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Author: Francisco Aboitiz
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540705732
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 335
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Book Description
Attention is a key psychological construct in the understanding of human cognition, and the target of enormous efforts to elucidate its physiological mechanisms, as the wealth of literature—both primary and secondary—attests (for recent compilations see Itti, Rees, & Tsotsos, 2005; Paletta & Rome, 2008; Posner, 2004). But in addition to asking what attention actually is, decomposing and analyzing its varieties, or delimiting its neurobiological mechanisms and effects, in this volume we want to explore attention somewhat differently. We believe that a full-fledged theory of attention must consider its workings in the context of motivated, goal-directed, and environmentally constrained organisms. That attention is related to goal-directed behavior is not news. What the contri- tions to this volume do suggest, however, is the existence of fundamental links between attention and two key processes that are crucial for adapted conduct: go- directed behavior and cognitive control. Importantly, they show that these relations can be explored at multiple levels, including neurodynamical, neurochemical, evo- tionary, and clinical aspects, and that in doing so multiple methodological challenges arise that are worth considering and pursuing. The reader will find here, therefore, a selection of contributions that range from basic mechanisms of attention at the n- ronal level to developmental aspects of cognitive control and its impairments. Another trend that will become evident is that, in different ways, the authors stress the need to understand these issues as they unfold in natural behavior (both healthy and pathological), thus arguing for a more ecological approach to these questions.
Author: Francisco Aboitiz
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540705732
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 335
Get Book Here
Book Description
Attention is a key psychological construct in the understanding of human cognition, and the target of enormous efforts to elucidate its physiological mechanisms, as the wealth of literature—both primary and secondary—attests (for recent compilations see Itti, Rees, & Tsotsos, 2005; Paletta & Rome, 2008; Posner, 2004). But in addition to asking what attention actually is, decomposing and analyzing its varieties, or delimiting its neurobiological mechanisms and effects, in this volume we want to explore attention somewhat differently. We believe that a full-fledged theory of attention must consider its workings in the context of motivated, goal-directed, and environmentally constrained organisms. That attention is related to goal-directed behavior is not news. What the contri- tions to this volume do suggest, however, is the existence of fundamental links between attention and two key processes that are crucial for adapted conduct: go- directed behavior and cognitive control. Importantly, they show that these relations can be explored at multiple levels, including neurodynamical, neurochemical, evo- tionary, and clinical aspects, and that in doing so multiple methodological challenges arise that are worth considering and pursuing. The reader will find here, therefore, a selection of contributions that range from basic mechanisms of attention at the n- ronal level to developmental aspects of cognitive control and its impairments. Another trend that will become evident is that, in different ways, the authors stress the need to understand these issues as they unfold in natural behavior (both healthy and pathological), thus arguing for a more ecological approach to these questions.
Author: Richard W. Morris
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128120991
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 486
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Book Description
Goal-Directed Decision Making: Computations and Neural Circuits examines the role of goal-directed choice. It begins with an examination of the computations performed by associated circuits, but then moves on to in-depth examinations on how goal-directed learning interacts with other forms of choice and response selection. This is the only book that embraces the multidisciplinary nature of this area of decision-making, integrating our knowledge of goal-directed decision-making from basic, computational, clinical, and ethology research into a single resource that is invaluable for neuroscientists, psychologists and computer scientists alike. The book presents discussions on the broader field of decision-making and how it has expanded to incorporate ideas related to flexible behaviors, such as cognitive control, economic choice, and Bayesian inference, as well as the influences that motivation, context and cues have on behavior and decision-making. - Details the neural circuits functionally involved in goal-directed decision-making and the computations these circuits perform - Discusses changes in goal-directed decision-making spurred by development and disorders, and within real-world applications, including social contexts and addiction - Synthesizes neuroscience, psychology and computer science research to offer a unique perspective on the central and emerging issues in goal-directed decision-making
Author: Adel C. Najdowski
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128098341
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 122
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Book Description
Flexible and Focused: Teaching Executive Function Skills to Individuals with Autism and Attention Disorders is a manual written for individuals who work with learners who struggle with executive function deficits. The manual takes the perspective that executive function skills can be improved through effective intervention, just like any other skills. This how-to manual provides practical strategies for teaching learners to be focused, organized, flexible, and able to effectively manage themselves. Ready-to-use lessons, data sheets, worksheets, and other tools for practitioners, educators, and parents are provided to help them tackle common problems associated with executive function deficits in learners of any diagnosis, ages 5 to adult. The principles of applied behavior analysis (ABA), which form the foundation of this manual, are translated into simple, easy-to-use procedures. Lessons for improving executive function skills in real-life everyday situations are provided in the following areas: - Self-awareness - Inhibition and impulse control - Self-management - Attention - Organization - Problem solving - Time management - Planning - Working memory - Emotional self-regulation - Flexibility - Provides an overview of what constitutes executive function skills - Outlines how techniques based on applied behavior analysis can be used to teach skills - Presents step-by-step lessons for practitioners, educators, and parents to implement with individuals with executive function deficits - Includes data sheets, task analyses, worksheets, and visual aids
Author: Matthew W. Gallagher
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 019939931X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 401
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Book Description
Hope has long been a topic of interest for psychologists, philosophers, educators, and physicians. In the past few decades, researchers from various disciplines and from around the world have studied how hope relates to superior academic performance, improved outcomes in the workplace, and improved psychological and physical health in individuals of all ages. Edited by Matthew W. Gallagher and the late Shane J. Lopez, The Oxford Handbook of Hope provides readers with a thorough and comprehensive update on the past 25 years of hope research while simultaneously providing an outline of what leading hope researchers believe the future of this line of research to be. In this extraordinary volume, Gallagher, Lopez, and their expert team of contributors discuss such topics as how best to define hope, how hope is distinguished from related philosophical and psychological constructs, what the current best practices are for measuring and quantifying hope, interventions and strategies for promoting hope across a variety of settings, the impact it has on physical and mental health, and the ways in which hope promotes positive functioning. Throughout its pages, these experts review what is currently known about hope and identify the topics and questions that will help guide the next decade of research ahead.
