Guaranteed Minimum Income Schemes in Europe: Landscape and Design PDF Download
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Author: David Coady
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1513584375
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Book Description
This paper provides an overview of the design of means-tested Guaranteed Minimum Income schemes, which constitute an important component of social protection systems in European countries. It discusses how key design features differ across countries, including how countries balance the primary objective of poverty alleviation against the desire to both manage the work disincentives inherent in such programs and contain fiscal cost. The analysis finds a clear trade-off between both concerns in practice, with many countries combining low generosity with low benefit withdrawal rates (BWRs) thus prioritizing employment incentives over the primary objective of poverty alleviation. Many countries can reduce this trade off by combining higher generosity with higher BWRs. Countries with very high BWRs should consider reducing these, including through allowing income disregards and time dependent (rather than income-dependent) benefit withdrawal. The work disincentives associated with higher BWRs can also be attenuated through strengthening complementary activation policies that incentivize and support participation in the labor market.
Author: David Coady
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1513584375
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 40
Get Book Here
Book Description
This paper provides an overview of the design of means-tested Guaranteed Minimum Income schemes, which constitute an important component of social protection systems in European countries. It discusses how key design features differ across countries, including how countries balance the primary objective of poverty alleviation against the desire to both manage the work disincentives inherent in such programs and contain fiscal cost. The analysis finds a clear trade-off between both concerns in practice, with many countries combining low generosity with low benefit withdrawal rates (BWRs) thus prioritizing employment incentives over the primary objective of poverty alleviation. Many countries can reduce this trade off by combining higher generosity with higher BWRs. Countries with very high BWRs should consider reducing these, including through allowing income disregards and time dependent (rather than income-dependent) benefit withdrawal. The work disincentives associated with higher BWRs can also be attenuated through strengthening complementary activation policies that incentivize and support participation in the labor market.
Author: António Afonso
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 1839109165
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 459
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Book Description
Examining the increasingly relevant topic of public sector efficiency, this dynamic Handbook investigates the context of constrained fiscal space and public funding sources using cross-country datasets in areas including China, India and sub-Saharan Africa and OECD economies.
Author: Margaret Grosh
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464818150
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 398
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Book Description
Targeting is a commonly used, but much debated, policy tool within global social assistance practice. Revisiting Targeting in Social Assistance: A New Look at Old Dilemmas examines the well-known dilemmas in light of the growing body of experience, new implementation capacities, and the potential to bring new data and data science to bear.The book begins by considering why or whether or how narrowly or broadly to target different parts of social assistance and updates the global empirics around the outcomes and costs of targeting. It illustrates the choices that must be made in moving from an abstract vision to implementable definitions and procedures, and in deciding how the choices should be informed by values, empirics, and context. The importance of delivery systems and processes to distributional outcomes are emphasized, and many facets with room for improvement are discussed. The book also explores the choices between targeting methods and how differences in purposes and contexts shape those. The know-how with respect to the data and inference used by the different household-specific targeting methods is summarized and comprehensively updated, including a focus on “big data” and machine learning. A primer on measurement issues is included.Key findings include the following: - Targeting selected categories, families, or individuals plays a valuable role within the framework of universal social protection. - Measuring the accuracy and cost of targeting can be done in many ways, and judicious choices require a range of metrics. - Weighing the relatively low costs of targeting against the potential gains is important. - Implementing inclusive delivery systems is critical for reducing errors of exclusion and inclusion. - Selecting and customizing the appropriate targeting method depends on purpose and context; there is no method preferred in all circumstances. - Leveraging advances in technology--ICT, big data, artificial intelligence, machine learning--can improve targeting accuracy, but they are not a panacea; better data matters more than sophistication in inference. - Targeting social protection should be a dynamic process.
Author: Stéphane Carcillo
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 1839106956
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 527
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Book Description
This Handbook provides an insightful analysis of how long-term transformations are impacting labour markets globally. It argues for a proactive approach to market regulation that promotes mobility by anticipating labour market needs and disruptions before they become crises.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264330763
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 177
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Book Description
Spain has a high share of the working age population at risk of poverty or social exclusion and a high incidence of child poverty. While Spain has introduced a minimum income at the national level, social inclusion policies are the responsibility of the regions.
Author: Fernanda Brollo
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 27
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Book Description
Social protection programs are crucial for stabilizing household income, especially during crises. Brazil's response to the pandemic, the Auxilio Emergencial (AE) program, demonstrated the value of a resilient social safety net and digital tools. This study assesses AE's effectiveness in income stabilization, poverty reduction, and inequality. Results show that the pre-pandemic social protection system would have only buffered about a quarter of income loss, with unemployment insurance more significant for higher-income households, and social safety net transfers crucial for lower-income households, especially those in informal employment. AE successfully supported lower-income households during the pandemic, but its generosity went beyond the stabilization of income, resulting in large fiscal costs.
Author: International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Book Description
Belgium: Selected Issues
Author: Ugo Gentilini
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464815119
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 325
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Book Description
Universal basic income (UBI) is emerging as one of the most hotly debatedissues in development and social protection policy. But what are thefeatures of UBI? What is it meant to achieve? How do we know, andwhat don’t we know, about its performance? What does it take to implementit in practice? Drawing from global evidence, literature, and survey data, thisvolume provides a framework to elucidate issues and trade-offs in UBI with a viewto help inform choices around its appropriateness and feasibility in different contexts.Specifically, the book examines how UBI differs from or complements othersocial assistance programs in terms of objectives, coverage, incidence, adequacy,incentives, effects on poverty and inequality, financing, political economy, andimplementation. It also reviews past and current country experiences, surveys thefull range of existing policy proposals, provides original results from micro–tax benefitsimulations, and sets out a range of considerations around the analytics andpractice of UBI.
Author: International Monetary
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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Book Description
The International Monetary Fund’s engagement on social safety net (SSN) issues is likely to expand as member countries respond to growing challenges in the economic and fiscal landscape. SSNs play a crucial role in protecting households from poverty, promoting inclusive growth, and maintaining social stability. This technical note discusses (1) the different channels through which SSN spending may become macro-critical, (2) how to assess the importance of these channels, and (3) the types of policy responses that are appropriate and the trade-offs involved in choosing among them. To facilitate a more comprehensive assessment of SSN spending, the paper also examines the complementary role of labor market programs (for example, unemployment benefits and active labor market programs). The paper emphasizes the importance of early engagement and coordination with development partners with expertise on social safety nets and with different stakeholders when formulating policy advice.
Author: Zhiyong An
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 16
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Book Description
Japan’s unemployment rate remains relatively low compared to other OECD countries. However, Japan’s poverty rate among the working-age population is one of the higher ones among OECD countries. The public assistance program in Japan does not provide adequate income support for the working poor and creates inherent work disincentives. In this context, the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) warrants consideration to strengthen the social safety net and relieve poverty of the working poor in Japan. This paper provides an overview of the theoretical and practical issues of EITC, aiming to support its potential introduction in Japan.
