High Spectral Resolution Emission Thermometry for Combustion Applications PDF Download
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Author: Adam M. Myers
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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Book Description
Author: Adam M. Myers
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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Book Description
Author: Daniel Jared Ellis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 53
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 11
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Book Description
Passive optical probes and high-resolution emission spectroscopy are used to provide a general-purpose real-time temperature and chemical species sensing capability. Probes can be inserted in the combustor, at the turbine inlet, in the augmenter, or at the engine exit with application as an engine development diagnostic tool that provides spatially resolved measurements of the key combustion parameters: temperature, CO concentration, and H2O concentration. Multiple probes are arrayed to collect the emitted infrared radiation over different views of the hot gas path. Line-of-sight averaged concentrations and temperatures are determined by spectral analysis of the emitted radiation along each line of sight (LOS). Spatial profiles may also be determined by simultaneous analysis of overlapping lines of sight. The collected infrared spectra contain optically thin and optically thick features that reflect the effects of emission and absorption within the combustion region. The known spectral structure of the component spectra can be used for the automated interpretation of the observed radiance spectra in terms of concentrations and temperatures along the line of sight, and in specific volume elements of overlapping lines of sight.
Author: Luís Dias Carlos
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1782622039
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 541
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Book Description
Recent advances in technologies have created a need for sensing and measuring temperature at the nanoscale. This challenge requires new approaches and new techniques, since conventional thermometry is not valid at this scale. Thermometry at the Nanoscale covers the fundamentals of the subject, followed by individual chapters on luminescence-based and non-luminescence based thermometry techniques, and finally specific chapters on different applications of nanothermometry. The fundamental topics covered include a review of temperature measurement, the meaning of temperature on the nanoscale and heat propagation at the nanoscale. Luminescence-based techniques covered include quantum dots thermometry; lanthanide phosphors thermometry; organic dyes thermometry; polymer-based thermometry and organic-inorganic hybrids thermometry. Non-luminescence based thermometry techniques include scanning thermal microscopy; near-field thermometry and nanotubes thermometry. The range of applications of nanothermometry discussed includes thermometry inside a cell; microelectronics and micro/nanonofluidics. This is the first book to cover the whole subject of thermometry at the nanoscale with specialists in each particular technique discussing in detail the recent achievements and limitations as well as future trends and technological possibilities. The book will appeal to researchers from materials science, physical chemistry, analytical chemistry and biological sciences working on the development of new materials, materials characterisation/analysis and their applications.
Author: Daniel Jared Ellis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic Dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 53
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Book Description
Currently there is no known method for accurately measuring the temperature of the gas phase of combustion products within a solid fuel flame. The industry standard is a suction pyrometer and thermocouple which is intrusive, both spatially and temporally averaging, and difficult to use. In this work a new method utilizing the spectral emission from water vapor is investigated through modeling and experimental measurements. This method was demonstrated along a 0.75m line of sight, averaged over 1 minute in the products of a natural gas flame but has the potential to produce a spatial resolution on the order of 5 cm and a temporal resolution of less than 1 millisecond. The method employs the collection of infrared emission from water vapor over discrete wavelength bands and then uses the ratio of those emissions to infer temperature. A 12.5 mm lens has been positioned within a water cooled probe to focus flame product gas emission into an optical fiber where the light is transmitted to a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR). The same optical setup was also used to collect light from a black body cavity at a known temperature in order to calibrate the spectral sensitivity of the optical system and FTIR detector. Experiments were conducted in the product gas of a 150 kWth methane flame comparing the optical emission results to a suction pyrometer with type K thermocouple. The optical measurement produced gas temperatures approximately 1 - 4% higher than the suction pyrometer. Broadband background emission was also seen by the optical measurement and was removed assuming grey body radiation. This background emission can be used to determine particle emission temperature and intensity. Additional work will be needed to demonstrate the method under conditions with significant particle emission. Additional work is also needed to demonstrate the work over a smaller path length and shorter time scale.
Author: Wormhoudt
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780824774295
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
This interdisciplinary volume is an excellent resource for anyone who wants an in-depth understanding of current and emerging trends in gaseous measurement techniques. It provides both qualitative and quantitative introductions to the physics involved in using remote observations to collect data, and offers numerous examples that encourage new applications of existing technologies. Compiled by an authority on spectroscopy, chemical kinetics and infrared emissions from combustible sources, this volume compares burnoff flare and stack plume emission spectra with parametric calculations performed with equally high spectral resolution ... discusses sensitivity of spectra to source temperature, and behavior of emission and absorption linewidths with temperature ... reviews the emission-absorption techniques for determining temperature and species concentration profiles ... and much more. Infrared Methods for Gaseous Measurements is a vital research tool for photo-optical instrumentation engineers; electro-optical engineers; chemical, aerospace, automotive, combustion, environmental, and mechanical engineers; and technologists involved in radiation, infrared or laser research. The book also serves as an excellent resource for graduate molecular spectroscopy courses and postgraduate infrared technology seminars. Book jacket.
