Genecology of 20 Paper Birch (Betula Papyrifera Marsh.) Provenances from British Columbia and Northern Idaho PDF Download
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Author: Nicole Balliet
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Paper birch is an ecologically valuable species with a broad geographic distribution and increasingly valuable commercial attributes. Its diversity, versatility and enduring nature make it an ideal candidate for a selective breeding program. However, an understanding of the genecology of the species and an understanding of the potential impacts of climate change will be fundamental to its success. The objectives of the trail were to determine if the phenotypic variability observed in paper birch for certain traits was due to genetics, the growing environment or an interaction between the two. Traits examined were bud flush (phenological) and height growth (morphological). Whether or not nursery practices were a factor was also examined. Twenty provenances of paper birch were collected from five regions in British Columbia (BC) and northern Idaho. Seedlings were grown at three nurseries in BC and Idaho and planted in a randomized single tree interlocking block design in three common gardens in BC and Idaho. Geographic variation in the timing of bud burst in paper birch is under genetic and environmental control. It follows climatic clines based on latitude, longitude and elevation. The signal for the onset of spring bud flush is determined by an interaction between air and soil temperature and photoperiod. Long distance displacement of provenances from their site of origin can lead to detrimental abiotic and biotic effects such as frost or pest damage. Differences in stock handling among nurseries and nursery displacement effects also influenced the growth and survival of some provenances. This information will be useful when developing seed zones and seed transfer guidelines for paper birch in BC. It will also help mitigate the potential impacts of climate change and will be beneficial if a selective breeding program is established.
Author: Nicole Balliet
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Paper birch is an ecologically valuable species with a broad geographic distribution and increasingly valuable commercial attributes. Its diversity, versatility and enduring nature make it an ideal candidate for a selective breeding program. However, an understanding of the genecology of the species and an understanding of the potential impacts of climate change will be fundamental to its success. The objectives of the trail were to determine if the phenotypic variability observed in paper birch for certain traits was due to genetics, the growing environment or an interaction between the two. Traits examined were bud flush (phenological) and height growth (morphological). Whether or not nursery practices were a factor was also examined. Twenty provenances of paper birch were collected from five regions in British Columbia (BC) and northern Idaho. Seedlings were grown at three nurseries in BC and Idaho and planted in a randomized single tree interlocking block design in three common gardens in BC and Idaho. Geographic variation in the timing of bud burst in paper birch is under genetic and environmental control. It follows climatic clines based on latitude, longitude and elevation. The signal for the onset of spring bud flush is determined by an interaction between air and soil temperature and photoperiod. Long distance displacement of provenances from their site of origin can lead to detrimental abiotic and biotic effects such as frost or pest damage. Differences in stock handling among nurseries and nursery displacement effects also influenced the growth and survival of some provenances. This information will be useful when developing seed zones and seed transfer guidelines for paper birch in BC. It will also help mitigate the potential impacts of climate change and will be beneficial if a selective breeding program is established.
Author: United States. Forest Service
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Paper birch
Languages : en
Pages : 8
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Author: Tracy Lynn Sherman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Paper birch
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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"This thesis tested whether two- and three-year old under-planted Abies /asiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt., Thuja plicata Donn ex. D. Don, Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco, and Picea glauca x P. engelmannii (Moench) Voss seedlings responded to changes in light quantity and spectral quality (measured by red to far-red ratios) under five densities of overstory paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) on a site in the interior cedar hemlock (ICHmk2) subzone, about 80 km east of Williams Lake, British Columbia. The five B. papyrifera densities were 0 (clearcut), 400, 800, 1200 stems ha-1 , and unthinned (> 10,000 stems ha-1 ). Generally, light quantity and red to far-red ratio increased three-fold in the clear-cut compared to the unthinned paper birch treatment. Conifer photosynthesis and percent foliar nitrogen was greater on the clear-cut compared to other paper birch densities. Total biomass was three-fold greater in the clear-cut grown seedlings of A. lasiocarpa, P. menziesii, and P. glauca x P. engelmannii, while for the most shade tolerant species, T plicata, the difference was two-fold. Similarly, relative growth rate increased for all species as birch density decreased. Results showed that A. lasiocarpa, P. menziesii, and P. glauca x P. engelmannii were more plastic in their photosynthetic and growth responses to increasing light compared to T plicata. Growth response to variation in light may be an important factor when deciding on appropriate densities of overstory paper birch for different under-planted conifer species."--Page iii.
