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Author: Gertrud Hauser
Publisher: E. Schweizerbartsche Verlagsbuchhandlung
ISBN:
Category : Anthropology
Languages : en
Pages : 328
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Book Description
With this atlas on ``Epigenetic Variants of the Human Skull'' Hauser and De Stefano produced a much required reference work on minor cranial variants. These traits were named epigenetic since they may be seen as products of genetically determined growth processes of other tissues (e.g. nerves, vessels and muscles) affecting bone information. Consequently they may undergo modification during ontogeny in the presence of modifying genes or relevant environmental conditions and generally show variable degrees of expression. Many of these variants had already been described mainly as mere skeletal anomalies. Renewed interest resulted when crosses between inbred strains of mice established the potential value of minor skeletal variants in genetic studies. But in the light of the new experiences one may ask if the characters selected were the most useful for their purpose? Are they easy to identify, and are their definitions rigorous and unambigous ? What is known about their embryology and development, their genetic control? Was their categorisation adequate? Are they of any general medical, forensic or surgical relevance? What is the extent of intrapopulation variation in incidence ? How do they vary between populations ? This atlas endeavores to answer such questions and to serve as a reference text. The entry of each of the 84 characters summarises its nomenclature, gross anatomy, function, embryology and growth, genetics, medical relevance, sex differences, symmetry (if the character is bilateral), laterality or side preference, age variation, association with other traits, and methods of scoring (the traditional as well as that now proposed). For some traits new results are given applying the proposed methods to male adult skulls of recorded age and origin as well as the frequencies of the variants investigated by traditional methods in a selection of the populations of the world from the literature. The high quality photographs and the overlays (in colour) on the five main views of the skull illustrate each character clearly, better than any verbal definition. The collaboration of 13 international scientists specialised in different fields emphasizes the high quality of this book, and its usefulness for many disciplines as Human Biology and related sciences, Human Genetics, Forensic Medicine, Radiology, Surgery etc. A most extensive bibliography and a synoptical index conclude this reference work which confronts specialists of Human Biology, Anthropology, Medicine, Biology and Genetics with a fascinating problem but is also most useful and comprehensible for students.
Author: Gertrud Hauser
Publisher: E. Schweizerbartsche Verlagsbuchhandlung
ISBN:
Category : Anthropology
Languages : en
Pages : 328
Get Book Here
Book Description
With this atlas on ``Epigenetic Variants of the Human Skull'' Hauser and De Stefano produced a much required reference work on minor cranial variants. These traits were named epigenetic since they may be seen as products of genetically determined growth processes of other tissues (e.g. nerves, vessels and muscles) affecting bone information. Consequently they may undergo modification during ontogeny in the presence of modifying genes or relevant environmental conditions and generally show variable degrees of expression. Many of these variants had already been described mainly as mere skeletal anomalies. Renewed interest resulted when crosses between inbred strains of mice established the potential value of minor skeletal variants in genetic studies. But in the light of the new experiences one may ask if the characters selected were the most useful for their purpose? Are they easy to identify, and are their definitions rigorous and unambigous ? What is known about their embryology and development, their genetic control? Was their categorisation adequate? Are they of any general medical, forensic or surgical relevance? What is the extent of intrapopulation variation in incidence ? How do they vary between populations ? This atlas endeavores to answer such questions and to serve as a reference text. The entry of each of the 84 characters summarises its nomenclature, gross anatomy, function, embryology and growth, genetics, medical relevance, sex differences, symmetry (if the character is bilateral), laterality or side preference, age variation, association with other traits, and methods of scoring (the traditional as well as that now proposed). For some traits new results are given applying the proposed methods to male adult skulls of recorded age and origin as well as the frequencies of the variants investigated by traditional methods in a selection of the populations of the world from the literature. The high quality photographs and the overlays (in colour) on the five main views of the skull illustrate each character clearly, better than any verbal definition. The collaboration of 13 international scientists specialised in different fields emphasizes the high quality of this book, and its usefulness for many disciplines as Human Biology and related sciences, Human Genetics, Forensic Medicine, Radiology, Surgery etc. A most extensive bibliography and a synoptical index conclude this reference work which confronts specialists of Human Biology, Anthropology, Medicine, Biology and Genetics with a fascinating problem but is also most useful and comprehensible for students.
