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Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 133
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Book Description
This report describes the processes involved in movement of contaminants through the soil or over the surface and into tiles or ditches draining agricultural fields, incorporates an understanding of these processes into a physically-based model, collects field data for calibration and verification, uses the model to evaluate the effects of tile drainage on water quality, and provides guidance on potential management strategies. Algorithms to represent processes for chemical transport through the soil profile and into the tile drains were developed and incorporated into TILE, a continuous, physically-based hydrologic simulation model for tile-drained agricultural fields and basins. Data for model testing and calibration came from a cooperative field program on a tile-drained corn field and from field studies undertaken to define the physical parameters required by the model, including saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil type and depth, drainable porosity, and infiltration characteristics. Testing of the water quality algorithms for the pesticide employed (metolachlor) was undertaken and scenarios involving the application of pesticides and fertilizers and the timing of rainfall were evaluated to determine the potential effects on nutrient or pesticide loss from the fields through the tile drains or from surface runoff.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 133
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Book Description
This report describes the processes involved in movement of contaminants through the soil or over the surface and into tiles or ditches draining agricultural fields, incorporates an understanding of these processes into a physically-based model, collects field data for calibration and verification, uses the model to evaluate the effects of tile drainage on water quality, and provides guidance on potential management strategies. Algorithms to represent processes for chemical transport through the soil profile and into the tile drains were developed and incorporated into TILE, a continuous, physically-based hydrologic simulation model for tile-drained agricultural fields and basins. Data for model testing and calibration came from a cooperative field program on a tile-drained corn field and from field studies undertaken to define the physical parameters required by the model, including saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil type and depth, drainable porosity, and infiltration characteristics. Testing of the water quality algorithms for the pesticide employed (metolachlor) was undertaken and scenarios involving the application of pesticides and fertilizers and the timing of rainfall were evaluated to determine the potential effects on nutrient or pesticide loss from the fields through the tile drains or from surface runoff.
Author: J. D. Paine
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780772998965
Category : Channels (Hydraulic engineering)
Languages : en
Pages : 133
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Book Description
Author: Michael K. Snyder
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nitrogen fertilizers
Languages : en
Pages : 220
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Author: J. D. Paine
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Drainage
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Book Description
Investigation of the hydrology of the agricultural drainage program, and its impacts on the land phase of the hydrologic cycle. Work included the development of an annotated bibliography following an extensive literature review; the performance of statistical tests on flow data to identify trends in the data which could be attributed to the drainage process; and the impacts of both field level tile drainage and small basin ditch drainage through the use of a physically-based hydrologic model capable of simulating the drainage process continuously through the frost free period. Required input includes field and tile geometry (field length and slope, number and spacing of drain tiles, depth of tile), soil characteristics (depression storage capacity, depth of ploughed layer and depth to impervious layer), groundwater parameters (saturated hydraulic conductivity and drainable porosity), and meterological data (hourly rainfall and mean daily temperature). Output includes soil moisture storage, groundwater table height, subsurface hydrograph, and contribution to surface runoff. The model was tested on two fields in southwestern Ontario.
Author: James Lake
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Land use
Languages : en
Pages : 308
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Author: Karlen Hanke
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural chemicals
Languages : en
Pages : 100
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Book Description
Within the Great Lakes region, agricultural non-point source nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contamination contribute to algal blooms and decreased water quality, particularly from tile-drained landscapes. These water quality challenges are accompanied by anthropogenically induced increases in greenhouse gases within the atmosphere, which are leading to changes in climate, which may in turn exacerbate water quality issues by changing hydrological and biogeochemical cycling. This may be particularly important during the non-growing season (NGS), during which most of the annual nutrient export and flow occurs in the Great Lakes region. However, hydrologic and biogeochemical processes during the NGS are less well understood compared to the growing season. The implementation of beneficial management practices (BMP) such as controlled tile drainage (CD) have the potential to mitigate both current and future water quality issues. However, there is little information on the potential water quality tradeoffs associated with this particular practice under both contemporary and future climates. Such information is necessary before CD may be widely recommended and adopted as a BMP. In this thesis, the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to demonstrate the potential for CD to reduce nutrient losses in midwestern Ontario, under both current and future climates, and to understand the processes affecting nutrient export responses through the analyses of the water balance, flow regimes, and weather patterns, and to examine seasonal differences in these variables. In this study, two Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) models were applied at varying scales. One was generated for the Medway Creek watershed, near London, ON, to understand the impact of climate change on water quality and quantity by forcing the model with a bias corrected general circulation model (GCM) ensemble. The second SWAT model was run at the field scale, for a field site near Londesborough, ON to understand the potential water quality tradeoffs associated with CD for a field with low-sloped clay loam soil. Results indicate that future changes in climate will cause shifts in seasonal water budgets, resulting in much greater nutrient export during the NGS and an overall increase in annual nutrient losses by the 2080-2100 period. These changes will be driven by precipitation quantity, but also changing precipitation characteristics (timing, form, magnitude, and frequency) and temperature, which will influence runoff pathways. The use of CD will not mitigate water quality issues and will instead exacerbate TP losses in runoff by increasing soil moisture and consequently increasing surface runoff. Although reductions of tile flow were greater than the simulated increases in surface runoff, the approximately 10X greater TP concentrations in surface runoff resulted in an overall increase in simulated edge-of-field TP losses. This will be particularly problematic where CD is used both during the NGS and growing season. This thesis has provided an improved understanding of the impacts of climate change on water quality in the MCW, and has demonstrated that CD has little potential to mitigate water quality issues in the present or future. This thesis has also demonstrated that understanding nutrient export processes during the NGS will be increasingly important for increasing BMP efficacy, reducing NPS contamination, and the occurrence of harmful algal blooms.
Author: San Joaquin Valley Interagency Drainage Program
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 230
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Book Description
Author: Lajpat Ahuja
Publisher: Water Resources Publication
ISBN: 9781887201087
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 388
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Book Description
This publication comes with computer software and presents a comprehensive simulation model designed to predict the hydrologic response, including potential for surface and groundwater contamination, of alternative crop-management systems. It simulates crop development and the movement of water, nutrients and pesticides over and through the root zone for a representative unit area of an agricultural field over multiple years. The model allows simulation of a wide spectrum of management practices and scenarios with special features such as the rapid transport of surface-applied chemicals through macropores to deeper depths and the preferential transport of chemicals within the soil matrix via mobile-immobile zones. The transfer of surface-applied chemicals (pesticides in particular) to runoff water is also an important component.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Colorado River (Colo.-Mexico)
Languages : en
Pages : 714
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Colorado River (Colo.-Mexico)
Languages : en
Pages : 576
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