Author: Henk Aarts
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1848728735
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 358
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Book Description
First Published in 2012. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Author: Ron Sun
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521674107
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 767
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Book Description
A cutting-edge reference source for the interdisciplinary field of computational cognitive modeling.
Author: Henk Aarts
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1135254184
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 358
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Book Description
This volume presents chapters from internationally renowned scholars in the area of goals and social behavior. The book is organized around a series of topics that are of critical importance to understanding the social-cognitive aspects of goal-directed behavior. In each chapter, the authors offer an introduction to past research on a specific topic and combine this with a presentation of their own empirical work to provide an integrated overview of the topic at hand. As a whole, this volume is designed to provide a broad portrait of goal research as it has been and is currently being conducted in the social psychological literature. It serves as an introduction to essential issues, while at the same time offering a sampling of cutting-edge research on core topics in the study of goal-directed behavior, such as how goals are represented, where goals come from, and what goals do in the process of regulation.
Author: Russell A. Barkley
Publisher: Guilford Publications
ISBN: 1462538878
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 913
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Book Description
"This edition strives to extract from the mine of available scientific literature those nuggets of clinically important information regarding the nature, assessment, diagnosis, and management of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder in children, adolescents, and adults. The revised and expanded fourth edition of this user-friendly workbook provides a master set of the assessment and treatment forms, questionnaires, and handouts. Formatted for easy photocopying, many of these materials are available from no other source. Featured are interview forms and rating scales for use with parents, teachers, and adult clients; helpful checklists and fact sheets; daily school report cards for monitoring academic progress; and more"--
Author: Michael D. Robinson
Publisher: Guilford Press
ISBN: 1462509991
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 611
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Book Description
Comprehensively examining the relationship between cognition and emotion, this authoritative handbook brings together leading investigators from multiple psychological subdisciplines. Biological underpinnings of the cognition-emotion interface are reviewed, including the role of neurotransmitters and hormones. Contributors explore how key cognitive processes -- such as attention, learning, and memory -- shape emotional phenomena, and vice versa. Individual differences in areas where cognition and emotion interact -- such as agreeableness and emotional intelligence -- are addressed. The volume also analyzes the roles of cognition and emotion in anxiety, depression, borderline personality disorder, and other psychological disorders.
Author: Laurie Lundy-Ekman
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323792685
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 668
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Book Description
Use your knowledge of the nervous system to understand and treat neurologic disorders! Neuroscience: Fundamentals for Rehabilitation, 6th Edition provides an illustrated guide to neurology and how it affects the practice of physical and occupational therapy. Case studies and first-person stories from people with neurologic disorders make it easier to develop clinical reasoning skills and apply your knowledge to the clinical setting. This edition includes an enhanced eBook free with each purchase of a new print book. Written by noted PT educator Laurie Lundy-Ekman, Neuroscience uses evidence-based research to help you evaluate and treat clients who have physical limitations due to nervous system damage or disease. - Logical, systems approach to neuroscience makes it easier to master complex information and provides a framework for conducting a neurologic examination and evaluation. - Clinical perspective of neuroscience is provided through case studies, personal stories written by people with neurologic disorders, and summaries of key features of neurologic disorders and the body systems they affect. - Six sections — Overview of Neurology, Neuroscience at the Cellular Level, Development of the Nervous System, Vertical Systems, Regions, and Neurologic Tests — first show how neural cells operate, and then allow you to apply your knowledge of neuroscience. - Coverage of key physical rehabilitation topics includes abnormal muscle tone, chronic pain, control of movement, and differential diagnosis of dizziness. - Hundreds of color-coded illustrations show body structures and functions across systems. - Full-color atlas includes photographs of the human brain along with labeled line drawings. - Clinical Notes case studies demonstrate how neuroscience concepts may be applied to clinical situations. - Pathology boxes provide a quick summary of the features of neurologic disorders commonly encountered in rehabilitation practice. - NEW! Quick Reference Lists on the inside book covers make it easy to find frequently consulted figures, reflexes, tables, and summaries within the text. - NEW! Updated chapters include Pain as a Disease and as a Symptom, Motor System: Upper Motor Neurons, Motor and Psychologic Functions, Brainstem Region, and Neurologic Tests. - NEW! 85 new or updated figures are added to this edition. - NEW! Nearly 600 new references are added to this edition. - NEW! Enhanced eBook version – included with print purchase – allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices. - NEW! Answers to the book's case studies and a student workbook with approximately 1,000 practice questions and answers are included in the eBook.
