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Author: United States. Department of Energy. Office of Environmental Management
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nuclear facilities
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Book Description
Executive summary: This first annual report is on the activities and potential costs required to address the waste, contamination, and surplus nuclear facilities that are the responsibility of DOE's Environmental Management program. Of the Base Case life-cycle cost estimate of $230 billion from 1995 to 2070, 49% is waste management, 28% environmental restoration, 10% nuclear material and facility stabilization, 5% technology development, and 8% other. The top 5 sites account for 70% of the costs: Hanford 21%, Savannah River Site 21%, Rocky Flats 10%, Oak Ridge 10%, and Idaho Laboratory 8%. Assumptions include significant productivity increases, meeting current compliance requirements, and use of existing technologies. Excluded were: cleanup where no feasible cleanup technology exists (e.g., nuclear explosion sites and most contaminated groundwater), cleanup of currently active facilities, naval nuclear propulsion facilities (handled by US Navy), and first 5 years of program ($23 billion). Of the alternative cases evaluated, land use has the biggest potential cost impact. Total projected environmental costs are comparable to total U.S. nuclear weapons production costs. The makeup of Volumes I and II (the latter being site summaries) are outlined briefly.
Author: United States. Department of Energy. Office of Environmental Management
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nuclear facilities
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Book Description
Executive summary: This first annual report is on the activities and potential costs required to address the waste, contamination, and surplus nuclear facilities that are the responsibility of DOE's Environmental Management program. Of the Base Case life-cycle cost estimate of $230 billion from 1995 to 2070, 49% is waste management, 28% environmental restoration, 10% nuclear material and facility stabilization, 5% technology development, and 8% other. The top 5 sites account for 70% of the costs: Hanford 21%, Savannah River Site 21%, Rocky Flats 10%, Oak Ridge 10%, and Idaho Laboratory 8%. Assumptions include significant productivity increases, meeting current compliance requirements, and use of existing technologies. Excluded were: cleanup where no feasible cleanup technology exists (e.g., nuclear explosion sites and most contaminated groundwater), cleanup of currently active facilities, naval nuclear propulsion facilities (handled by US Navy), and first 5 years of program ($23 billion). Of the alternative cases evaluated, land use has the biggest potential cost impact. Total projected environmental costs are comparable to total U.S. nuclear weapons production costs. The makeup of Volumes I and II (the latter being site summaries) are outlined briefly.
Author: Russell J. Dalton
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262541039
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 478
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Book Description
This book investigates how citizens in the United States and Russia have used the democratic process to force their governments to address the horrendous environmental damage caused by the nuclear arms race. It is the first in-depth comparative study of environmental activism and democracy in the two countries. Critical Masses focuses on two crucial areas--the Hanford Reservation in Washington State and the Mayak Complex in Russia--that were at the heart of their nations' nuclear weapons programs, examining how the surrounding communities were affected. It explores nuclear weapons production, how both governments concealed environmental and health dangers from people living nearby, and how Russian and American citizens think about environmental issues. And it provides insights into the process of democratization in Russia and the limits of democracy in the United States, as well as the development of nuclear policy in the post-Cold War era.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 866
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 868
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Book Description
Author: United States. Superintendent of Documents
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 728
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Book Description
Author: Kim S. Cameron
Publisher: Berrett-Koehler Publishers
ISBN: 1576753905
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 297
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Book Description
Lessons from the cleanup of America's most dangerous nuclear weapons plant
Author: United States. Department of Energy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hazardous wastes
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hazardous wastes
Languages : en
Pages : 220
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Book Description
Author: DIANE Publishing Company
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 0788138081
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 215
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Book Description
The U.S. Energy Dept. is storing at least 820 million kg of nuclear & non-nuclear materials in inventory at 44 sites in 19 states: spent nuclear fuel, plutonium, natural & enriched uranium, depleted uranium, lithium, sodium, lead, chemicals, weapons components, scrap metal & material. Three materials make up an estimated 95% of the total: depleted uranium, scrap metal, & lithium. Left unattended, much of this material could present environmental, health, or safety risks. Maintaining these materials in a safe condition costs millions of dollars/year.
Author: Stephen I. Schwartz
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
ISBN: 9780815722946
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 750
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Book Description
Since 1945, the United States has manufactured and deployed more than 70,000 nuclear weapons to deter and if necessary fight a nuclear war. Some observers believe the absence of a third world war confirms that these weapons were a prudent and cost-effective response to the uncertainty and fear surrounding the Soviet Union's military and political ambitions during the cold war. As early as 1950, nuclear weapons were considered relatively inexpensive— providing "a bigger bang for a buck"—and were thoroughly integrated into U.S. forces on that basis. Yet this assumption was never validated. Indeed, for more than fifty years scant attention has been paid to the enormous costs of this effort—more than $5 trillion thus far—and its short and long-term consequences for the nation. Based on four years of extensive research, Atomic Audit is the first book to document the comprehensive costs of U.S. nuclear weapons, assembling for the first time anywhere the actual and estimated expenditures for the program since its creation in 1940. The authors provide a unique perspective on U.S. nuclear policy and nuclear weapons, tracking their development from the Manhattan Project of World War II to the present day and assessing each aspect of the program, including research, development, testing, and production; deployment; command, control, communications, and intelligence; and defensive measures. They also examine the costs of dismantling nuclear weapons, the management and disposal of large quantities of toxic and radioactive wastes left over from their production, compensation for persons harmed by nuclear weapons activities, nuclear secrecy, and the economic implications of nuclear deterrence. Utilizing archival and newly declassified government documents and data, this richly documented book demonstrates how a variety of factors—the open-ended nature of nuclear deterrence, faulty assumptions about the cost-effectiveness of nuclear weapons, regular misrepresentati
