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Author: Rodrigo Britto Molina
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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Book Description
Author: Rodrigo Britto Molina
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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Author: Mohammad Kamruzzaman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Yasunari Ogihara
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 4431556753
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 421
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Book Description
This proceedings is a collection of 46 selected papers that were presented at the 12th International Wheat Genetics Symposium (IWGS). Since the launch of the wheat genome sequencing project in 2005, the arrival of draft genome sequences has marked a new era in wheat genetics and genomics, catalyzing rapid advancement in the field. This book provides a comprehensive review of the forefront of wheat research, across various important topics such as germplasm and genetic diversity, cytogenetics and allopolyploid evolution, genome sequencing, structural and functional genomics, gene function and molecular biology, biotic stress, abiotic stress, grain quality, and classical and molecular breeding. Following an introduction, 9 parts of the book are dedicated to each of these topics. A final, 11th part entitled “Toward Sustainable Wheat Production” contains 7 excellent papers that were presented in the 12th IWGS Special Session supported by the OECD. With rapid population growth and radical climate changes, the world faces a global food crisis and is in need of another Green Revolution to boost yields of wheat and other widely grown staple crops. Although this book focuses on wheat, many of the newly developed techniques and results presented here can be applied to other plant species with large and complex genomes. As such, this volume is highly recommended for all students and researchers in wheat sciences and related plant sciences and for those who are interested in stable food production and food security.
Author: Elina Adhikari
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Wheat production has been improved significantly through plant breeding and agronomic practices. Nonetheless, the yield drive came with the cost of reduced genetic diversity in elite varieties. Bottleneck due to domestication, complexity in gene sharing due to polyploidization, loss of genetic diversity during hybridization, and years of selective breeding during commercialization narrowed the genetic base of the hexaploid wheat as compared to its wild counterparts. Availability of ancestral genomes in the wild relatives provides a fallback option for finding new allelic diversity required in wheat breeding. The wheat wild relatives are adapted to a wide range of climatic conditions. However, only a small fraction of the existing genetic diversity has been used in improving the adaptive potential of the hexaploid wheat. In my dissertation, I study how wheat evolved to adapt to its local climate using two immediate progenitors of wheat, Ae. tauschii and wild emmer wheat. In my first study, I used wild emmer, a tetraploid wild relative of the hexaploid wheat to study the genetics of clinal adaptation in wild emmer. The major objective of this study is to understand the role of geography and climate in shaping the allele frequency distributions indicating clinal adaptation. This study identifies the genomic signatures of adaptation and uses them for predicting adaptive potential. I use 444 geo-referenced wild emmer accessions collected throughout the wide climatic range of Israel. Genotyping is carried out using the 90K iSelect SNP array (90K) and the sequence-based genotyping (GBS) and is mapped to a wild emmer reference genome. The GBS and 90 K respectively identify 341,228 SNPs and 26,548 SNPs, among which, 26,697 SNPs and 9,175 SNPs are retained for respective genotyping platforms. The analysis of population stratification revealed four genetically distinct groups of wild emmer accessions largely reflecting their geographic distribution. Pearson correlation among 103 historical bioclimatic variables identifies twenty-five unique climatic variables that are noncollinear (Person correlation 0.85). Partitioning of genetic variance shows that geography and climate together explain 44% of genetic variations among emmer accessions with climatic factors accounting for 10% of the SNP variance. The eco-geographic adaptation alleles identified through environmental association scans of historical on-site climatic data improved the prediction accuracy of the heading date by 9%. This research finds that geography and climate play a vital role in shaping the genetic diversity of the wild emmer wheat. In my second study, I examine the environmental drivers guiding the clinal adaptation in Ae. tauschii, one of the diploid wild relative of wheat. A genome-wide environmental scan is used to identify the climate associated alleles (CAA) and select a representative set of 21 Ae. tauschii accessions enriched for CAAs. Using the top six Kansas adapted wheat varieties as recurrent parents and the selected Ae. tauschii accessions as donor parents, inter-specific population carrying introgression of the Ae. tauschii alleles in the D genome. Three hundred and fifty-one inter-specific BC1F3:5 lines developed through direct hybridization are used in studying the genomic pattern of alien introgression. Using 136 georeferenced Ae. tauschii accessions collected throughout the wide range of climatic conditions, I find that the Ae. tauschii broad lineages segregate with the eco-geographic climatic gradients. Out of 103 historical bioclimatic variables, twelve unique non-collinear climatic variables were identified. Climate, geography, and climate together with geography, respectively, explain 28%, 55%, and 65% of the SNPs variation. A genome-wide environmental scan identified a total of 508 CAAs, out of which 322 were successfully transferred into the Ae. tauschii-wheat inter-specific population. A separate analysis using the same data finds that hybrid sterility, reduced introgression in the pericentromeric regions, and reduced retention of the introgressed alleles in regions carrying domestication gene contribute to low retention of alien introgression in the inter-specific population. The field-based evaluation of 351 introgression lines in drought vs rainfed trials showed that 25 % of these lines outperform the best checks, implying successful introgression of beneficial variants positively affecting wheat performance under stress conditions. However, more in-depth analysis is required to understand the effect of these alien introgressions on wheat performance. Overall, my research demonstrates the tremendous potential of wild relatives' genetic diversity for breeding climate-resilient wheat.
