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Author: Abigail Catherine Dommer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 266
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Book Description
Aerosols are solid or liquid particles suspended in the air that can have far-reaching impacts on climate and human health. Aerosols impact climate through their radiative properties and their ability to seed cloud droplets or ice crystals. They also provide surfaces at which heterogeneous multiphase reactions can occur and serve as sinks for atmospheric sulfur, carbon and nitrogen. From a human health perspective, the physical and chemical properties of aerosols including their size, shape, and composition, can impact their transfer and deposition into the lungs. Smaller particles in particular can contain pollutants and pathogens and are able to travel deeper into the bronchioles to trigger irritation and infection. This body of work applies molecular dynamics simulations to understand aerosol systems, investigating their morphologies, impacts on climate, and ultimately their role in transporting the airborne SARS-CoV-2 virus. Molecular simulation and analysis methods are integrated with experiment to first probe surfactant interfaces with varying levels of chemical complexity, then to explore whole aerosol dynamics and phase within the context of understanding impacts of sea spray aerosols (SSA) on climate. This work shows that 1) surfactant charge modulates the surface activity of Burkholderia cepacia lipase at lipid monolayer interfaces; 2) calcium enhances polysaccharide adsorption to fatty acid monolayers; and 3) divalent cations induce morphological changes in LPS-containing aerosols, hindering the reactive uptake of atmospheric nitric acid. This dissertation also describes methods for building large-scale, intact SSA models with full chemical complexity and shows how organic components distribute throughout the aerosol, suggesting that SSA may adopt microemulsion-like morphologies. Finally, a workflow is developed to build ultra-large systems for the study of airborne disease, demonstrating the successful construction and simulation of 1) the SARS-CoV-2 wild type envelope, and 2) a billion-atom respiratory aerosol containing the full breadth of chemical complexity, including the first all-atom model of the Delta SARS-CoV-2 envelope and never-before-modeled pulmonary mucins. The latter project presents the first atomic-level views of the SARS-CoV-2 virus within a respiratory aerosol and represents a novel approach to investigating the infection mechanisms of airborne pathogens.
Author: Abigail Catherine Dommer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 266
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Book Description
Aerosols are solid or liquid particles suspended in the air that can have far-reaching impacts on climate and human health. Aerosols impact climate through their radiative properties and their ability to seed cloud droplets or ice crystals. They also provide surfaces at which heterogeneous multiphase reactions can occur and serve as sinks for atmospheric sulfur, carbon and nitrogen. From a human health perspective, the physical and chemical properties of aerosols including their size, shape, and composition, can impact their transfer and deposition into the lungs. Smaller particles in particular can contain pollutants and pathogens and are able to travel deeper into the bronchioles to trigger irritation and infection. This body of work applies molecular dynamics simulations to understand aerosol systems, investigating their morphologies, impacts on climate, and ultimately their role in transporting the airborne SARS-CoV-2 virus. Molecular simulation and analysis methods are integrated with experiment to first probe surfactant interfaces with varying levels of chemical complexity, then to explore whole aerosol dynamics and phase within the context of understanding impacts of sea spray aerosols (SSA) on climate. This work shows that 1) surfactant charge modulates the surface activity of Burkholderia cepacia lipase at lipid monolayer interfaces; 2) calcium enhances polysaccharide adsorption to fatty acid monolayers; and 3) divalent cations induce morphological changes in LPS-containing aerosols, hindering the reactive uptake of atmospheric nitric acid. This dissertation also describes methods for building large-scale, intact SSA models with full chemical complexity and shows how organic components distribute throughout the aerosol, suggesting that SSA may adopt microemulsion-like morphologies. Finally, a workflow is developed to build ultra-large systems for the study of airborne disease, demonstrating the successful construction and simulation of 1) the SARS-CoV-2 wild type envelope, and 2) a billion-atom respiratory aerosol containing the full breadth of chemical complexity, including the first all-atom model of the Delta SARS-CoV-2 envelope and never-before-modeled pulmonary mucins. The latter project presents the first atomic-level views of the SARS-CoV-2 virus within a respiratory aerosol and represents a novel approach to investigating the infection mechanisms of airborne pathogens.
Author: Stanislaw R. Massel
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387690921
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 332
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Book Description
This book fills a gap in knowledge of breaking waves and their influence on the generation of marine fluxes from ocean surfaces. Based on published data as well as on the author's experience, the text explores in detail the relationship chain of breaking waves, whitecaps coverage, rate of wave energy dissipation, amount of aerosol fluxes rising from a given sea basin, and possible seasonal variations.
