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Author: Sarath Rajapatirana
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 9610300006
Category : Apertura economica - Bolivia
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
Author: Sarath Rajapatirana
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 9610300006
Category : Apertura economica - Bolivia
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
Author: United Nations. Economic Commission for Africa
Publisher: United Nations, Economic Commission for Africa
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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Book Description
This publication examines progress towards regional integration in Africa; defined as one of the anchoring ideals of African unity and the basis for the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) development framework. The report analyses the current state of the integration process, highlighting where efforts have succeeded or failed. Findings include that progress has been mixed across sectors, regional economic communities and member states; with some notable progress in trade, communications, transport and macroeconomic policy. Overall however, substantial gaps remain between goals and achievements of most regional economic communities, particularly in terms of internal African trade, macroeconomic policy convergence, production and physical connectivity. A summary report is also available (ISBN 9211250927)
Author: Sarath Rajapatirana
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
Bolivia - which has liber ...
Author: Hua Wang
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Analisis econometrico - China
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Book Description
An analysis of provincial water pollution control shows that China's pollution levy system has been working much better than is commonly believed. Wang and Wheeler analyze China's experience with the water pollution levy, an emissions charge system that covers hundreds of thousands of factories. The levy experience has not been studied systematically, but anecdotal critiques have suggested that the system is arbitrarily administered and ineffective in controlling pollution. Critics view the levy as a local financing mechanism, but ineffective as a regulatory instrument. Enforcement is thought to vary widely, so that factories in different regions face different penalties for polluting. And it is widely believed that the levy provides little incentive to control pollution because official rates are below marginal abatement costs. Wang and Wheeler test the conventional critique of the levy system using solid new province level data for 1987-93. Their results suggest that the water pollution levy system is neither arbitrary nor ineffective. Across provinces and over time, variations in the effective levy rate are well explained by proxies for local valuation of environmental damage and community capacity to enforce local norms. During 1987-93, rapid development in many provinces led to sharp increases in the effective rate. Their results also suggest that the emissions intensity of Chinese industy was highly responsive to those increases, because marginal abatement costs were often lower than levy rates. And from 1987 to 1993, provincial pollution intensities fell at a median rate of 50 percent, and total discharges at a median rate of 22 percent. The results suggest several lessons for regulators in developing countries: * Local enforcement of national standards will determine the effective price of pollution in each area. Such regional heterogeneity is natural and legitimate. * The locally enforced price of pollution rises with industrial development. * Early in the regulatory process, industrial emissions intensity is highly responsive to changes in the price of pollution, mainly because marginal costs are often quite low in low to medium abatement ranges. In China, provincial adjustments of effective levy rates and other regulatory instruments have been sufficient to induce sharp declines in emissions intensity and reductions in total emissions from registered factories during a period of rapid industrial growth. This paper -- a product of the Environment, Infrastructure, and Agriculture Division, Policy Research Department -- is part of a larger effort in the department to identify appropriate policies for environmental regulation in developing countries. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under research project The Economics of Industrial Pollution Control in Developing Countries (RPO 680-20).
Author: Stijn Claessens
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 9610192254
Category : Politica monetaria - Paises en desarrollo
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Developing countries
Languages : en
Pages : 58
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Book Description
Author: Sarath Rajapatirana
Publisher: American Enterprise Institute
ISBN: 9780844771526
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 70
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Book Description
This account traces the relationship of the developing countries with the world economy, the factors leading to trade reforms, and the political economy aspects of reforms. A sample of 20 countries provides specific examples of reforms.
Author: D. Lal
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 0230523684
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 330
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Book Description
Trade, Development and Political Economy takes fundamental issues in trade and development policy and subjects them to well-based economic analysis in a form that is easily accessible to the non-specialist. Distinguished contributors address some of the following questions: Are critics of outward-orientated development wrong? What caused the financial crisis of East Asia? Who supports trade and aid in the US? And, what are the conditions needed to promote growth? They also look forward to what trade policies and agreements will be needed in the future.
Author: Tim Josling
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 9780821339244
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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Book Description
"Chapter on Ecuador offers a comparison with other Andean Pact countries. Argues that Ecuador is most in need of stability and security offered by regional market access"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 57.
Author: José Edgardo L. Campos
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Expenditures, Public
Languages : en
Pages : 68
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Book Description
