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Author: Michael I. Kalinski
Publisher: Human Kinetics
ISBN: 9780873227254
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 100
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Book Description
This book examines the effects of acute and chronic exercise on the metabolism of cyclic AMP and protein kinase in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Written by four of the world leaders in this emerging area of exercise biochemistry, Exercise and Intracellular Regulation of Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle also presents information gained during more than 20 years of work in the Soviet Union. Michael Kalinski directed groundbreaking work at the Kiev State Institute of Physical Culture and the Kiev Research Institute of Biochemistry, two institutes known for establishing new frontiers in exercise biochemistry. In this book, he shares the results of his studies there in the areas of hormonal and intracellular regulation of metabolism. The book is divided into three parts. Part I provides a comprehensive review of the role of phosphorylation in the functional regulation of cardiac and skeletal muscle. Part II presents new information describing the effects of exercise on cAMP and cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Part III summarizes this information. This monograph is an excellent reference for exercise biochemists and exercise physiologists. "Non-exercise" biochemists and physiologists who want to fully understand cardiac and skeletal muscle physiology and biochemistry will also find this to be a helpful source. Exercise and Intracellular Regulation of Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle is the seventh volume in the HK Sport Science Monograph Series.
Author: Michael I. Kalinski
Publisher: Human Kinetics
ISBN: 9780873227254
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 100
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Book Description
This book examines the effects of acute and chronic exercise on the metabolism of cyclic AMP and protein kinase in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Written by four of the world leaders in this emerging area of exercise biochemistry, Exercise and Intracellular Regulation of Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle also presents information gained during more than 20 years of work in the Soviet Union. Michael Kalinski directed groundbreaking work at the Kiev State Institute of Physical Culture and the Kiev Research Institute of Biochemistry, two institutes known for establishing new frontiers in exercise biochemistry. In this book, he shares the results of his studies there in the areas of hormonal and intracellular regulation of metabolism. The book is divided into three parts. Part I provides a comprehensive review of the role of phosphorylation in the functional regulation of cardiac and skeletal muscle. Part II presents new information describing the effects of exercise on cAMP and cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Part III summarizes this information. This monograph is an excellent reference for exercise biochemists and exercise physiologists. "Non-exercise" biochemists and physiologists who want to fully understand cardiac and skeletal muscle physiology and biochemistry will also find this to be a helpful source. Exercise and Intracellular Regulation of Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle is the seventh volume in the HK Sport Science Monograph Series.
Author: Ronald J. Korthuis
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN: 1615041834
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 147
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Book Description
The aim of this treatise is to summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms for blood flow control to skeletal muscle under resting conditions, how perfusion is elevated (exercise hyperemia) to meet the increased demand for oxygen and other substrates during exercise, mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of regular physical activity on cardiovascular health, the regulation of transcapillary fluid filtration and protein flux across the microvascular exchange vessels, and the role of changes in the skeletal muscle circulation in pathologic states. Skeletal muscle is unique among organs in that its blood flow can change over a remarkably large range. Compared to blood flow at rest, muscle blood flow can increase by more than 20-fold on average during intense exercise, while perfusion of certain individual white muscles or portions of those muscles can increase by as much as 80-fold. This is compared to maximal increases of 4- to 6-fold in the coronary circulation during exercise. These increases in muscle perfusion are required to meet the enormous demands for oxygen and nutrients by the active muscles. Because of its large mass and the fact that skeletal muscles receive 25% of the cardiac output at rest, sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction in vessels supplying this tissue allows central hemodynamic variables (e.g., blood pressure) to be spared during stresses such as hypovolemic shock. Sympathetic vasoconstriction in skeletal muscle in such pathologic conditions also effectively shunts blood flow away from muscles to tissues that are more sensitive to reductions in their blood supply that might otherwise occur. Again, because of its large mass and percentage of cardiac output directed to skeletal muscle, alterations in blood vessel structure and function with chronic disease (e.g., hypertension) contribute significantly to the pathology of such disorders. Alterations in skeletal muscle vascular resistance and/or in the exchange properties of this vascular bed also modify transcapillary fluid filtration and solute movement across the microvascular barrier to influence muscle function and contribute to disease pathology. Finally, it is clear that exercise training induces an adaptive transformation to a protected phenotype in the vasculature supplying skeletal muscle and other tissues to promote overall cardiovascular health. Table of Contents: Introduction / Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle and Its Vascular Supply / Regulation of Vascular Tone in Skeletal Muscle / Exercise Hyperemia and Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation During Muscular Activity / Microvascular Fluid and Solute Exchange in Skeletal Muscle / Skeletal Muscle Circulation in Aging and Disease States: Protective Effects of Exercise / References
Author: Michitoshi Inoue
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 4431683674
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 330
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Book Description
Research centering on blood flow in the heart continues to hold an important position, especially since a better understanding of the subject may help reduce the incidence of coronary arterial disease and heart attacks. This book summarizes recent advances in the field; it is the product of fruitful cooperation among international scientists who met in Japan in May, 1990 to discuss the regulation of coronary blood flow.
