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Author: Christine Haley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
However, previous-day moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was significantly associated with better inductive reasoning and speed of processing the following day, after controlling for age, gender and physical fitness. Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous activity explained 16% of the within-person variability in speed of processing. Physical fitness and age did not explain significant variability in between-person cognitive function. Results obtained in the present study varied according to how physical activity and cognition were operationalized and measured. Associations between physical activity and cognition were more evident with moderate-to-vigorous activity, as opposed to total activity, and an acute temporal relationship was suggested, with better cognitive performance following engagement in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Results also indicated that within-person fluctuations in domains of cognitive performance were positively associated with physical activity, and were more pronounced with cognitively complex tasks that were timed.
Author: Christine Haley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
However, previous-day moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was significantly associated with better inductive reasoning and speed of processing the following day, after controlling for age, gender and physical fitness. Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous activity explained 16% of the within-person variability in speed of processing. Physical fitness and age did not explain significant variability in between-person cognitive function. Results obtained in the present study varied according to how physical activity and cognition were operationalized and measured. Associations between physical activity and cognition were more evident with moderate-to-vigorous activity, as opposed to total activity, and an acute temporal relationship was suggested, with better cognitive performance following engagement in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Results also indicated that within-person fluctuations in domains of cognitive performance were positively associated with physical activity, and were more pronounced with cognitively complex tasks that were timed.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309368650
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Book Description
For most Americans, staying "mentally sharp" as they age is a very high priority. Declines in memory and decision-making abilities may trigger fears of Alzheimer's disease or other neurodegenerative diseases. However, cognitive aging is a natural process that can have both positive and negative effects on cognitive function in older adults - effects that vary widely among individuals. At this point in time, when the older population is rapidly growing in the United States and across the globe, it is important to examine what is known about cognitive aging and to identify and promote actions that individuals, organizations, communities, and society can take to help older adults maintain and improve their cognitive health. Cognitive Aging assesses the public health dimensions of cognitive aging with an emphasis on definitions and terminology, epidemiology and surveillance, prevention and intervention, education of health professionals, and public awareness and education. This report makes specific recommendations for individuals to reduce the risks of cognitive decline with aging. Aging is inevitable, but there are actions that can be taken by individuals, families, communities, and society that may help to prevent or ameliorate the impact of aging on the brain, understand more about its impact, and help older adults live more fully and independent lives. Cognitive aging is not just an individual or a family or a health care system challenge. It is an issue that affects the fabric of society and requires actions by many and varied stakeholders. Cognitive Aging offers clear steps that individuals, families, communities, health care providers and systems, financial organizations, community groups, public health agencies, and others can take to promote cognitive health and to help older adults live fuller and more independent lives. Ultimately, this report calls for a societal commitment to cognitive aging as a public health issue that requires prompt action across many sectors.
Author: Terry McMorris
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470740671
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 386
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Book Description
This textbook focuses on the relationship between physical exercise and cognition, a very timely and important topic with major theoretical and practical implications for a number of areas including ageing, neurorehabilitation, depression and dementia. It brings together a wide range of analytical approaches and experimental results to provide a very useful overview and synthesis of this growing field of study. The book is divided into three parts: Part I covers the conceptual, theoretical and methodological underpinnings and issues. Part II focuses on advances in exercise and cognition research, with appropriate sub-sections on ‘acute’ and ‘chronic’ exercise and cognition. Part III presents an overview of the area and makes suggestions for the direction of future research. This text provides a cutting-edge examination of this increasingly important area written by leading experts from around the world. The book will prove invaluable to researchers and practitioners in a number of fields, including exercise science, cognitive science, neuroscience and clinical medicine. Key Features: Unique in-depth investigation of the relationship between physical exercise and brain function. Covers theoretical approaches and experimental results and includes chapters on the latest developments in research design. Examines the effects of both acute and chronic exercise on brain function. International list of contributors, who are leading researchers in their field.
