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Author: Dickens Molo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The study interrogates the effect of climate and non-climate factors in identification and determination of food insecurity hotspots in the Horn of Africa (HoA), with a specific focus on Ethiopia. This region is challenged by a multitude of exogenous and endogenous factors that affect the interventions by government and non-government agencies to realize food security. Standardized Precipitation Evaporation Index (SPEI) was applied to characterize the drought conditions as a climate factor. SPEI data was downloaded from Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) Archive. The study also used Malaria transmission risk analysis data from Tuft University data Lab, and Conflict and Displacement data from the United Nation Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN-OCHA) data as non-climate factors in food insecurity hotspot identification. Geospatial analysis and mapping were done to identify hotspots using ESRI ArcMap analysis and overlay tools. The findings based on the model developed found variation spatial variation between the food insecurity identification and classifications to the model commonly used by International humanitarian agencies like Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWSNET) and UN-OCHA. The North Eastern part of Ethiopia, borders of Eritrea and Afar region, together with the south eastern part borders of Somalia, Somali and Oromia regions showed severe and emergency food insecurity situations unlike the other model. The results of temporal analysis showed an increasing trend from 3 months to 12 months across the region. In conclusion, the findings of this study show that inclusion of Malaria and Conflict factors as non-climate drivers of food insecurity resulted in different classifications compared to the classification categories by FEWSNET and other humanitarian organization in Ethiopia. This resulted in the identification of food insecurity hotspot region that were not classified as such by FEWSNET. These findings have major implications for emergency response and food aid distribution, and points to the need for governments and humanitarian to consider non-climatic factors such as population distribution in conducting an analysis of food insecurity status.
Author: Dickens Molo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The study interrogates the effect of climate and non-climate factors in identification and determination of food insecurity hotspots in the Horn of Africa (HoA), with a specific focus on Ethiopia. This region is challenged by a multitude of exogenous and endogenous factors that affect the interventions by government and non-government agencies to realize food security. Standardized Precipitation Evaporation Index (SPEI) was applied to characterize the drought conditions as a climate factor. SPEI data was downloaded from Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) Archive. The study also used Malaria transmission risk analysis data from Tuft University data Lab, and Conflict and Displacement data from the United Nation Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN-OCHA) data as non-climate factors in food insecurity hotspot identification. Geospatial analysis and mapping were done to identify hotspots using ESRI ArcMap analysis and overlay tools. The findings based on the model developed found variation spatial variation between the food insecurity identification and classifications to the model commonly used by International humanitarian agencies like Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWSNET) and UN-OCHA. The North Eastern part of Ethiopia, borders of Eritrea and Afar region, together with the south eastern part borders of Somalia, Somali and Oromia regions showed severe and emergency food insecurity situations unlike the other model. The results of temporal analysis showed an increasing trend from 3 months to 12 months across the region. In conclusion, the findings of this study show that inclusion of Malaria and Conflict factors as non-climate drivers of food insecurity resulted in different classifications compared to the classification categories by FEWSNET and other humanitarian organization in Ethiopia. This resulted in the identification of food insecurity hotspot region that were not classified as such by FEWSNET. These findings have major implications for emergency response and food aid distribution, and points to the need for governments and humanitarian to consider non-climatic factors such as population distribution in conducting an analysis of food insecurity status.
Author: Rattan Lal
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319093606
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 657
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Book Description
This 32-chapter volume represents the core of several oral and poster presentations made at the conference. In addition to Introduction and Conclusion sections, the book is thematically divided into 7 sections, namely, 1) Land Use and Farming Systems, 2) Effects of Climate Change on Crop Yield, 3) Soil Nutrient and Water Management for Carbon Sequestration, 4) Rehabilitation of Degraded Lands through Forestry and Agroforestry, 5) Management of Animal Production for Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 6) Smallholder Adaptation to Climate Change, and 7) Economic, Social and Policy Issues. It addresses these themes in the context of sustainable intensification (SI). It implies increasing agronomic production from the existing land while improving/restoring its quality and decreasing the C or environmental footprint. Simply put, SI means producing more from less.