Author: Mark Hargreaves
Publisher: Human Kinetics
ISBN: 9780736041034
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
A comprehensive reference for biochemists, sport nutritionists, exercise physiologists, and graduate students in those disciplines. Provides information on the metabolic processes that take place during exercise, examining in depth the mobilization and utilization of substrates during physical activity. Focuses primarily on the skeletal muscle, but also discusses the roles of the liver and adipose tissue. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Author: J. Gordon Betts
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781947172807
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Roland N. Pittman
Publisher: Biota Publishing
ISBN: 1615047212
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 117
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Book Description
This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.
Author: Michael J. Joyner
Publisher: Perspectives Cshl
ISBN: 9781621821656
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 408
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Book Description
Exercise training provokes widespread transformations in the human body, requiring coordinated changes in muscle composition, blood flow, neuronal and hormonal signaling, and metabolism. These changes enhance physical performance, improve mental health, and delay the onset of aging and disease. Understanding the molecular basis of these changes is therefore important for optimizing athletic ability and for developing drugs that elicit therapeutic effects. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine examines the biological basis of exercise from the molecular to the systemic levels. Contributors discuss how transcriptional regulation, cytokine and hormonal signaling, glucose metabolism, epigenetic modifications, microRNA profiles, and mitochondrial and ribosomal functions are altered in response to exercise training, leading to improved skeletal muscle, hippocampal, and cardiovascular function. Cross talk among the pathways underlying tissue-specific and systemic responses to exercise is also considered. The authors also discuss how the understanding of such molecular mechanisms may lead to the development of drugs that mitigate aging and disease. This volume will therefore serve as a vital reference for all involved in the fields of sports science and medicine, as well as anyone seeking to understand the molecular mechanisms by which exercise promotes whole-body health.
Author: Haruo Sugi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780306478703
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 720
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Book Description
This volume presents the proceedings of a muscle symposium, which was held as the Fourth Fujihara seminar on October 28 - November 1, 2002, at Hakone, Japan. This volume covers all fields of muscle biology, from molecules to humans. This book provides information about recent progress of muscle research as well as the problems that remain to be investigated. This volume will stimulate muscle investigators to design and perform novel experiments to clarify the mysteries in muscle contraction.
Author: Lindsay Biga
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781955101158
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
A version of the OpenStax text
Author: Michel Félétou
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN: 1615041230
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 309
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Book Description
The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells. The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone, a major actor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and an endocrine organ. Endothelial cells controls vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesizing and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines, reactive oxygen species and so on. Additionally, endothelial ectoenzymes are required steps in the generation of vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II. An endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or the release of these various endothelial factors may explain the initiation of cardiovascular pathologies (from hypertension to atherosclerosis) or their development and perpetuation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells / Calcium Signaling in Vascular Cells and Cell-to-Cell Communications / Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone / Conclusion / References