Author: Paolo Sassone Corsi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642279120
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 171
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Book Description
What lies at the heart of neuronal plasticity? Accumulating evidence points to epigenetics. This word originally indicated potentially heritable modifications in gene expression that do not involve changes in DNA sequence. Today this definition is much less strict, and epigenetic control is thought to include DNA methylation, histone modifications, histone variants, microRNA metabolic pathways and non-histone proteins modifications. Thus, while neuronal plasticity is rightly thought to be intimately associated to genomic control, it is critical to appreciate that there is much more to the genome than DNA sequence. Recent years have seen spectacular advances in the field of epigenetics. These have attracted the interest of researchers in many fields and evidence connecting epigenetic regulation to brain functions has been accumulating. Neurons daily convert a variety of external stimuli into rapid or long-lasting changes in gene expression. A variety of studies have centered on the molecular mechanisms implicated in epigenetic control and how these may operate in concert. It will be critical to unravel how specificity is achieved. Importantly, specific modifications seem to mediate both developmental processes and adult brain functions, such as synaptic plasticity and memory. Many aspects of the research in neurosciences and endocrinology during the upcoming decade will be dominated by the deciphering of epigenetic control. This book constitutes a compendium of the most updated views in the field.
Author: Carsten Carlberg
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030229076
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 153
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Book Description
The view “It’s all in our genes and we cannot change it” developed in the past 150 years since Gregor Mendel’s experiments with flowering pea plants. However, there is a special form of genetics, referred to as epigenetics, which does not involve any change of our genes but regulates how and when they are used. In the cell nucleus our genes are packed into chromatin, which is a complex of histone proteins and genomic DNA, representing the molecular basis of epigenetics. Our environment and lifestyle decisions influence the epigenetics of our cells and organs, i.e. epigenetics changes dynamically throughout our whole life. Thus, we have the chance to change our epigenetics in a positive as well as negative way and present the onset of diseases, such a type 2 diabetes or cancer. This textbook provides a molecular explanation how our genome is connected with environmental signals. It outlines that epigenetic programming is a learning process that results in epigenetic memory in each of the cells of our body. The central importance of epigenetics during embryogenesis and cellular differentiation as well as in the process of aging and the risk for the development of cancer are discussed. Moreover, the role of the epigenome as a molecular storage of cellular events not only in the brain but also in metabolic organs and in the immune system is described. The book represents an updated but simplified version of our textbook “Human Epigenomics” (ISBN 978-981-10-7614-8). The first five chapters explain the molecular basis of epigenetics, while the following seven chapters provide examples for the impact of epigenetics in human health and disease.
Author: Zvonka Zupanic Slavec
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3709106052
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 249
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Book Description
If DNA cannot be isolated, don't give up the identification! The author has used for the same purpose methods ranging from physical anthropology to forensic medicine and especially a recent method of comparison of epigenetic traits, which proved to be very useful for the identification of family related skulls in connection with historical and other data. The kinship of 18 identified skulls (buried together in a family vault) is established by comparison of X-ray images of paranasal cavities (frontal and maxillary sinuses, orbital and nasal cavities), the shape and size of which are strongly genetically determined. The comparison also extends to numerous other epigenetic trait similarities on the skulls. It is recommended for: scientists working on human identification and studying heredity, forensic scientists, physical anthropologists, radiologists, stomatologists, paleopathologists, geneticists, historians and many others.
Author: Yogesh Dwivedi
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 143983881X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 485
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Book Description
With recent studies using genetic, epigenetic, and other molecular and neurochemical approaches, a new era has begun in understanding pathophysiology of suicide. Emerging evidence suggests that neurobiological factors are not only critical in providing potential risk factors but also provide a promising approach to develop more effective treatment and prevention strategies. The Neurobiological Basis of Suicide discusses the most recent findings in suicide neurobiology. Psychological, psychosocial, and cultural factors are important in determining the risk factors for suicide; however, they offer weak prediction and can be of little clinical use. Interestingly, cognitive characteristics are different among depressed suicidal and depressed nonsuicidal subjects, and could be involved in the development of suicidal behavior. The characterization of the neurobiological basis of suicide is in delineating the risk factors associated with suicide. The Neurobiological Basis of Suicide focuses on how and why these neurobiological factors are crucial in the pathogenic mechanisms of suicidal behavior and how these findings can be transformed into potential therapeutic applications.