Author: Ernie R. Lewis
Publisher: American Geophysical Union
ISBN: 0875904173
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 423
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Book Description
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 152. Sea salt aerosol (SSA) exerts a major influence over a broad reach of geophysics. It is important to the physics and chemistry of the marine atmosphere and to marine geochemistry and biogeochemistry generally. It affects visibility, remote sensing, atmospheric chemistry, and air quality. Sea salt aerosol particles interact with other atmospheric gaseous and aerosol constituents by acting as sinks for condensable gases and suppressing new particle formation, thus influencing the size distribution of these other aerosols and more broadly influencing the geochemical cycles of substances with which they interact. As the key aerosol constituent over much of Earth's surface at present, and all the more so in pre-industrial times, SSA is central to description of Earth's aerosol burden.
Author: John D. Castello
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 1400880181
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 331
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Book Description
Life in Ancient Ice presents an unparalleled overview of current research into microbial life in ancient glacial ice and permafrost. Particulates of fungi, bacteria, pollen grains, protists, and viruses are carried by wind around the globe. When they fall to Earth in polar regions they may be trapped in ice for hundreds of millennia. Some of the many implications sound like science fiction--for example, might melting glaciers release ancient pathogens that yield modern-day pandemics? But rigorous, coordinated research is nascent. This book points the way forward. Based on a National Science Foundation-sponsored symposium organized by the editors in 2001, it comprises twenty chapters by internationally renowned scientists, including Russian experts whose decades of work has been rarely available in English. The book begins by setting forth many protocols that have been used to study microorganisms trapped in ice, discussing their potential sources and presenting evidence for microbial metabolic activity at temperatures below freezing. This is followed by nine chapters describing the fungi, bacteria, and viruses that have been found in permafrost and glacial ice. Later chapters include a look at Antarctica's subglacial Lake Vostok, at a robot that can be lowered into ice to detect microbes, and at the use of icy environments on Earth as model systems for studying similar environments on planets and moons. The editors conclude by reviewing key discoveries and outlining important areas for future research. Originally published in 2005. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Author: Steven A. Ackerman
Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Publishers
ISBN: 0763789275
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 605
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Book Description
Written for the undergraduate, non-majors course, the Third Edition engages students with real-world examples and a captivating narrative. It highlights how we observe the atmosphere and then uses those discoveries to explain atmospheric phenomena. Early chapters discuss the primary atmospheric variables involved in the formation of weather: pressure, temperature, moisture, clouds, and precipitation, and include practical information on weather maps and weather observation. The remainder of the book focuses on weather and climate topics such as the interaction between atmosphere and ocean, severe/extreme weather, and climate change.
Author: Theresa MacPhail
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1430305185
Category : Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 354
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Book Description
A new strain of avian influenza makes its debut in a small village in Vietnam. Like a ricocheting bullet, the virus affects the lives people worldwide until it is stopped by a team of epidemiologists. Myriam is a British PR executive on holiday with her husband when he becomes the first person infected in Hong Kong. Her life is completely changed by the experience, in ways she never predicted. Brian is an American scientist who invents a new antiviral medication, but fakes test data so that it can be released early. Jie is an epidemiologist at the Chinese CDC in Beijing, who will solve the puzzle of the new virus. As the unknown virus quickly spreads its way across the globe, entire societies are affected and changed by the outbreak, leaving the reader with the ultimate question: What would be important to you, what would you do, if a pandemic actually occurred?
Author:
Publisher: Newnes
ISBN: 0080983006
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 14787
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Book Description
This extensively updated new edition of the widely acclaimed Treatise on Geochemistry has increased its coverage beyond the wide range of geochemical subject areas in the first edition, with five new volumes which include: the history of the atmosphere, geochemistry of mineral deposits, archaeology and anthropology, organic geochemistry and analytical geochemistry. In addition, the original Volume 1 on "Meteorites, Comets, and Planets" was expanded into two separate volumes dealing with meteorites and planets, respectively. These additions increased the number of volumes in the Treatise from 9 to 15 with the index/appendices volume remaining as the last volume (Volume 16). Each of the original volumes was scrutinized by the appropriate volume editors, with respect to necessary revisions as well as additions and deletions. As a result, 27% were republished without major changes, 66% were revised and 126 new chapters were added. In a many-faceted field such as Geochemistry, explaining and understanding how one sub-field relates to another is key. Instructors will find the complete overviews with extensive cross-referencing useful additions to their course packs and students will benefit from the contextual organization of the subject matter Six new volumes added and 66% updated from 1st edition. The Editors of this work have taken every measure to include the many suggestions received from readers and ensure comprehensiveness of coverage and added value in this 2nd edition The esteemed Board of Volume Editors and Editors-in-Chief worked cohesively to ensure a uniform and consistent approach to the content, which is an amazing accomplishment for a 15-volume work (16 volumes including index volume)!
