural competence, which in turn may involve promoting language diversity while encouraging English as both a means and an end of instruction (see Alcón, this volume). This is the idea underlying the volume, which further sustains Kramsch’s argument (1998) against the native/ non-native dichotomy. Following that author, we also believe that in a multilingual world where learners may belong to more than one speech community, their main goal is not to become a native speaker of English, but to use this language as a tool for interaction among many other languages and cultures.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402056397
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 287
Book Description
Eva Alcón Soler Maria Pilar Safont Jordà Universitat Jaume I, Spain The main purpose of the present book is to broaden the scope of research on the development of intercultural communicative competence. Bearing this purpose in mind, English learners are considered as intercultural speakers who share their interest for engaging in real life communication. According to Byram and Fleming (1998), the intercultural speaker is someone with knowledge of one or more cultures and social identities, and who enjoys discovering and maintaining relationships with people from other cultural backgrounds, although s/he has not been formally trained for that purpose. Besides, possessing knowledge of at least two cultures is the case of many learners in bilingual or multilingual communities. In these contexts, the objective of language learning should then focus on developing intercultural competence, which in turn may involve promoting language diversity while encouraging English as both a means and an end of instruction (see Alcón, this volume). This is the idea underlying the volume, which further sustains Kramsch’s argument (1998) against the native/ non-native dichotomy. Following that author, we also believe that in a multilingual world where learners may belong to more than one speech community, their main goal is not to become a native speaker of English, but to use this language as a tool for interaction among many other languages and cultures.