Foregin -Owned Capitol and Endogenous Tariffs PDF Download
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Author: Marcelo Olarreaga
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Commercial policy
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
The increase in investment abroad during the past two decades may help explain the simultaneous worldwide rush toward free trade. The entry of foreign capital may change the political game, increasing openness to international trade no matter what form the foreign capital takes (whether entering by acquiring equity in existing domestic firms or by bringing foreign firms into the host economy) or what its trade orientation (whether it enters the export or import-competing sector).
Author: Marcelo Olarreaga
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Commercial policy
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
The increase in investment abroad during the past two decades may help explain the simultaneous worldwide rush toward free trade. The entry of foreign capital may change the political game, increasing openness to international trade no matter what form the foreign capital takes (whether entering by acquiring equity in existing domestic firms or by bringing foreign firms into the host economy) or what its trade orientation (whether it enters the export or import-competing sector).
Author: Marcelo Olarreaga
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 22
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Book Description
The increase in investment abroad during the past two decades may help explain the simultaneous worldwide rush toward free trade. The entry of foreign capital may change the political game, increasing openness to international trade no matter what form the foreign capital takes (whether entering by acquiring equity in existing domestic firms or by bringing foreign firms into the host economy) or what its trade orientation (whether it enters the export or import-competing sector).During the past two decades there has been an important increase in investment abroad and a worldwide rush toward free trade. Olarreaga argues that the increase in investment abroad may partially explain the worldwide rush toward free trade.In a model of endogenous determination of trade protection through lobbying - where the government is also concerned about income redistribution among owners of foreign and national factors of production - foreign capital's entry into a host country will probably reduce the endogenous level of protection.If the elasticity of substitution between labor and capital is small enough, Olarreaga shows, protection cannot increase after the entry of foreign capital, regardless of the form of investment abroad (whether through the acquisition of existing domestic firms or the entry of foreign firms) or its trade orientation (whether foreign capital enters the export or import-competing sectors).There will either be increased counter-lobbying for protection by the export sector or reduced lobbying for protection in the import-competing sector, because of the scale effect associated with an increase in the equilibrium wage.If foreign entry occurs in the import-competing sector, protection might increase because of the scale effect, but under reasonable assumptions about the value of the elasticity of substitution between labor and capital, protection will also fall.This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the political economy of trade protection. The author may be contacted at
[email protected].
Author: Sergii Meleshchuk
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1513545272
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 35
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Book Description
In this paper we demonstrate the importance of distinguishing capital goods tariffs from other tariffs. Using exposure to a quasi-natural experiment induced by a trade reform in Colombia, we find that firms that have been more exposed to a reduction in intermediate and consumption input or output tariffs do not significantly increase their investment rates. However, firms’ investment rate increase strongly in response to a reduction in capital goods input tariffs. Firms do not substitute capital with labor, but instead also increase employment, especially for production workers. Reduction in other tariff rates do not increase investment and employment. Our results suggest that a reduction in the relative price of capital goods can significantly boost investment and employment and does not seem to lead to a decline in the labor share.
Author: Emiko Fukase
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Agribusiness and Markets
Languages : en
Pages : 34
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Book Description
If the United States grants Vietnam most favored nation status, both countries would benefit. Vietnamese exports to the United States would more than double, and Vietnam would gain substantial welfare benefits from improved market access and increased availability of imports. For the United States, lowering the current high tariff against Vietnam would improve welfare by reducing costly diversion away from Vietnamese products.
Author: Francisco H. G. Ferreira
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 78
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Book Description
During the turbulent years 1976-96, aggregate data for Brazil appear to show only small changes in mean income, inequality, and incidence of poverty -- suggesting little change in the distribution of income. But a small group of urban households -- excluded from formal labor markets and safety nets -- was trapped in indigence. Based on welfare measured in terms of income alone, the poorest part of urban Brazil has experienced two lost decades.
Author: Professor John H Dunning
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317833570
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 406
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Book Description
With an impressive array of international contributors from the UK, USA, Sweden and Peru, this book includes chapters on the following: The nature of the multinational enterprise; The theory of the firm; The location of economic activity; Industrial organization; Technology and technological change; the theory of international trade; Monetary policy; The theory of development policy; Wage determination and collective bargaining; Income distribution and welfare considerations and size of firm and size of nation.
Author: Constantine Michalopoulos
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Acceso a los mercados
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
An analysis of developing countries' current trade policies and market access problems is used as a basis for recommending positions for these countries in the new round of multilateral negotiations under the World Trade Organization.
Author: W?odzimierz Okrasa
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Bienestar social - Polonia
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
There is a tendency toward chronic, long-term poverty in Poland. Most at risk: larger households, farm households, and households dependent on social welfare. Least at risk: households of employees or the self-employed, educated households, households headed by pensioners, households that are part of kinship networks, and households with liquid assets, durables, or access to financial resources. Among those who missed out on the benefits of the first phase of economic prosperity, children are overrepresented.
Author: David C. Parsley
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 38
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Book Description
Crossing national borders, adds significantly to price dispersion. This study of prices in Japan and the United States finds that a susbstantial part of that border effect is attributable to distance, shipping costs, exchange rates, and relative variability in wages.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 442
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Book Description