Author: Callum Roberts
Publisher: Penguin
ISBN: 1101583568
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 524
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Book Description
A Silent Spring for oceans, written by "the Rachel Carson of the fish world" (The New York Times) Who can forget the sense of wonder with which they discovered the creatures of the deep? In this vibrant hymn to the sea, Callum Roberts—one of the world’s foremost conservation biologists—leads readers on a fascinating tour of mankind’s relationship to the sea, from the earliest traces of water on earth to the oceans as we know them today. In the process, Roberts looks at how the taming of the oceans has shaped human civilization and affected marine life. We have always been fish eaters, from the dawn of civilization, but in the last twenty years we have transformed the oceans beyond recognition. Putting our exploitation of the seas into historical context, Roberts offers a devastating account of the impact of modern fishing techniques, pollution, and climate change, and reveals what it would take to steer the right course while there is still time. Like Four Fish and The Omnivore’s Dilemma, The Ocean of Life takes a long view to tell a story in which each one of us has a role to play.
Author: Lawrence Wright
Publisher: Vintage
ISBN: 0593081145
Category : Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 401
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Book Description
NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • From the Pulitzer Prize-winning author of The Looming Tower—a riveting thriller and “all-too-convincing chronicle of science, espionage, action and speculation” (The Wall Street Journal). At an internment camp in Indonesia, forty-seven people are pronounced dead with acute hemorrhagic fever. When epidemiologist Henry Parsons travels there on behalf of the World Health Organization to investigate, what he finds will have staggering repercussions. Halfway across the globe, the deputy director of U.S. Homeland Security scrambles to mount a response to the rapidly spreading pandemic leapfrogging around the world, which she believes may be the result of an act of biowarfare. And a rogue experimenter in man-made diseases is preparing his own terrifying solution. As already-fraying global relations begin to snap, the virus slashes across the United States, dismantling institutions and decimating the population. With his own wife and children facing diminishing odds of survival, Henry travels from Indonesia to Saudi Arabia to his home base at the CDC in Atlanta, searching for a cure and for the origins of this seemingly unknowable disease. The End of October is a one-of-a-kind thriller steeped in real-life political and scientific implications, filled with the insight that has been the hallmark of Wright’s acclaimed nonfiction and the full-tilt narrative suspense that only the best fiction can offer.
Author: Robynne Chutkan, MD
Publisher: Penguin Group
ISBN: 0593420853
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 273
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Book Description
A practical plan for strengthening the incredible antiviral defenses located in your gut and resolving symptoms—from a renowned gastroenterologist and the author of Gutbliss. Multiple studies have now confirmed a dramatic link between the health of our microbiome—the trillions of bacteria that live in our digestive tract—and our likelihood of getting devastating viral illnesses like COVID-19. Low-fiber diets, limited exposure to nature, and overzealous use of pharmaceuticals have messed up our microbiome, making many of us more susceptible to viruses than we naturally should be. But the good news is that unlike our genes, our microbiome is constantly evolving, offering a pathway back to health for those who are suffering, and proven protection for those who want to stay well. In The Anti-Viral Gut, Dr. Robynne Chutkan explains this groundbreaking research and offers a prescriptive plan for anyone trying to avoid or recover from a viral illness to rehab their gut microbes and restore their health. In this powerful road map to strengthening the gut-immune system, Chutkan gives practical advice for balancing both your internal and external environment by optimizing diet, exercise, sleep, and time outdoors to boost your host defenses and overall health. The Anti-Viral Gut includes: a step-by-step nutrition plan, including recipes to improve your good gut bacteria and an explanation of which foods and preparation methods bring you the fastest results protocols for replacing immune-suppressive, microbiome-disruptive medications with safer alternatives guidelines for exercise, sleep hygiene, and stress reduction methods for working mindfulness, breathwork, and meditation into your daily routine advice on maximizing the potent antiviral effects of nature Complete with inspiring stories from Dr. Chutkan’s own patients who have battled COVID-19, The Anti-Viral Gut will empower readers to jump-start their journey toward healing.
