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Author: Parisa Farzam
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
Noninvasive measurement of hemodynamics at the microvascular level may have a great impact on oncology in clinics for diagnosis, therapy planning and monitoring, and, in preclinical studies. To this end, diffuse optics is a strong candidate for noninvasive, repeated, deep tissue monitoring. In this multi-disciplinary, translational work, I have constructed and deployed hybrid devices which are the combination of two qualitatively different methods, near infrared diffuse optical spectroscopy (NIRS) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS), for simultaneous measurement of microvascular total hemoglobin concentration, blood oxygen saturation and blood flow. In a preclinical study, I applied the hybrid device to monitor the response of renal cell carcinoma in mice to antiangiogenic therapy. The results suggest that we can predict the output of therapy from early hemodynamic changes, which provide us with valuable information for better understanding of the tumor resistance mechanism to antiangiogenic therapies. In two in vivo studies in human volunteers, I have developed protocols and probes to demonstrate the feasibility of noninvasive diffuse optical spectroscopy to investigate the pathophysiology of bone. First study was study on the physiology of the patella microvasculature, the other introduced the manubrium as a site that is rich in red bone mar- row and accessible to diffuse optics as a potential window to monitor the progression of hematological malignancies. Overall, during my Ph.D., I have developed instrumentation, algorithms and protocols and, then, applied this technique for preclinical and clinical investigations. My research is a link between preclinical and clinical studies and it opens new areas of applications in oncology.
Author: Parisa Farzam
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
Noninvasive measurement of hemodynamics at the microvascular level may have a great impact on oncology in clinics for diagnosis, therapy planning and monitoring, and, in preclinical studies. To this end, diffuse optics is a strong candidate for noninvasive, repeated, deep tissue monitoring. In this multi-disciplinary, translational work, I have constructed and deployed hybrid devices which are the combination of two qualitatively different methods, near infrared diffuse optical spectroscopy (NIRS) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS), for simultaneous measurement of microvascular total hemoglobin concentration, blood oxygen saturation and blood flow. In a preclinical study, I applied the hybrid device to monitor the response of renal cell carcinoma in mice to antiangiogenic therapy. The results suggest that we can predict the output of therapy from early hemodynamic changes, which provide us with valuable information for better understanding of the tumor resistance mechanism to antiangiogenic therapies. In two in vivo studies in human volunteers, I have developed protocols and probes to demonstrate the feasibility of noninvasive diffuse optical spectroscopy to investigate the pathophysiology of bone. First study was study on the physiology of the patella microvasculature, the other introduced the manubrium as a site that is rich in red bone mar- row and accessible to diffuse optics as a potential window to monitor the progression of hematological malignancies. Overall, during my Ph.D., I have developed instrumentation, algorithms and protocols and, then, applied this technique for preclinical and clinical investigations. My research is a link between preclinical and clinical studies and it opens new areas of applications in oncology.
Author: Claus Lindner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 311
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Book Description
Several clinical studies for non-invasive estimation of tissue hemodynamics by the combination of two diffuse optical techniques, time-resolved and diffuse correlation spectroscopy, were carried out in collaboration with local hospitals. These led to the 1rst application of hybrid diffuse optics in the characterization of healthy and pathological human thyroid tissue and the initiation of a European Horizon 2020 research project aiming at signi1cantly improving the current thyroid cancer screening process. The advantages of the hybrid diffuse optical device allowed to gain information on cerebral oxygen metabolism and improved estimation of cerebral blood 2ow. Data was collected from patients without brain diseases as well as healthy volunteers in clinical and surgical environments. The diffuse optical measurements were shown to correlate with the bispectral index, a widely used anesthesia monitor in the clinic. The optically derived parameters demonstrated the conservation of physiological coupling between cerebral blood 2ow and oxygen metabolism in patients under propofol-induced anesthesia. Additional studies focused on the investigation of microvascular cerebral physiology in response to common challenges in surgical procedures. These were simulated on healthy subjects and studied in depth. Overall, this work pushes the limits of the clinical translation of hybrid diffuse optics paving the way for new applications.
Author: Mingjun Zhao
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 110
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Book Description
Author: James E. Cottrell
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323086314
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 481
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Book Description
Cottrell's Neuroanesthesia 5th Edition, edited by James E. Cottrell, MD, FRCA and William L. Young, MD, delivers the complete and authoritative guidance you need to ensure optimal perioperative safety for neurosurgical patients. Integrating current scientific principles with the newest clinical applications, it not only explains what to do under any set of circumstances but also why to do it and how to avoid complications. Comprehensive updates reflect all of the latest developments in neurosurgical anesthesia, and contributions from many new experts provide fresh insights into overcoming tough clinical challenges. New co-editor William L. Young, MD joins James E. Cottrell, MD, FRCA at the book's editorial helm, providing additional, complementary expertise and further enhancing the book's authority. New chapters keep you current on interventional neuroradiology, anesthetic management of patients with arteriovenous malformations and aneurysms, awake craniotomy, epilepsy, minimally invasive and robotic surgery, and pregnancy and neurologic disease. Comprehensive updates reflect all of the latest developments in neurosurgical anesthesia, and contributions from many new experts provide fresh insights into overcoming tough clinical challenges. Comprehensive and broad coverage of all important aspects of neuroanesthesia, including special patient populations, enables you to find reliable answers to any clinical question. Chapters written by neurointensivists, neurosurgeons, and radiologists provide well-rounded perspectives on each topic. A consistent, logical organization to every chapter makes answers easy to find quickly. Clear conceptual illustrations make complex concepts easier to understand at a glance.