Author: Nusret Zencirci
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030773884
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 268
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Book Description
Landraces possess a very large genetic base in population structure and are dynamic populations of cultivated plants with historical origin, distinct identity, and without any formal crop improvement. They are often genetically diverse, locally adapted, and associated with traditional farming systems. Resistance genes to biotic and abiotic stress factors, which are especially diversified in landraces, are of great interest to plant breeders, faced with global climate challenge. In addition, gene pools made of different landraces grown in different ecological conditions can be used for wheat breeding to enhance quality; yield and other desirable agricultural parameters. An estimated 75% of the genetic diversity of crop plants was lost in the last century due to the replacement of high yielding modern varieties. There is, thus, an urgent need to preserve existing species, not only for posterity but also as a means to secure food supply for a rising world population. In this book, we provide an overview of wheat landraces with special attention to genetic diversities, conservation, and utilization.
Author: Solomon Gelalcha Woyessa
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783845475622
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 104
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Book Description
Genetic information, especially about the nature of combining ability and type of gene action governing inheritance of important traits are guidelines to a breeder in selecting parents for development of hybrids, varieties and lines. This book is about results of research conducted on non segregating generations (parents and F1s ) and selected segregating (F2) population derived from 12 elite bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes following line by tester mating system. Parameters such as days to flowering and maturity; plant height, number of tillers per plant; peduncle length; spike length; total biomass per plant; number of grains per spike; grain yield per plant; 100-grain weight; and harvest index were analyzed and moreover, rust resistance mechanism was also considered. The objective is to reveal information on extent of heterosis and inbreeding depression; nature of gene action; extent of variability and genetic advance; association of component traits with each other and grain yield; and the way the component traits affect grain yield and finally rust resistance mechanisms. The book is helpful to mid-level researchers and students who seek to know more about wheat.
Author: Mohar Singh
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128020377
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 386
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Book Description
Genetic and Genomic Resources For Cereals Improvement is the first book to bring together the latest available genetic resources and genomics to facilitate the identification of specific germplasm, trait mapping, and allele mining that are needed to more effectively develop biotic and abiotic-stress-resistant grains. As grain cereals, including rice, wheat, maize, barley, sorghum, and millets constitute the bulk of global diets, both of vegetarian and non-vegetarian, there is a greater need for further genetic improvement, breeding, and plant genetic resources to secure the future food supply. This book is an invaluable resource for researchers, crop biologists, and students working with crop development and the changes in environmental climate that have had significant impact on crop production. It includes the latest information on tactics that ensure that environmentally robust genes and crops resilient to climate change are identified and preserved. - Provides a single-volume resource on the global research work on grain cereals genetics and genomics - Presents information for effectively managing and utilizing the genetic resources of this core food supply source - Includes coverage of rice, wheat, maize, barley, sorghum, and pearl, finger and foxtail millets
Author: A. Mujeeb-Kazi
Publisher: CIMMYT
ISBN: 968692308X
Category : Biodiversity
Languages : en
Pages : 165
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Book Description
Author: K V. Tulshibagwale
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Book Description
Author: Munir Ozturk
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128195673
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 388
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Book Description
Climate Change and Food Security with Emphasis on Wheat is the first book to present the full scope of research in wheat improvement, revealing the correlations to global issues including climate change and global warming which contribute to food security issues. Wheat plays a key role in the health of the global economy. As the world population continuously increases, economies modernize, and incomes rise, wheat production will have to increase dramatically to secure it as a reliable and sustainable food source. Since covering more land area with wheat crops is not a sustainable option, future wheat crops must have consistently higher yields and be able to resist and/or tolerate biotic and abiotic stresses that result from climate change. Addressing the biophysical and socioeconomic constraints of producing high-yielding, disease-resistant, and good quality wheat, this book will aid in research efforts to increase and stabilize wheat production worldwide. Written by an international team of experts, Climate Change and Food Security with Emphasis on Wheat is an excellent resource for academics, researchers, and students interested in wheat and grain research, especially as it is relevant to food security. - Covers a wide range of disciplines, including plant breeding, genetics, agronomy, physiology, pathology, quantitative genetics and genomics, biotechnology and gene editing - Explores the effect of climate change on biotic stresses (stripe rust, stem rust, leaf rust, Karnal bunt, spot blotch) on wheat production and utilization of biotechnology - Focuses on whole genome sequencing and next-generation sequencing technologies to improve wheat quality and address the issue of malnutrition in developing world
