Interfacial Properties of Petroleum Products PDF Download
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Author: Lilianna Z. Pillon
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420051016
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 386
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Book Description
With mounting pressure to extract petroleum from oil sands and other unconventional sources, oil refineries must adapt their processing methods to handle increasingly heavy crude oils. Unlike traditional crude oils, the properties of heavier crude oils include higher viscosity, metal, salt, and acid content. This causes their interfacial properties
Author: Lilianna Z. Pillon
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420051016
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 386
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Book Description
With mounting pressure to extract petroleum from oil sands and other unconventional sources, oil refineries must adapt their processing methods to handle increasingly heavy crude oils. Unlike traditional crude oils, the properties of heavier crude oils include higher viscosity, metal, salt, and acid content. This causes their interfacial properties
Author: Donghao Chen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 434
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 202
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Book Description
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309380103
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 167
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Book Description
Diluted bitumen has been transported by pipeline in the United States for more than 40 years, with the amount increasing recently as a result of improved extraction technologies and resulting increases in production and exportation of Canadian diluted bitumen. The increased importation of Canadian diluted bitumen to the United States has strained the existing pipeline capacity and contributed to the expansion of pipeline mileage over the past 5 years. Although rising North American crude oil production has resulted in greater transport of crude oil by rail or tanker, oil pipelines continue to deliver the vast majority of crude oil supplies to U.S. refineries. Spills of Diluted Bitumen from Pipelines examines the current state of knowledge and identifies the relevant properties and characteristics of the transport, fate, and effects of diluted bitumen and commonly transported crude oils when spilled in the environment. This report assesses whether the differences between properties of diluted bitumen and those of other commonly transported crude oils warrant modifications to the regulations governing spill response plans and cleanup. Given the nature of pipeline operations, response planning, and the oil industry, the recommendations outlined in this study are broadly applicable to other modes of transportation as well.
Author: Lilianna Z. Pillon
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9781439803417
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 362
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Book Description
Hundreds of lubricant additives are available industry-wide to improve base stock properties and protect metal surfaces; however, the wrong combination of these commodities can result in substandard performance. Surface Activity of Petroleum Derived Lubricants explains how surface activity is affected by several factors: the interfacial properties
Author: Mikhail Morunov
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
"Demulsification of oil-field Pickering emulsions is a major challenge for the oil and gas industry. The most common, naturally occurring emulsifiers in petroleum products are asphaltenes, clay nanoparticles, resins, naphthenates and, inorganic particles. This study focused on two naturally-occurring emulsifiers: asphaltenes and clay nano-particles. Specifically, the effect of asphaltenes in combination with clay nano-particles, such as monmorillonite and kaolinite on model heptol-water interfaces was studied.The combined equilibrium surface excess associated with asphaltenes and clay nano-particles was attempted to be measured using the Langmuir isotherm coupled with the Gibbs surface energy (Langmuir EoS). Interfacial tension was measured using the pendant-drop method.Interfacial tension data showed the effect of asphaltenes on the heptol-water interface was inconsistent. It was likely because in addition to concentration, asphaltenes interfacial activity was also affected by the size of asphaltene aggregates in heptol, which is difficult to control. Furthermore, interfacial tension data showed that asphaltenes did not reach an equilibrium surface excess at the interface. The presence of n-heptane in heptol enhanced the adsorption of asphaltenes onto the heptol-water interfaces, causing continuous adsorption and forming a multilayer (physical barrier). This study suggests that n-heptane in crude oil creates a favourable environment for the formation of the interfacial barriers, and emulsions in general. This interfacial barrier likely prevents coalescence when emulsions are processed in electrostatic desalters.The pendant-drop method could not adequately measure the interfacial tension associated with the presence of clay nano-particles because kaolinite and monmorillonite precipitated in RO water.The combined equilibrium surface excess at the heptol-water interface could not be determined because of asphaltenes continuous adsorption, inconsistent experimental data, and the precipitation of clay nano-particles.Due to enhanced asphaltene adsorption in the presence of n-heptane and asphaltenes’ affinity toward clay nano-particles, asphaltenes and clay nano-particles were hypothesized to form a strong and complex network of aggregates at the heptol-water interface. Thus, asphaltene-clay aggregates at the interface were studied using model oil-in-water Pickering emulsions. The interfacial aggregates were characterized using an optical microscopy and material balances. Results showed that increasing the amount of montmorillonite nano-particles in the system enhanced the strength of the interface. On the other hand, asphaltenes and kaolinite nano-particles did not form any oil-in-water emulsions. This likely occurred because kaolinite acted as an inhibitor in the presence of asphaltenes and prevented emulsification. Future work should further test kaolinite as an inhibitor for emulsification, as it may be used to prevent emulsification in oil-field operations"--
Author: Jordy Sarmas
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Enhanced oil recovery
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Book Description
Controlled salinity water flooding has shown to be a promising enhanced recovery method that can reduce residual oil saturation. Currently, no unified criterion exists to explain the mechanisms by which this form of water-flooding leads to higher oil recovery. Research on the subject attributes the results to complex rock/fluid and fluid/fluid interactions. Wettability alteration is used to characterize rock/fluid interactions, while rheology can characterize fluid/fluid interactions in dynamical systems. High interfacial viscoelasticity has shown to suppress snap- off, improve oil phase connectivity, and consequently increase oil recoveries. However, the relationships between the surface-active components of the crude oil and the brine ions remains unclear. Regarding components in crude oil, asphaltenes have been reported to contribute to interface strengthening, while naphthenic acids and other organic acids induce softening. On the other hand, mainly polyvalent cations, also called active ions, can induce a more rigid interface. The effect of anions on the phenomena has gone essentially unexplored. Tensiometry and rheology techniques were used to evaluate the effect of different anions on the conformation of the crude oil/brine interface, both in low- and high-salinity regimes. Experiments using pendant drop tensiometers and dilatational rheometers show that as the size and complexity of the anions increase, the interfacial film becomes more resistant to deformation. In addition, a liquid bridge technique was used to estimate the stability of the crude oil/water interface. A good connection with rheology and tensiometry results was established. Finally, further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms by which this occurs.