Author: Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309283140
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 503
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Book Description
Physical inactivity is a key determinant of health across the lifespan. A lack of activity increases the risk of heart disease, colon and breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, osteoporosis, anxiety and depression and others diseases. Emerging literature has suggested that in terms of mortality, the global population health burden of physical inactivity approaches that of cigarette smoking. The prevalence and substantial disease risk associated with physical inactivity has been described as a pandemic. The prevalence, health impact, and evidence of changeability all have resulted in calls for action to increase physical activity across the lifespan. In response to the need to find ways to make physical activity a health priority for youth, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment was formed. Its purpose was to review the current status of physical activity and physical education in the school environment, including before, during, and after school, and examine the influences of physical activity and physical education on the short and long term physical, cognitive and brain, and psychosocial health and development of children and adolescents. Educating the Student Body makes recommendations about approaches for strengthening and improving programs and policies for physical activity and physical education in the school environment. This report lays out a set of guiding principles to guide its work on these tasks. These included: recognizing the benefits of instilling life-long physical activity habits in children; the value of using systems thinking in improving physical activity and physical education in the school environment; the recognition of current disparities in opportunities and the need to achieve equity in physical activity and physical education; the importance of considering all types of school environments; the need to take into consideration the diversity of students as recommendations are developed. This report will be of interest to local and national policymakers, school officials, teachers, and the education community, researchers, professional organizations, and parents interested in physical activity, physical education, and health for school-aged children and adolescents.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309164915
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 280
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Book Description
By 2030 there will be about 70 million people in the United States who are older than 64. Approximately 26 percent of these will be racial and ethnic minorities. Overall, the older population will be more diverse and better educated than their earlier cohorts. The range of late-life outcomes is very dramatic with old age being a significantly different experience for financially secure and well-educated people than for poor and uneducated people. The early mission of behavioral science research focused on identifying problems of older adults, such as isolation, caregiving, and dementia. Today, the field of gerontology is more interdisciplinary. When I'm 64 examines how individual and social behavior play a role in understanding diverse outcomes in old age. It also explores the implications of an aging workforce on the economy. The book recommends that the National Institute on Aging focus its research support in social, personality, and life-span psychology in four areas: motivation and behavioral change; socioemotional influences on decision-making; the influence of social engagement on cognition; and the effects of stereotypes on self and others. When I'm 64 is a useful resource for policymakers, researchers and medical professionals.
Author: Nancy Morrow-Howell
Publisher: JHU Press
ISBN: 0801876575
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 356
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Book Description
"Will 69 million baby boomers suddenly drop out of the workforce when they turn 65? It is difficult to imagine this generation, with its talent, education, and experience, idling away the last thirty years of life."—From the Foreword, by Robert N. Butler, M.D., The Mount Sinai Medical Center Old age has been historically thought of as a period of frailty and dependence, yet studies show that with the help of advances in health and medicine, current populations will live longer and remain healthier than previous generations. As average life expectancies rise, traditional concepts of retirement need to be reconsidered on all levels—from government policy to business practice to individual life planning. In this volume, leaders in the field of gerontology explore these changing conditions through the concept of "productive aging," which has been developed by leaders in the field to promote older adults' contributions to society in social and economic capacities. Productive Aging: Concepts and Challenges treats the implications of productive aging for the discipline of gerontology and for society in general. The first section defines the principles, historical perspectives, and conceptual frameworks for productive aging. The second section takes a disciplinary approach, treating the biomedical, psychological, sociological, and economic implications of a more capable older generation. The third section considers advances in theories of gerontology, and the fourth section suggests future directions in practice, theory, and research. Contributors: W. Andrew Achenbaum, University of Houston • Scott A. Bass, University of Maryland-Baltimore • Vern L. Bengtson, University of Southern California • James E. Birren, UCLA • Francis G. Caro, University of Massachusetts Boston • Carroll L. Estes, University of California-San Francisco • Marc Freedman, Civic Ventures (co-founder of Experience Corps) • James Hinterlong, Washington University • James S. Jackson, University of Michigan • Jane L. Mahakian, Pacific Senior Services • Harry R. Moody, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation • Nancy Morrow-Howell, Washington University • Philip Rozario, Washington University • James H. Schulz, Brandeis University • Michael Sherraden, Washington University • Alvar Svanborg, University of Illinois-Chicago and Goteburg University, Sweden • Brent A. Taylor, San Diego State University
Author: Perry R. Hinton
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317753100
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 614
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Book Description
SPSS Explained provides the student with all that they need to undertake statistical analysis using SPSS. It combines a step-by-step approach to each procedure with easy to follow screenshots at each stage of the process. A number of other helpful features are provided: regular advice boxes with tips specific to each test explanations divided into ‘essential’ and ‘advanced’ sections to suit readers at different levels frequently asked questions at the end of each chapter. The first edition of this popular book has been fully updated for IBM SPSS version 21 and also includes: chapters that explain bootstrapping and how this is used an introduction to binary logistic regression coverage of new features such as Chart Builder. Presented in full colour and with a fresh, reader-friendly layout, this fully updated new edition also comes with a companion website featuring an array of supplementary resources for students. The authors have many years of experience in teaching SPSS to students from a wide range of disciplines. Their understanding of SPSS users’ concerns, as well as a knowledge of the type of questions students ask, form the foundation of this book. Minimal prior knowledge is assumed, so the book is well designed for the novice user, but it will also be a useful reference source for those developing their own expertise in SPSS. It is suitable for all students who need to do statistical analysis using SPSS in various departments including Psychology, Social Science, Business Studies, Nursing, Education, Health and Sport Science, Communication and Media, Geography, and Biology.
