Author: Mark T Bradshaw
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Managers, security analysts, investors, and the press rely increasingly on modified definitions of GAAP net income, known by such names as 'operating' and 'pro forma' earnings. We document this phenomenon and discuss competing explanations for the recent rise in the use of such modified earnings numbers and implications for the interpretation of related accounting research. Our results show that over the past 20 years there has been a dramatic increase in the frequency and magnitude of cases where 'GAAP' and 'Street' earnings differ. Further, there is a very strong bias toward the reporting of a Street earnings number that exceeds the GAAP earnings number. We also show that the market response to the Street earnings number has displaced GAAP earnings as a primary determinant of stock prices. Finally, through an analysis of earnings releases, we show that management has taken a proactive role in defining and emphasizing the Street number when communicating to analysts and investors.
Author: Daniel A. Cohen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 47
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Book Description
Bradshaw and Sloan (2002) document a significant increase in the difference between the earnings response coefficients (ERCs) for GAAP and Street (I/B/E/S) earnings over the 1990s, suggesting that the market has become increasingly reliant or fixated on Street earnings. In this study we investigate whether, alternatively, an errors in variables problem caused by a mismatch between the definitions of realized and expected earnings drives the ERC divergence. Our findings suggest that results from conventional analyses of GAAP and Street ERCs, including the ERC divergence pattern, are significantly contaminated by measurement errors in earnings surprises.
Author: Stéphanie Fournier
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 57
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Book Description
Author: Frank Heflin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 53
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Book Description
While conditional conservatism is useful to investors and creditors for various reasons, it potentially reduces the usefulness of GAAP earnings for valuation by investors. Consistent with this conjecture, we find evidence suggesting that conditional conservatism reduces GAAP earnings persistence, makes income smoothing more difficult, reduces GAAP earnings informativeness, and makes forecasting GAAP earnings more difficult for analysts. We predict and find that analysts respond to investor demands for earnings without some of the consequences of GAAP conditional conservatism and forecast Street earnings numbers with less conditional conservatism. The decrease in conditional conservatism from adjusting GAAP earnings to arrive at Street earnings leads to improvements in earnings properties (persistence, smoothing, and earnings response coefficients) and in analysts' forecast properties (less error and less dispersion). Further, we find that as GAAP conditional conservatism increases, (1) Street earnings more likely differ from GAAP earnings, and (2) the magnitude of the difference between Street and GAAP earnings increases. Finally, we find that the exclusions used to calculate Street earnings are of higher quality (i.e., less persistence for future operating earnings) for firms with higher GAAP conditional conservatism. Our results are consistent with the notion that analysts' exclusions improve the usefulness of Street earnings to investors as conditional conservatism of GAAP earnings increases.
Author: Nancy B. Nichols
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issued Regulation G (implementing Section 401 (b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002) in 2003 subsequent to its warning in December 2001 about reporting misleading non-GAAP or pro forma results. This research provides a longitudinal analysis of the earnings releases of a sample of companies reporting pro forma results from 1999 through 2004, especially in the context of recent SEC action. The research examines (1) the specific items included in pro forma adjustments and their frequency, (2) the extent of materiality or magnitude of the adjustments compared to GAAP, and (3) the stated rationale for the adjustments. The research also specifically addresses the impact of the SEC's recent guidance and the extent to which Regulation G has modified pro forma reporting behavior. Our findings indicate pro forma adjustments have continued to be systematically biased in recent years to show significantly higher earnings compared to GAAP earnings and that the magnitude of such differences is highly material. While SEC action, particularly Regulation G, appears to have greatly reduced the number of companies disclosing non-GAAP financial measures and has improved transparency, a significant number of companies continue to make adjustments that are likely of concern to the SEC.
Author: Gary Previts
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080462812
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 378
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Book Description
The scope of service provided by professional accountants is influenced by legislation and case law as well as the dictates of a variety of government and private sector agencies; including State Boards of Accountancy, Academic Accreditation Bodies, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, the Public Accounting Oversight Board, independent standard setting bodies such as the Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board [US], the Financial Accounting Standards Board [US] and the International Accounting Standards Board. These entities and self-regulatory organizations such as U.S. State Societies of CPAs and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and equivalent and emerging national bodies that exist in most developed and developing countries, are among the emerging entities which attempt to coordinate the activities of professional accountants among sovereign nations. It is important for academics, students, practitioners, regulators and researchers to consider and study the role and relationship of such bodies with the practice and content of our discipline. Research in Accounting Regulation seeks high quality manuscripts which address accounting regulatory policy, broadly defined, including: 1. self regulatory activities 2. case law and litigation 3. legislation and government regulation 4. the economics of regulation of markets, and disclosure, including modeling 5. matters involving the structure of education, licensing, and accreditation The editors encourage submission of original empirical, behavioral or applied research manuscripts which consider strategic and policy implications for regulation, regulatory models and markets. It is intended for individual researchers, practitioners, regulators and students of accountancy who desire to increase their understanding of the regulation of accountancy.
Author: Jeff Coulton
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780994369734
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Baruch Lev
Publisher: Harvard Business Press
ISBN: 142211502X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 394
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Book Description
A guide to dealing with Wall Street in order to boost a company's earnings and stock price features advice for executives on such topics as addressing investors' concerns and maintaining credibility on Wall Street.
Author: Baruch Lev
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119191084
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 268
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Book Description
An innovative new valuation framework with truly useful economic indicators The End of Accounting and the Path Forward for Investors and Managers shows how the ubiquitous financial reports have become useless in capital market decisions and lays out an actionable alternative. Based on a comprehensive, large-sample empirical analysis, this book reports financial documents' continuous deterioration in relevance to investors' decisions. An enlightening discussion details the reasons why accounting is losing relevance in today's market, backed by numerous examples with real-world impact. Beyond simply identifying the problem, this report offers a solution—the Value Creation Report—and demonstrates its utility in key industries. New indicators focus on strategy and execution to identify and evaluate a company's true value-creating resources for a more up-to-date approach to critical investment decision-making. While entire industries have come to rely on financial reports for vital information, these documents are flawed and insufficient when it comes to the way investors and lenders work in the current economic climate. This book demonstrates an alternative, giving you a new framework for more informed decision making. Discover a new, comprehensive system of economic indicators Focus on strategic, value-creating resources in company valuation Learn how traditional financial documents are quickly losing their utility Find a path forward with actionable, up-to-date information Major corporate decisions, such as restructuring and M&A, are predicated on financial indicators of profitability and asset/liabilities values. These documents move mountains, so what happens if they're based on faulty indicators that fail to show the true value of the company? The End of Accounting and the Path Forward for Investors and Managers shows you the reality and offers a new blueprint for more accurate valuation.
Author: Luz Parrondo
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 1803920599
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 305
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Book Description
Through careful classification of the opportunities and challenges facing current financial regulatory bodies, the Research Handbook on Financial Accounting inspects the financial implications of our ever-changing modern economic and environmental climate.
