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Author: Intratec
Publisher: Intratec
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 102
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Book Description
This report presents a cost analysis of Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI) production from hexamethylene diamine (HMDA) and chlorine. The process examined is a typical phosgenation process. In this process, HMDA reacts with phosgene to produce HDI. The phosgene used is generated from chlorine and carbon monoxide in an on-site unit. Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is generated as by-product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Hexamethylene Diisocyanate, HDI, Hexamethylene Diamine, HMDA, Phosgenation
Author: Intratec
Publisher: Intratec
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 102
Get Book Here
Book Description
This report presents a cost analysis of Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI) production from hexamethylene diamine (HMDA) and chlorine. The process examined is a typical phosgenation process. In this process, HMDA reacts with phosgene to produce HDI. The phosgene used is generated from chlorine and carbon monoxide in an on-site unit. Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is generated as by-product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Hexamethylene Diisocyanate, HDI, Hexamethylene Diamine, HMDA, Phosgenation
Author: Intratec
Publisher: Intratec
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 103
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Book Description
This report presents a cost analysis of Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI) production from hexamethylene diamine (HMDA) and urea. The process examined is a non-phosgene technology similar to the process developed by BASF. In this process, HMDA reacts with urea and butanol generating a carbamate intermediate. Then, the carbamate is thermally cracked producing HDI. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 5386053, issued to BASF in 1995 (2) US Patent 6410778, issued to BASF in 2002 Keywords: Hexamethylene Diisocyanate, HDI, Hexamethylene Diamine, HMDA, BASF, Non-Phosgene, Urea-Based Process
Author: Intratec
Publisher: Intratec
ISBN: 1641481021
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 103
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Book Description
This report presents a cost analysis of Hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) production from butadiene and hydrogen cyanide In the process examined, butadiene reacts with hydrogen cyanide to produce adiponitrile as an intermediate. Subsequently, the adiponitrile is hydrogenated to produce HMDA. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) WO Patent 2015009847, issued to Invista Technologies in 2015 (2) US Patent 4395573, issued to Monsanto in 1981 Keywords: HMDA, Rhône-Poulenc, DuPont, Hydrocyanation
Author: Intratec
Publisher: Intratec Solutions
ISBN: 1945324422
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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Book Description
This report presents a cost analysis of 2-Ethylhexanol (2-EH) production from propylene and syngas. The process examined is similar to the LP OXO Selector technology jointly licensed by JM Davy and Dow. This report examines one-time costs associated with the construction of a United States-based plant and the continuing costs associated with the daily operation of such a plant. More specifically, it discusses: * Capital Investment, broken down by: - Total fixed capital required, divided in production unit (ISBL); infrastructure (OSBL) and contingency - Alternative perspective on the total fixed capital, divided in direct costs, indirect costs and contingency - Working capital and costs incurred during industrial plant commissioning and start-up * Production cost, broken down by: - Manufacturing variable costs (raw materials, utilities) - Manufacturing fixed costs (maintenance costs, operating charges, plant overhead, local taxes and insurance) - Depreciation and corporate overhead costs * Raw materials consumption, products generation and labor requirements * Process block flow diagram and description of industrial site installations (production unit and infrastructure) Keywords: oxo alcohol, oxo process
Author: Intratec
Publisher: Intratec
ISBN: 1641480920
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 101
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Book Description
This report presents a cost analysis of Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC) production from methanol The process examined is a typical oxidative carbonylation process. This process is a non-phosgene alternative for DMC production, in which CO, O2 and methanol react in the presence of copper chloride (CuCI) catalyst. Although reaction occurs in the liquid phase, a heterogeneous-phase mixture forms and the product stream is withdrawn from the reactor in vapor phase. The vapor is partially condensed, treated for recovery of catalyst and then subjected to distillation operations. Unreacted methanol is recovered and recycled to the reactor. Purified Dimethyl Carbonate is obtained after separation of side-product water. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 20030236428, issued to General Electric Company (2) US Patent 5685957, issued to Enichem Synthesis in 1997 Keywords: Non-Phosgene Process, Phosgene-Free, Oxidative Carbonylation, Enichem, Eni
Author: Kamal K. Kar
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3662495147
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 694
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Book Description
Composite materials are used as substitutions of metals/traditional materials in aerospace, automotive, civil, mechanical and other industries. The present book collects the current knowledge and recent developments in the characterization and application of composite materials. To this purpose the volume describes the outstanding properties of this class of advanced material which recommend it for various industrial applications.