Author: Merv Fingas
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 3110694522
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 697
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Book Description
This book is devoted to the chemistry of oil and petroleum products and covers the broad range of topics from heavy fuel oils, crude oils and (diluted) bitumen to today‘s research on asphaltenes. Recent methods are summarized and the large new groups of chemicals found in oils are identifi ed as well as described. The work points the way for a more complete understanding of the composition of petroleum. Highlights include: An update on oil fi ngerprinting New data using Fourier transform mass spectrometry, forensic tools for naphthenic acid fraction compounds in oil sand environmental samples Data on vanadium and nickel content changes in the resins of heavy oils, characteristics of their structural and group composition, and the content of heteroatomic (N, S, O) compounds Study of asphaltenes using direct molecular imaging employing atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) confi rming early findings of the dominance of the ‘island’ molecular structure An update on the Yen-Mullins model of asphaltenes in reservoirs giving the requisite solution to the asphaltene particle size, thus resolving the gravity term for thermodynamic modeling. A modifi ed polymer solution theory, the Flory-Huggins-Zuo (FHZ) EoS, is provided to model asphaltene gradients in reservoirs. A suite of oils from the Tarim Basin, Qaidam Basin, Ordos Basin, and Liaohe Basin, China is characterized geochemically to clarify factors that can affect the concentrations and distributions of pyrrolic nitrogen compounds (PNCs) in crude oils. An update on biomarkers in crude oils Updates on mass spectrometry techniques applicable to crude oils
Author: James G. Speight
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
ISBN: 0128006749
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 215
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Book Description
High Acid Crudes quickly gets the refinery manager and all other relative personnel up to date on this particular type of feedstock by providing an overview and relevant details of the identification of high acid crudes and their influence on the refinery’s process units, especially regarding corrosion potential. Covering the types, effects on the various refining units, and proper acid stripping techniques, High Acid Crudes effectively trains refinery personnel with a quick reference guide for day-to-day use in today’s refineries. Due to their discounted value but potential for higher production rates, refineries are accepting more of high acidic crude feedstocks, otherwise referred to as “opportunity or “challenging crude oils. Refining of these resources is still increasing due to high oil prices, with China dominating this market and doubling their production of high acid crudes by 2015. Processing these resources can significantly increase any refinery’s productivity, but knowledge and proper training for the refinery manager and crude supplier is key to reducing the risk that is commonly associated with high acid feedstocks, while still maintaining clean production standards. Provides an overview of the identification of high acid crudes and their influence on the refinery’s process units Covers the types of high acid crudes, effects on the various refining units, and proper acid stripping techniques Trains refinery personnel as a quick reference guide for day-to-day use for today’s refinery
![Oil [2 volumes] PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/TRnOEAAAQBAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: Xiaobing Li
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1352
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Book Description
Despite ongoing efforts to find alternatives, oil is still one of the most critical—and valuable—commodities on earth. This two-volume set provides extensive background information on key topics relating to oil, profiles countries that are major producers and consumers of oil, and examines relevant political issues. Aside from air and water, oil is perhaps the most valuable natural resource. Oil supplies the tremendous energy needs of the modern world. What exactly is "oil," where does it come from, how does it get consumed, and who is using it? This encyclopedia provides clear answers to these questions and more, offering students entries on the fundamentals of the oil industry and profiles of the countries that play a major role in oil production and consumption. Volume 1 presents topical entries on critical concepts, key terms, major oil spills and disasters, and important organizations and individuals relating to the oil industry. Entries define terms such as "barrel" and "reserve," cover incidents such as the BP oil spill, and explain the significance of organizations such as OPEC. The second volume spotlights specific countries that are major producers, consumers, exporters, and importers of oil, from the United States to Russia to Saudi Arabia to Venezuela. Each profile shows readers the importance of oil in that country through a brief background history, data on its oil usage or production, information about major trading partners, and an explanation of political issues.