Author: United States. Forest Service
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 7
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Author: Kelly A. Omand
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Trees
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Author: Kirstin Anne Campbell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Management of paper birch in mixedwood stands is a sustainable forest management practice. In addition to the ecological and economical benefits of mixedwoods, paper birch trees can maintain or enhance slope stability. This thesis attempted to quantify the contribution of birch root reinforcement in BC to slope shear resistance. The objectives of this thesis were to determine the: 1) genetic variation in paper birch root reinforcement, 2) environmental variation in root reinforcement between birch and pine, and 3) differences in root reinforcement between birch and pine. The first study compared the contribution of birch and pine roots (from different populations growing in three soil types) to soil shear resistance using two controlled environment shear tests (Sonotube and Polytube Experiments). The second study (Tree Uprooting Experiment) compared the vertical uprooting resistance of birch and pine growing in different soil types at three field study sites. The third study (Genecology Experiment) determined the variation of four birch populations growing at one location. Results from the tube experiments found that the roots of birch and pine trees contributed to a significant increase in shear strength, regardless of soil type. At a depth of 20-44 cm, paper birch increased shear strength by as much 88%, while pine increased strength by as much as 61%. There was little variation in root reinforcement among the six birch populations in the Sonotube Experiment, which suggested that these trees were from one generalist population rather than six specialist populations. Soil texture affected the root reinforcement of birch and pine in the Polytube Experiment~ both species had the highest root reinforcement in coarse textured sand and the least root reinforcement in medium textured silt. The limiting factor in root reinforcement, in this case, was attributed to a lack of water and nutrients in the silt soil. In the Tree Uprooting Experiment, birch trees had 50% greater resistance to uprooting than did pine trees. Small diameter birch and pine at Aleza Lake had greater uprooting resistance than birch and pine at other field sites. However, larger diameter trees at Gregg Creek and Red Rock had greater uprooting resistance than similar size trees at Aleza Lake. Soil strength and moisture content may have accounted for the uprooting resistance differences among diameter classes at Aleza Lake. Results from the Genecology Experiment showed that the Skeena population had the greatest uprooting resistance, and the greatest height, diameter, and root biomass compared to the other three populations. The results from companion trials, and from the uprooting tests suggested that Skeena trees represent a generalist population. In the same experiment, the nursery where the trees were grown impacted uprooting resistance, even after five years growing in the field. The results from this study reconfirmed the significant length of time nursery can affect field performance. Significant findings arising from this thesis were that: 1) birch saplings have greater root strength than pine across all soil types, 2) root system structure has an important role in root reinforcement between tree species, 3) root reinforcement is maximized by birch and pine when growing in freely drained, cohesionless sandy soil, and 4) further study of birch genecology is needed to identify generalist, high performing populations such as Skeena. Overall, managing for mixedwoods in BC has both ecological and economical benefits, including enhanced slope stability.
Author: Rhonda Lynn DeLong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Armillaria root rot
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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"The overall goal of this study was to investigate the role of fluorescent pseudomonad bacteria in the resistance of paper birch to infection by the root rot fungus Armillaria ostoyae in the southern interior of British Columbia. The objectives of this study were to compare the population sizes of pseudomonads in the rhizosphere of pure birch, pure Douglas-fir and mixed stands of the two species and investigate the incidence and strength of antagonism exhibited by fluorescent pseudomonad bacteria isolated from these different stand types toward Armillaria ostoyae in dual culture in vitro experiments. The pseudomonad populations were determined by growing paper birch and Douglas-fir seedlings in soils collected from young and mature birch, Douglas-fir and mixed stands and isolating the pseudomonads from the roots of these seedlings. The birch stands supported an average of 4 times more pseudomonads than the Douglas-fir stands and the mixed stands had intermediate populations. The young stands had twice as many rhizosphere pseudomonads as the mature stands. There was no difference in the populations of pseudomonads isolated from the paper birch and Douglas-fir seedlings grown in the same soil types on a per seedling basis. Th
Author: Maria Morgenstern
Publisher: UBC Press
ISBN: 077484177X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 224
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Book Description
Geographic Variation in Forest Trees is the first book to examine this subject from a world-wide perspective. The author discusses population genetic theory and genetic systems of native North American tree species as they interact with environments in the major climatic regions in the world. He then demonstrates how this knowledge is used to guide seed zoning and seed transfer in silviculture, basing much of his discussion on models developed in Scandinavia and North America. In the final chapter, the author addresses the issue of genetic conservation -- a subject of great concern in the face of accelerated forest destruction, industrial pollution, and climatic change. This comprehensive, well-researched book makes a significant contribution to the knowledge of one of our most important renewable natural resources.
Author: Jud G. Isebrands
Publisher: CABI
ISBN: 1780641087
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 700
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Book Description
Poplars and willows form an important component of forestry and agricultural systems, providing a wide range of wood and non-wood products. This book synthesizes research on poplars and willows, providing a practical worldwide overview and guide to their basic characteristics, cultivation and use, issues, problems and trends. Prominence is given to environmental benefits and the importance of poplar and willow cultivation in meeting the needs of people and communities, sustainable livelihoods, land use and development.
Author: Brain F. Chabot
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400948301
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 704
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Although, as W.D. Billings notes in his chapter in this book. the development of physiological ecology can be traced back to the very beginnings of the study of ecology it is clear that the modern development of this field in North America is due in the large part to the efforts of Billings alone. The foundation that Billings laid in the late 1950s came from his own studies on deserts and subsequently arctic and alpine plants, and also from his enormous success in instilling enthusiasm for the field in the numerous students attracted to the plant ecology program at Duke University. Billings' own studies provided the model for subsequent work in this field. Physiological techniques. normally confined to the laboratory. were brought into the field to examine processes under natural environmental conditions. These field studies were accompanied by experiments under controlled conditions where the relative impact of various factors could be assessed and further where genetic as opposed to environmental influences could be separated. This blending of field and laboratory approaches promoted the design of experiments which were of direct relevance to understanding the distribution and abundance of plants in nature. Physiological mechanisms were studied and assessed in the context of the functioning of plants under natural conditions rather than as an end in itself.
