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Author: Tyler Abbot
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
In this paper I build a continuous time model of a complete financial market with $N$ heterogeneous agents whose constant relative risk aversion (CRRA) preferences differ in their level of risk aversion. I find that preference heterogeneity is able to replicate a high market price of risk and a low risk-free rate by separating the markets for risky and risk free assets. This provides an explanation for the equity risk premium and risk-free rate puzzles, while avoiding a preference for early resolution of uncertainty inherent in non-seperable preferences, i.e. Epstein-Zin preferences. Additionally, I find that changing the number of preference types has a non-trivial effect on the solution. Finally, I show through a numerical example that the model predicts several phenomena observed in financial data, namely a correlation between dividend yields and the stochastic discount factor, a non-linear response of volatility to shocks, and both pro- and counter-cyclical leverage cycles depending on the assumptions about the distribution of preferences.
Author: Tyler Abbot
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
In this paper I build a continuous time model of a complete financial market with $N$ heterogeneous agents whose constant relative risk aversion (CRRA) preferences differ in their level of risk aversion. I find that preference heterogeneity is able to replicate a high market price of risk and a low risk-free rate by separating the markets for risky and risk free assets. This provides an explanation for the equity risk premium and risk-free rate puzzles, while avoiding a preference for early resolution of uncertainty inherent in non-seperable preferences, i.e. Epstein-Zin preferences. Additionally, I find that changing the number of preference types has a non-trivial effect on the solution. Finally, I show through a numerical example that the model predicts several phenomena observed in financial data, namely a correlation between dividend yields and the stochastic discount factor, a non-linear response of volatility to shocks, and both pro- and counter-cyclical leverage cycles depending on the assumptions about the distribution of preferences.
Author: Tyler Abbot
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 160
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Book Description
This thesis studies the solution to several models of financial markets with heterogeneous agents who differ in the rate of risk aversion. The first chapter solves a model with complete markets and dividends driven by a Geometric Brownian Motion. The second chapter solves a similar model, but with a mean reverting dividend process and shows how one could estimate such a model. The third chapter solves the model of chapter one when agents face convex portfolio constraints.
Author: Tyler Abbot
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 54
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Book Description
This paper characterizes the equilibrium in a continuous time financial market populated by heterogeneous agents who differ in their rate of relative risk aversion and face convex portfolio constraints. The model is studied in an application to margin constraints and found to match real world observations about financial variables and leverage cycles. It is shown how margin constraints increase the market price of risk and decrease the interest rate by forcing more risk averse agents to hold more risky assets, producing a higher equity risk premium. In addition, heterogeneity and margin constraints are shown to produce both pro- and counter-cyclical leverage cycles. Beyond two types, it is shown how constraints can cascade and how leverage can exhibit highly non-linear dynamics. Finally, empirical results are given, documenting a novel stylized fact which is predicted by the model, namely that the leverage cycle is both pro- and counter-cyclical.
Author: Shiqi Chen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Decision making
Languages : en
Pages : 51
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Book Description
We consider a group of investors with heterogeneous risk preferences that determines a firm's investment policy, and each investor's compensation function. The optimal investment policy is a time-varying weighted average of investors' optimal policies and converges to the policy of the least (most) risk averse investor in booms (busts), reconciling the diversification of opinions hypothesis and the group shift hypothesis. The most (least) risk averse investor has a strictly concave (convex) claim on the firm's net worth. For intermediate risk preferences investors' claim is S-shaped, resembling preferred stock. We derive investors' utility weights absent wealth distribution and under social optimization.
Author: Frank Riedel
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 364257663X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 119
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Book Description
Real world investors differ in their tastes and attitudes and they do not have, in general, perfect information about the future prospects of the economy. Most theoretical models, however, assume to the contrary that investors are homogeneous and perfectly informed about the market. In this book, an attempt is made to overcome these shortcomings. In three different case studies, the effect of heterogeneous time preferences, heterogeneous beliefs and imperfect information about the economy's growth on the term structure of interest rates are studied. The initial chapter gives an introduction to the theory of financial markets in continuous time under imperfect information and establishes the existence of an equilibrium with complete markets.
Author: Jaksa Cvitanic
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 53
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Book Description
This paper presents an equilibrium model in a pure exchange economy when investors have three possible sources of heterogeneity. Investors may differ in their beliefs, in their level of risk aversion and in their time preference rate. We study the impact of investors heterogeneity on the properties of the equilibrium. In particular, we analyze the consumption shares, the market price of risk, the risk free rate, the bond prices at different maturities, the stock price and volatility as well as the stockís cumulative returns, and optimal portfolio strategies. We relate the heterogeneous economy with the family of associated homogeneous economies with only one class of investors. We consider cross sectional as well as asymptotic properties.
Author: Antonio J. Conejo
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441974210
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 549
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Book Description
Decision Making Under Uncertainty in Electricity Markets provides models and procedures to be used by electricity market agents to make informed decisions under uncertainty. These procedures rely on well established stochastic programming models, which make them efficient and robust. Particularly, these techniques allow electricity producers to derive offering strategies for the pool and contracting decisions in the futures market. Retailers use these techniques to derive selling prices to clients and energy procurement strategies through the pool, the futures market and bilateral contracting. Using the proposed models, consumers can derive the best energy procurement strategies using the available trading floors. The market operator can use the techniques proposed in this book to clear simultaneously energy and reserve markets promoting efficiency and equity. The techniques described in this book are of interest for professionals working on energy markets, and for graduate students in power engineering, applied mathematics, applied economics, and operations research.
Author: Andreas Fagereng
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1484370066
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 69
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Book Description
We provide a systematic analysis of the properties of individual returns to wealth using twelve years of population data from Norway’s administrative tax records. We document a number of novel results. First, during our sample period individuals earn markedly different average returns on their financial assets (a standard deviation of 14%) and on their net worth (a standard deviation of 8%). Second, heterogeneity in returns does not arise merely from differences in the allocation of wealth between safe and risky assets: returns are heterogeneous even within asset classes. Third, returns are positively correlated with wealth: moving from the 10th to the 90th percentile of the financial wealth distribution increases the return by 3 percentage points - and by 17 percentage points when the same exercise is performed for the return to net worth. Fourth, wealth returns exhibit substantial persistence over time. We argue that while this persistence partly reflects stable differences in risk exposure and assets scale, it also reflects persistent heterogeneity in sophistication and financial information, as well as entrepreneurial talent. Finally, wealth returns are (mildly) correlated across generations. We discuss the implications of these findings for several strands of the wealth inequality debate.
Author: John H. Cochrane
Publisher: Now Publishers Inc
ISBN: 1933019158
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 117
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Book Description
Financial Markets and the Real Economy reviews the current academic literature on the macroeconomics of finance.
Author: Edward Golosov
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
I investigate the effect of preference and belief heterogeneity on the term structure of risk premia in a continuous-time time economy with Epstein-Zin-Weil preferences. The slope of the term structure of equity risk premia is driven by heterogeneity in the agents' own prices of risk and the sensitivity of the equity market valuation to the changes in economic conditions. As a result, the slope can switch its sign in response to a significant shock to the aggregate consumption. Significant negative shocks shift the consumption and wealth toward the more "pessimistic" agent i.e. the agent with a higher risk aversion or more pessimistic beliefs. As a result, the equity market valuation changes from being pro-cyclical to counter-cyclical, which inverts the term structure. Thus, the model can generate a switch in the sign of the slope of the term structure of the dividend strip risk premia after the 2008-2009 global financial crisis, a result consistent with recent empirical studies and my own calibration based on a proprietary dataset of dividend swap prices.