Author: Daniel Irwin
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000830772
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 67
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Book Description
Imaging of tissue blood flow (BF) distributions provides vital information for the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of various vascular diseases. The innovative near-infrared speckle contrast diffuse correlation tomography (scDCT) technique produces full 3D BF distributions. Many advanced features are provided over competing technologies including high sampling density, fast data acquisition, noninvasiveness, noncontact, affordability, portability, and translatability across varied subject sizes. The basic principle, instrumentation, and data analysis algorithms are presented in detail. The extensive applications are summarized such as imaging of cerebral BF (CBF) in mice, rat, and piglet animals with skull penetration into deep brain. Clinical human testing results are described by recovery of BF distributions on preterm infants (CBF) through incubator wall, and on sensitive burn tissues and mastectomy skin flaps without direct device-tissue interactions. Supporting activities outlined include integrated capability for acquiring surface curvature information, rapid 2D blood flow mapping, and optimizations via tissue-like phantoms and computer simulations. These applications and activities both highlight and guide the reader as to the expected abilities and limitations of scDCT for adapting into their own preclinical/clinical research, use in constrained environments (i.e., neonatal intensive care unit bedside), and use on vulnerable subjects and measurement sites.
Author: Marco Pagliazzi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 192
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Book Description
The non-invasive and, often, continuous measurement of the hemodynamics of the body, and for the main purposes of this thesis, the brain, is desired because both the instantaneous values and their changes over time constantly adapt to the conditions affecting the body and its environment. They are altered in pathological situations and in response to increased function. It is desirable for these measurements to be continuous, reliable, minimally invasive, and relatively inexpensive. In recent years, optical techniques that, by using diffusing and deep-reaching (up to few centimeters) light at skin-safe levels of intensity, combine the aforementioned characteristics, have increasingly become used in clinical and research settings. However, to date there is, on one side the need to expand the number and scope of translational studies, and, on the other, to address shortcomings like the contamination of signals from unwanted tissue volumes (partial volume effects). A further important goal is to increase the depth of penetration of light without affecting the non-invasive nature of diffuse optics.My PhD was aimed at several aspects of this problem; (i) the development of new, more advanced methods, i.e. the time/pathlength resolved, to improve the differentiation between superficial and deeper tissues layers, (ii) the exploration of new application areas, i.e. to characterize the microvascular status of bones, to study the functional response of the baby brain, and (iii) to improve the quality control of the systems , i.e. by introducing a long shelf-life dynamic phantom.In conceptual order, first I introduce long shelf-life reference standards for diffuse correlation spectroscopy. Secondly, I describe the use of an existing hybrid time domain and diffuse correlation spectroscopy system to monitor the changes that some pathological conditions, in this case osteoporosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection, may have on many aspects of the human bone tissue that are currently not easy to measure (i.e. invasively assessed) by conventional techniques. Thirdly, I describe the development of a novel time domain optical technique that intimately combines, introducing many previously unmet advancements, the two previously cited optical spectroscopy techniques. For the first time I was able to produce a time domain device and protocol that can monitor the blood flow in vivo in the head and muscles of healthy humans. Lastly, I describe a device and method that I have used to monitor changes in blood flow in healthy human infants of three to five months of age, for the first time in this age bracket, as a marker of activation following visual stimulation. Overall, this work pushes the limit of the technology that makes use of diffuse light to minimally invasively, continuously, and reliably monitor endogenous markers of pathological and physiological processes in the human body.
Author: David Caballero
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031040392
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 599
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Book Description
This book offers a comprehensive overview of the development and application of microfluidics and biosensors in cancer research, in particular, their applications in cancer modeling and theranostics. Over the last decades, considerable effort has been made to develop new technologies to improve the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Microfluidics has proven to be a powerful tool for manipulating biological fluids with high precision and efficiency and has already been adopted by the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. With recent technological advances, particularly biosensors, microfluidic devices have increased their usefulness and importance in oncology and cancer research. The aim of this book is to bring together in a single volume all the knowledge and expertise required for the development and application of microfluidic systems and biosensors in cancer modeling and theranostics. It begins with a detailed introduction to the fundamental aspects of tumor biology, cancer biomarkers, biosensors and microfluidics. With this knowledge in mind, the following sections highlight important advances in developing and applying biosensors and microfluidic devices in cancer research at universities and in the industry. Strategies for identifying and evaluating potent disease biomarkers and developing biosensors and microfluidic devices for their detection are discussed in detail. Finally, the transfer of these technologies into the clinical environment for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients will be highlighted. By combining the recent advances made in the development and application of microfluidics and biosensors in cancer research in academia and clinics, this book will be useful literature for readers from a variety of backgrounds. It offers new visions of how this technology can influence daily life in hospitals and companies, improving research methodologies and the prognosis of cancer patients.
Author: Habib Zaidi
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 145577605X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 311
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Book Description
This issue examines PET-MRI with evolving but potentially competing technologies. The guest editors have put together an extremely timely issue as practicing radiologists are increasingly curious about the role of diffusion weighted imaging with MRI as a competing or a complementary technique to PET.
Author: Guanglei Zhang
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889749495
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 201
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Book Description
Author: Robin Kaiser
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781607507550
Category : Nanophotonics
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Many fundamental processes in physics involve transport and the spectacular progress in the control and engineering of matter at the nano-scale has meant that regimes of wave transport have been the subject of great interest. This book covers subjects that include: Anderson localization; photonic properties of non-crystalline solids; and, more.