Author: Waneen Wyrick Spirduso
Publisher: Human Kinetics
ISBN: 9780736057868
Category : Cognition
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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Book Description
This title seeks to expand on reader's understanding by examining whether and how physical activity could indirectly affect cognitive function by influencing mediators that provide physical and mental resources for cognition.
Author: Carlo Umiltà
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262210126
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 978
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Book Description
During the past decade, evidence of dissociation between conscious and nonconscious information processing has emerged from the study of normal subjects and brain damaged patients. The thirty-five original contributions in this book cover the latest work on this important topic. During the past decade, evidence of dissociation between conscious and nonconscious information processing has emerged from the study of normal subjects and brain damaged patients. The thirty-five original contributions in this book cover the latest work on this important topic across such traditional areas of research as vision, face recognition, spatial attention, control processes, semantic memory, episodic memory, and learning. Each section is introduced by an overview chapter that presents and evaluates the available empirical evidence in a given area and is followed by several experimental papers. The book opens with the Association Lecture, by George Mandler, "On Remembering without Really Trying: Hypermnesia, Incubation, and Mind Popping."
Author: Jessica G. Ashley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 177
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Book Description
The immense amount of heterogeneity within the aging population has prompted researchers to explore the differences between individuals who experience various degrees of age-related declines. A focus has been the exploration of potential external influences, such as lifestyle and health, which may attenuate age-related changes within individuals. One area of interest has been the influence of activity participation and cognitive functioning in older adults. This dissertation examined the relation between three types of activity, namely social, physical and cognitive, along with both traditional measures of cognition as well as social cognition. Sixty two individuals age 65-87 (mean age 77.3 + 6.4) were recruited from cognitive (e.g., bridge clubs, educational classes, mahjong clubs), social (e.g., singles group, senior centers), and physical activity groups (e.g., yoga classes, aerobic classes, chair exercise classes, swimming groups) throughout southern California. Activity was assessed through two methodological approaches, an Activity Questionnaire and a Photograph Diary (Hulstch et al., 1999). Participants were assigned to either a social, a cognitive, or a low physical activity group using responses from the Activity Questionnaire and a k-means cluster analysis. Responses from the Photograph Diary and the Activity Questionnaire were also used to examine the relation between degree of participation in each of the three activity types and cognitive function. Cognitive ability was assessed using traditional cognitive measures; simple and choice reaction time, word recall, verbal fluency, digit symbol, letter series, the Multi Source Interference task, digit span, and social cognitive measures, person perception task, and means-end problem solving task. Exploratory factor analysis including traditional cognitive measures yielded 4 factors with eigenvalues greater than 1. Group differences were assessed by a one way analysis of variance. Letter series, verbal fluency, word recall and digit symbol loaded most strongly on the second factor, with the social group performing significantly better than the low physical group. The predictive nature of activity frequency and mere participation in activity (independent of frequency) on cognitive function was assessed through multiple regression analyses. Frequency of social activity significantly predicted performance on traditional cognitive measures including the word recall, word fluency, letter series, digit symbol task, choice reaction time task and person perception task. Frequency of cognitive activity contributed significantly to performance on the choice reaction time and MEPS tasks. Frequency of physical activity significantly predicted performance on the person perception task. Participation in social activity, regardless of frequency, significantly predicted performance on the choice reaction time tasks. These findings suggest that frequency and mere participation in different forms of activity help maintain cognitive function into old age and highlight the benefits of maintaining an active lifestyle.