Author: L. Joseph Su
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1447166787
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 327
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Book Description
This book examines the toxicological and health implications of environmental epigenetics and provides knowledge through an interdisciplinary approach. Included in this volume are chapters outlining various environmental risk factors such as phthalates and dietary components, life states such as pregnancy and ageing, hormonal and metabolic considerations and specific disease risks such as cancer cardiovascular diseases and other non-communicable diseases. Environmental Epigenetics imparts integrative knowledge of the science of epigenetics and the issues raised in environmental epidemiology. This book is intended to serve both as a reference compendium on environmental epigenetics for scientists in academia, industry and laboratories and as a textbook for graduate level environmental health courses. Environmental Epigenetics imparts integrative knowledge of the science of epigenetics and the issues raised in environmental epidemiology. This book is intended to serve both as a reference compendium on environmental epigenetics for scientists in academia, industry and laboratories and as a textbook for graduate level environmental health courses.
Author: Arturas Petronis
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783642174278
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
Biomedical research in the first decade of the 21st century has been marked by a rapidly growing interest in epigenetics. The reasons for this are numerous, but primarily it stems from the mounting realization that research programs focused solely on DNA sequence variation, despite their breadth and depth, are unlikely to address all fundamental aspects of human biology. Some questions are evident even to non-biologists. How does a single zygote develop into a complex multicellular organism composed of dozens of different tissues and hundreds of cell types, all genetically identical but performing very different functions? Why do monozygotic twins, despite their stunning external similarities, often exhibit significant differences in personality and predisposition to disease? If environmental factors are solely the cause of such variation, why are similar differences also observed between genetically identical animals housed in a uniform environment? Over the last couple of decades, epigenetics has undergone a significant metamorphosis from an abstract developmental theory to a very dynamic and rapidly developing branch of molecular biology. This volume represents a compilation of our current understanding about the key aspects of epigenetic processes in the brain and their role in behavior. The chapters in this book bring together some of the leading researchers in the field of behavioral epigenetics. They explore many of the epigenetic processes which operate or may be operating to mediate neurobiological functions in the brain and describe how perturbations to these systems may play a key role in mediating behavior and the origin of brain diseases.
Author: Jacob Peedicayil
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128235780
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 848
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Book Description
Epigenetics in Psychiatry, Second Edition covers all major areas of psychiatry in which extensive epigenetic research has been performed, fully encompassing a diverse and maturing field, including drug addiction, bipolar disorder, epidemiology, cognitive disorders, and the uses of putative epigenetic-based psychotropic drugs. Uniquely, each chapter correlates epigenetics with relevant advances across genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. The book acts as a catalyst for further research in this growing area of psychiatry. This new edition has been fully revised to address recent advances in epigenetic understanding of psychiatric disorders, evoking data consortia (e.g., CommonMind, ATAC-seq), single cell analysis, and epigenome-wide association studies to empower new research. The book also examines epigenetic effects of the microbiome on psychiatric disorders, and the use of neuroimaging in studying the role of epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression. Ongoing advances in epigenetic therapy are explored in-depth. - Fully revised to discuss new areas of research across neuronal stem cells, cognitive disorders, and transgenerational epigenetics in psychiatric disease - Relates broad advances in psychiatric epigenetics to a modern understanding of the genome, transcriptome, and proteins - Catalyzes knowledge discovery in both basic epigenetic biology and epigenetic targets for drug discovery - Provides guidance in research methods and protocols, as well how to employ data from consortia, single cell analysis, and epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) - Features chapter contributions from international leaders in the field
Author: Daniel Laskowitz
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1498766579
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 388
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Book Description
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting a profound personal and economic toll. Despite the increased resources that have recently been brought to bear to improve our understanding of TBI, the developme
Author: Emeline Verna
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1786308800
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Book Description
Since ancient times, asymptomatic bone variations have been studied in many different disciplines. In radiology, for example, they enable the differentiation of the typical from the anomalous, but in biological anthropology they are especially useful in answering questions about humans and their diachronic and synchronic variability. This book provides an easily accessible presentation of the osseous variations of the postcranial skeleton (from the spine to the feet), which are sometimes poorly understood by the scientific community. These variations are examined one by one, with definitions, population frequencies and complete illustrations given for each. Asymptomatic Osseous Variations of the Postcranial Human Skeleton is intended as a comprehensive reference manual for further research on these types of skeletal variations.