Author: Francesco Puoci
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319124781
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 538
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Book Description
The book provides an up-to-date overview of the diverse medical applications of advanced polymers. The book opens by presenting important background information on polymer chemistry and physicochemical characterization of polymers. This serves as essential scientific support for the subsequent chapters, each of which is devoted to the applications of polymers in a particular medical specialty. The coverage is broad, encompassing orthopedics, ophthalmology, tissue engineering, surgery, dentistry, oncology, drug delivery, nephrology, wound dressing and healing, and cardiology. The development of polymers that enhance the biocompatibility of blood-contacting medical devices and the incorporation of polymers within biosensors are also addressed. This book is an excellent guide to the recent advances in polymeric biomaterials and bridges the gap between the research literature and standard textbooks on the applications of polymers in medicine.
Author: Ratko. Djukanovic
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9781850709084
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 100
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Book Description
As both an immunological disease and a condition of tissue remodeling, asthma involves a number of inflammatory as well as structural cells that interact in response to stimuli present in the environment. Through numerous well-designed schematics, macro- and microscopic pictures, tables, and research data, this full-color atlas defines the immunologic interplay that leads to airway inflammation in asthma and addresses its prevention and treatment. Written by some of the most reputable scientists and clinicians in the field, An Atlas of Asthma describes the clinical features of asthma and the complex pathophysiological processes that are believed to underlie it. The book then presents discoveries from studies of asthma genetics as well as the cellular responses that lead to clinical symptoms. Finally, it reviews the currently available treatment options and the problems of disease control, particularly in cases of severe disease.
Author: S. Peters
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 3318025429
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 126
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Book Description
The treatment of patients with advanced malignancies has undergone remarkable change in the last few years. While in the past decisions about systemic therapy were largely based on the performance status of a patient, oncologists today also take into account the pathological and molecular characteristics of the patient’s tumor. Targeting specific molecular pathways important for tumorigenesis has become the preferred way of treatment for many types of malignancies. With these advances come new challenges including the optimization of therapy, recognizing and dealing with side effects and, importantly, the development of resistance. This book provides an up-to-date overview of the advances and limitations of targeted therapy for several tumor entities including breast cancer, colon cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, lung cancer, melanoma, ovarian cancer and renal cell carcinoma. Written by over a dozen internationally renowned scientists, the book is suitable for advanced students, postdoctoral researchers, scientists and clinicians who wish to update their knowledge of the latest approaches to targeted cancer therapies.
Author: Kian Fan Chung
Publisher: European Respiratory Society
ISBN: 1849841047
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 360
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Book Description
Severe asthma is a form of asthma that responds poorly to currently available medication, and its patients represent those with greatest unmet needs. In the last 10 years, substantial progress has been made in terms of understanding some of the mechanisms that drive severe asthma; there have also been concomitant advances in the recognition of specific molecular phenotypes. This ERS Monograph covers all aspects of severe asthma – epidemiology, diagnosis, mechanisms, treatment and management – but has a particular focus on recent understanding of mechanistic heterogeneity based on an analytic approach using various ‘omics platforms applied to clinically well-defined asthma cohorts. How these advances have led to improved management targets is also emphasised. This book brings together the clinical and scientific expertise of those from around the world who are collaborating to solve the problem of severe asthma.