Author: Joseph Awange
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030910024
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 431
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Book Description
This book will benefit users in food security, agriculture, water management, and environmental sectors. It provides the first comprehensive analysis of Greater Horn of Africa (GHA)’s food insecurity and hydroclimate using the state-of-the-art Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and its Follow-on (GRACE-FO)’s, centennial precipitation, hydrological models’ and reanalysis’ products. It is here opined that GHA is endowed with freshwater (surface and groundwater) being home to the world's second largest freshwater body (Lake Victoria) and the greatest continental water towers (Ethiopian Highlands) that if properly tapped in a sustainable way, will support its irrigated agriculture as well as pastoralism. First, however, the obsolete Nile treaties that hamper the use of Lake Victoria (White Nile) and Ethiopian Highland (Blue Nile) have to be unlocked. Moreover, GHA is bedevilled by poor governance and the ``donor-assistance” syndrome; and in 2020-2021 faced the so-called ``triple threats’’ of desert locust infestation, climate variability/change impacts and COVID-19 pandemic. Besides, climate extremes influence its meagre waters leading to perennial food insecurity. Coupled with frequent regional and local conflicts, high population growth rate, low crop yield, invasion of migratory pests, contagious human and livestock diseases (such as HIV/AIDs, COVID-19 & Rift Valley fever) and poverty, life for more than 310 million of its inhabitants simply becomes unbearable. Alarming also is the fact that drought-like humanitarian crises are increasing in GHA despite recent progress in its monitoring and prediction efforts. Notwithstanding these efforts, there remain challenges stemming from uncertainty in its prediction, and the inflexibility and limited buffering capacity of the recurrent impacted systems. To achieve greater food security, therefore, in addition to boosting GHA's agricultural output, UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs suggest that its “inhabitants must create more diverse and stable means of livelihood to insulate themselves and their households from external shocks”. This is a task that they acknowledge will not be easy as the path ahead is “strewn with obstacles namely; natural hazards and armed conflicts”. Understanding GHA’s food insecurity and its hydroclimate as presented in this book is a good starting point towards managing the impacts of the natural hazards on the one hand while understanding the impacts associated with extreme climate on GHA's available water and assessing the potential of its surface and groundwater to support its irrigated agriculture and pastoralism would be the first step towards “coping with drought” on the other hand. The book represents a significant effort by Prof Awange in trying to offer a comprehensive overview of the hydroclimate in the Greater Horn of Africa (GHA). Prof Eric F. Wood, NAE (USA); FRSC (Canada); Foreign member, ATSE (Australia).
Author: Michelle D. Gavin
Publisher: Council on Foreign Relations Press
ISBN: 9780876094631
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Climate change and climate-induced migration in the Horn of Africa could seriously exacerbate security risks in the region. The sixth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reiterates the grim facts of climate change in Africa. The continent has contributed little (less than 4 percent) to total greenhouse gas emissions but has already suffered serious consequences, from biodiversity loss to reduced food production. In East Africa particularly, drought frequency has doubled. Yet, between 2010 and 2018, most Horn countries received less than the average amount of climate adaptation funding per capita for lower-income countries, despite ranking at the top of climate vulnerability indices. Not only is financing for adaptation measures insufficient, but climate research in the region is also under-resourced. The Horn of Africa is extremely vulnerable to climate change, as it encompasses vast drylands, numerous pastoralist communities, multiple border disputes, unresolved trans-boundary water-rights issues, and porous land borders. The region also has a traumatic and politically contentious history with natural disaster, famine, and conflict, including the 1983-85 Ethiopian famine and the controversial 1992-93 humanitarian intervention in Somalia. In fact, the impetus for forming the Intergovernmental Authority on Development in 1986 was to address drought and desertification from a regional perspective, with peace and security issues added to the organization's mandate in 1996 due to the obvious interconnection of those issues. The Horn's history informs and sometimes politically distorts perceptions of current climate-related threats. Ongoing conflicts in the region add complexity to any effort to envision future scenarios. The Horn is not just at risk for conflict and instability-conflict and instability are its current reality. In Ethiopia, Somalia, South Sudan, and Sudan, multiple ongoing conflicts involve violent clashes between military and militia forces. The region already hosts nearly 2.9 million refugees and asylum seekers and over 12 million internally displaced persons. The Horn is currently the site of one of the world's worst food insecurity crises; in August of 2022 the number of highly food-insecure people in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia reached twenty-two million, and some already face famine conditions. Although conflict and crisis prevention is at the heart of efforts to identify interconnected climate and migration risks, for many in the region, the present is already characterized by insecurity, and the future by uncertainty. Demographic, economic, political, and environmental pressures all intersect in the Horn of Africa, driving popular unrest and resource competition and destabilizing migration patterns that exacerbate tensions within and between states. Regional disorder will have implications far beyond the Horn, affecting the politics, security, and relative power of external actors and constraining the prospects for effective global governance. The United States and others should act now to mitigate those risks.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9251305722
