Low GWP (A2L) Refrigerant Safety PDF Download
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Author: Jason Obrzut, CMHE
Publisher: ESCO Institute
ISBN: 193004481X
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 98
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Book Description
As the HVACR industry continues to move forward and innovate, the refrigerants that were once so commonplace are now being phased out. Replacing them are more energy efficient, environmentally friendlier refrigerants, known as Low GWP refrigerants. Many of these new refrigerants are classified by ASHRAE as A2L, or slightly flammable. The industry is also seeing expanded use of some hydrocarbon (A3) refrigerants, such as propane and isobutane. Students and technicians will require additional training for the safe handling and transportation of these refrigerants. The Low GWP refrigerant program manual covers: Refrigerant safety Introduction to Low GWP refrigerants Refrigerant properties and characteristics The refrigeration cycle Working with refrigerant blends Proper installation and service guidelines Flammable refrigerant considerations Explanation of the associated codes and standards for A2L refrigerants
Author: Jason Obrzut, CMHE
Publisher: ESCO Institute
ISBN: 193004481X
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 98
Get Book Here
Book Description
As the HVACR industry continues to move forward and innovate, the refrigerants that were once so commonplace are now being phased out. Replacing them are more energy efficient, environmentally friendlier refrigerants, known as Low GWP refrigerants. Many of these new refrigerants are classified by ASHRAE as A2L, or slightly flammable. The industry is also seeing expanded use of some hydrocarbon (A3) refrigerants, such as propane and isobutane. Students and technicians will require additional training for the safe handling and transportation of these refrigerants. The Low GWP refrigerant program manual covers: Refrigerant safety Introduction to Low GWP refrigerants Refrigerant properties and characteristics The refrigeration cycle Working with refrigerant blends Proper installation and service guidelines Flammable refrigerant considerations Explanation of the associated codes and standards for A2L refrigerants
Author: United Nations Environment Programme. Refrigeration, Air Conditioning, and Heat Pumps Technical Options Committee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air conditioning
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
Author: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521863360
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 500
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Book Description
Publisher Description
Author: United Nations Environment Programme: Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps Technical Options Committee
Publisher: UNEP
ISBN: 9789280728224
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer was designed so that the phase out schedules could be revised on the basis of periodic scientific and technological assessments. Since the 2002 Assessment of the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel, a large number of technical developments have taken place. The Panel's six Technical Options Committees have each issued a 2006 Assessment Report that document these developments. The present publication contains the report on refrigeration and air conditioning. Publishing Agency: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
Author: Fabio Polonara
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3039438239
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 180
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Book Description
Refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat pumps (RACHP) have an important impact on the final energy uses of many sectors of modern society, such as residential, commercial, industrial, transport, and automotive. Moreover, RACHP also have an important environmental impact due to the working fluids that deplete the stratospheric ozone layer, which are being phased out according to the Montreal Protocol (1989). Last, but not least, high global working potential (GWP), working fluids (directly), and energy consumption (indirectly) are responsible for a non-negligible quota of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the atmosphere, thus impacting climate change.
Author: Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. Hafner
Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN: 9289359412
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 80
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Book Description
Fishing vessels can be equipped with energy efficient refrigeration technology applying natural working fluids. Ammonia refrigeration systems have been the first choice, but CO2 units have also become increasingly common in the maritime sector in the last few years. When retrofitting or implementing CO2 refrigeration plants, less space on board is required and such units allow good service and maintenance. Nowadays, cruise ship owners prefer CO2 units for the provision refrigeration plants.Ship owners, responsible for the health and safety of the crew and passengers, must carefully evaluate the usage of flammable low GWP working fluids, due to a high risk that toxic decomposition products are formed, even without the presence of an open flame. Suggestions for further work include a Nordic Technology Hub for global marine refrigeration R&D and development support for key components.