Author: David P. DeWitt
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780471610182
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1156
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Book Description
Here is the most comprehensive treatment available on practical temperature measurement methods using radiation thermometry. All aspects of measurement technology are covered: basic principles, types of radiation thermometers, calibration methods, and applications. Covers the latest instruments and discusses the central problem of radiation thermometry--how to infer the true temperature from the indicated temperature. Generously illustrated.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
Despite that combustion diagnostics have reached high levels of refinement, it remains difficult to make quantitatively accurate nonintrusive measurements of temperature and species concentrations in realistic combustion environments. The goal of the present study is to develop nonintrusive spectral radiation tools to allow efficient high-fidelity determination of temperature and species concentrations in laminar and turbulent combustion systems. Temperature and concentrations are deduced from medium-to-coarse resolution measurements of spectral transmissivity and emitted intensity for homogeneous gas media, nonhomogeneous gas media and turbulent systems considering the turbulence radiation interaction (TRI). For a homogeneous gas medium, by minimizing the differences between measured and predicted transmissivity spectra, an inverse radiation model is developed to retrieve temperature and species concentrations simultaneously using the the Levenberg-Marquardt optimization method. This model has been validated by experimental measurements. The developed inverse radiation model is used to determine the optimal wavenumber range and resolution by retrieving temperature and species concentrations from a homogeneous gas column for a wide range of temperatures and concentrations. Multiple factors, including spectral region, spectral resolution, temperature and concentration range, and susceptibility to systematic error and random error have been considered. Results are obtained for homogeneous mixtures containing CO2, H2O or CO with N2. In nonhomogeneous gas media, transmissvities are not sensitive to temperature and concentration distributions, making it impossible to reconstruct temperature and species concentrations fields from transmissivity spectra. Another inverse calculation model is developed using measured line-of-sight emitted spectral intensity data to retrieve temperature profiles. Because intensity spectra are also not sensitive to concentration profiles, this model can only deduce the temperature profile together with an average concentration. Due to the ill-posedness of this inverse problem, additional conditions or criteria are needed to be imposed to determine the most realistic solution. Most regularization methods transform an ill-posed inverse problem into a well-behaved one by adding auxiliary information based on desired or assumed characteristics. Tikhonov regularization imposes smoothness to the solution by adding a regularization term. Tikhonov regularization has been shown to be suitable for solving these ill-posed problems, but it is difficult to select an appropriate regularization parameter, especially for nonlinear problems. A new regularization selection method based on the theory of the discrepancy principle and the L-curve criterion is proposed and shows good generality for different temperature profile inversions. Several types of temperature profiles are retrieved accurately using this method. For a turbulent system, the nonlinear interaction between turbulence and radiation has profound effects and cannot be neglected when developing inverse radiation tools. In the presence of TRI, temperature and concentration can never be measured directly. An inverse radiation model considering how turbulence and radiation interact along the detector's line-of-sight has been developed to deduce time-averaged and root-mean-square (rms) values of temperature and concentrations as well as the turbulent length scale from the time-averaged transmissivity and its rms spectrum for a single turbulent gas as well as a turbulent gas mixture.
Author: Sabu M. Thampi
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811604193
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Book Description
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second Symposium on Machine Learning and Metaheuristics Algorithms, and Applications, SoMMA 2020, held in Chennai, India, in October 2020. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the conference was held online. The 12 full papers and 7 short papers presented in this volume were thoroughly reviewed and selected from 40 qualified submissions. The papers cover such topics as machine learning, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, modeling and simulation, disctibuted computing methodologies, computer graphics, etc.
Author: Jean-Michel Hartmann
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080569943
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 429
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Book Description
Gas phase molecular spectroscopy is a powerful tool for obtaining information on the geometry and internal structure of isolated molecules as well as on the interactions that they undergo. It enables the study of fundamental parameters and processes and is also used for the sounding of gas media through optical techniques. It has been facing always renewed challenges, due to the considerable improvement of experimental techniques and the increasing demand for accuracy and scope of remote sensing applications. In practice, the radiating molecule is usually not isolated but diluted in a mixture at significant total pressure. The collisions among the molecules composing the gas can have a large influence on the spectral shape, affecting all wavelength regions through various mechanisms. These must be taken into account for the correct analysis and prediction of the resulting spectra. This book reviews our current experimental and theoretical knowledge and the practical consequences of collisional effects on molecular spectral shapes in neutral gases. General expressions are first given. They are formal of difficult use for practical calculations often but enable discussion of the approximations leading to simplified situations. The first case examined is that of isolated transitions, with the usual pressure broadening and shifting but also refined effects due to speed dependence and collision-induced velocity changes. Collisional line-mixing, which invalidates the notion of isolated transitions and has spectral consequences when lines are closely spaced, is then discussed within the impact approximation. Regions where the contributions of many distant lines overlap, such as troughs between transitions and band wings, are considered next. For a description of these far wings the finite duration of collisions and concomitant breakdown of the impact approximation must be taken into account. Finally, for long paths or elevated pressures, the dipole or polarizability induced by intermolecular interactions can make significant contributions. Specific models for the description of these collision induced absorption and light scattering processes are presented. The above mentioned topics are reviewed and discussed from a threefold point of view: the various models, the available data, and the consequences for applications including heat transfer, remote sensing and optical sounding. The extensive bibliography and discussion of some remaining problems complete the text. State-of-the-art on the subject A bibliography of nearly 1,000 references Tools for practical calculations Consequences for other scientific fields Numerous illustrative examples Fulfilling a need since there is no equivalent monograph on the subject