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Book Description
New evidence this year corroborates the rise in world hunger observed in this report last year, sending a warning that more action is needed if we aspire to end world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. Updated estimates show the number of people who suffer from hunger has been growing over the past three years, returning to prevailing levels from almost a decade ago. Although progress continues to be made in reducing child stunting, over 22 percent of children under five years of age are still affected. Other forms of malnutrition are also growing: adult obesity continues to increase in countries irrespective of their income levels, and many countries are coping with multiple forms of malnutrition at the same time – overweight and obesity, as well as anaemia in women, and child stunting and wasting.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9251096481
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Book Description
Most countries in the Near East and North Africa saw a steady improvement in food security and nutrition up to the beginning of the decade. Food production was rising and undernourishment and poverty were receding. However, the situation has deteriorated since 2012, largely driven by increasing conflicts and protracted crises as well as water scarcity and climate change.
Author: Margaret A. Mohamed-Salih
Publisher: Nordic Africa Institute
ISBN: 9789171063595
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 246
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Book Description
Agro-ecosystems, by Eric C. Quaye
Author: Andrew Deng Mawiir
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659442612
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
The Horn of Africa (HoA) region encompasses of Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti and Kenya in Africa continent. It's one of the most food insecure regions in the world, characterised by frequent droughts and conflict in Africa. However, there are many examples of food insecurity with some of them having reached catastrophic dimensions in the region. The disadvantageous situations of women and children is particularly serious, as well as the situations among female teenagers who receive less food than their male counterparts in the same households in the region. Findings included that: political instability and civil strife; environmental degradation and climate change; poor economic policies; rapid population growth; poor food production mechanism; soaring food prices and global financial crisis; food quality and gender inequality. The study recommends policies and intervention that combating food insecurity issues to supporting food security in the region.
Author: Lori Ann Thrupp
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 114
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Book Description
Food security and the environment concepts and cnnections; Main concepts; Critical linkages; Resources and stakeholders; Resource endowments and transboundary resources; Stakeholders and institutions involved in food security and environmental security; The conplexity of insecurity in the Greater Horn; Conditions and trends; Root causes of food insecurity and environmental insecurity; Opportunities for food security and environmental security; Strategic principles; Options and opportunities for regional action; Reflections on prioity-setting and regional opportunities; Background information on WRI-IUCN project on food security and the environment in the Greater Horn of Africa; List of papers prepared by WRI, IUCN-EARO and collaborators for the project on food security and the environment in the Greater Horn of Africa.
Author: Christopher Robin Bryant
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783036574400
Category : Climate change
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This reprint presents a collection of twelve scientific articles that delve into the complex relationship between climate change and food security in various regions of the world. The articles examine the impact of climate change on crop production, water resources, and livestock farming, and they explore potential adaptive measures to mitigate the effects of climate change on food security. The articles cover a wide range of geographic locations, from Southeastern Poland to Central Ethiopia, Algeria, Egypt, South Africa, Afghanistan, and Canada. Each article provides valuable insight into the impact of climate change on food security, including the potential link between drought and wild blueberry production in Maine, the use of geospatial assessments to guide climate adaptation strategies for flood-tolerant rice varieties in India, and the impact of non-conventional agricultural spaces on mitigating the effects of climate change on food security in Quebec, Canada. The authors also explore the impact of climate-smart agriculture interventions on food security and dietary diversity in Myanmar, as well as the determinants of smallholder livestock farmers' household resilience to food insecurity in South Africa. Additionally, the reprint includes a case study on water profitability analysis to improve food security and climate resilience in the Egyptian Nile Delta. Taken together, these articles provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of climate change on food security and highlight the need for innovative solutions to ensure sustainable food systems in the face of climate change.