Author: Shan K. Wang
Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1430
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Book Description
* A broad range of disciplines--energy conservation and air quality issues, construction and design, and the manufacture of temperature-sensitive products and materials--is covered in this comprehensive handbook * Provide essential, up-to-date HVAC data, codes, standards, and guidelines, all conveniently located in one volume * A definitive reference source on the design, selection and operation of A/C and refrigeration systems
Author: Ibrahim Din¿er
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119230780
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 990
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Book Description
The definitive text/reference for students, researchers and practicing engineers This book provides comprehensive coverage on refrigeration systems and applications, ranging from the fundamental principles of thermodynamics to food cooling applications for a wide range of sectoral utilizations. Energy and exergy analyses as well as performance assessments through energy and exergy efficiencies and energetic and exergetic coefficients of performance are explored, and numerous analysis techniques, models, correlations and procedures are introduced with examples and case studies. There are specific sections allocated to environmental impact assessment and sustainable development studies. Also featured are discussions of important recent developments in the field, including those stemming from the author’s pioneering research. Refrigeration is a uniquely positioned multi-disciplinary field encompassing mechanical, chemical, industrial and food engineering, as well as chemistry. Its wide-ranging applications mean that the industry plays a key role in national and international economies. And it continues to be an area of active research, much of it focusing on making the technology as environmentally friendly and sustainable as possible without compromising cost efficiency and effectiveness. This substantially updated and revised edition of the classic text/reference now features two new chapters devoted to renewable-energy-based integrated refrigeration systems and environmental impact/sustainability assessment. All examples and chapter-end problems have been updated as have conversion factors and the thermophysical properties of an array of materials. Provides a solid foundation in the fundamental principles and the practical applications of refrigeration technologies Examines fundamental aspects of thermodynamics, refrigerants, as well as energy and exergy analyses and energy and exergy based performance assessment criteria and approaches Introduces environmental impact assessment methods and sustainability evaluation of refrigeration systems and applications Covers basic and advanced (and hence integrated) refrigeration cycles and systems, as well as a range of novel applications Discusses crucial industrial, technical and operational problems, as well as new performance improvement techniques and tools for better design and analysis Features clear explanations, numerous chapter-end problems and worked-out examples Refrigeration Systems and Applications, Third Edition is an indispensable working resource for researchers and practitioners in the areas of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. It is also an ideal textbook for graduate and senior undergraduate students in mechanical, chemical, biochemical, industrial and food engineering disciplines.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Refrigeration and refrigerating machinery
Languages : en
Pages : 656
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Book Description
Author: Rex Miller
Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN: 0071487417
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 627
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Book Description
BE AN AC AND REFRIGERATION ACE- NO MATTER WHAT YOUR PRESENT LEVEL OF SKILL! Air Conditioning and Refrigeration helps you understand today's cooling and climate control systems-so expertly that you can use it as the foundation for a career! Clear instructions-with over 800 photographs and illustrations-offer step-by-step guidance to learning the trade for students, professionals, and homeowners who want to do their own installations or repairs. LEARN WITH THE PROS Written by experienced teachers Rex and Mark R. Miller-whose Carpentry & Construction has been a building classic for more than 25 years-Air Conditioning and Refrigeration has all the task-simplifying details you need for any project. In the popular Miller style, this complete and current guide helps: New and student technicians. Build on-the-job skills and the knowledge needed to succeed in a fast-growing, lucrative field. AC and refrigeration pros. Refine and update skills, with full information on the latest cost-cutting technologies, refrigerants, and tools. Do-it-yourselfers and homeowners. Make expert equipment and tool choices and achieve superior results, economically. Service personnel, technicians, contractors, engineers, and facility managers. Find up-to-date information on codes, standards, safety tips, and methods. Anyone who needs clear, illustrated, step-by-step instructions for efficient, cost-effective, and current methods in choosing, installing, maintaining, troubleshooting, servicing, and repairing today's AC and refrigeration equipment.
