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Author: Michelle Carolyn Chen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 207
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Book Description
Base isolation is an effective technology for reducing seismic damage to both structural and nonstructural components, as well as to building contents, allowing buildings to remain functional during and in the aftermath of a rare and strong intensity earthquake. This makes it an ideal seismic response modification system for hospitals and buildings of high importance. Despite the enhanced seismic resiliency of buildings incorporating base isolation, many countries have been slow to adopt it in building designs prior to experiencing the devastating effects of a major earthquake, often embracing the technology as an outcome. The goal of the research in this dissertation is to advance the understanding of base isolation, in order to diminish some of the barriers that impede its widespread use. This dissertation uses data collected from a shake table experiment of a full-scale five-story building outfitted with nonstructural components and systems to analyze the structural response of the building in both base isolated and fixed base configurations. By simulating a realistic environment, this project documents the destructive effects of an earthquake with and without base isolation, ultimately demonstrating the technology's effectiveness in minimizing structural demands. Another test that was conducted addressed the specific response of an isolator in realistic earthquake conditions. One of the barriers that prevents the use of base isolation in certain scenarios is because of gaps in knowledge due to lack of testing. To address this, a comprehensive multiaxial testing program of a high damping rubber bearing was performed, fully characterizing the bearing in six degrees of freedom, to understand the impact of realistic loading conditions on the isolator response. Finally, base isolation is often implemented in buildings specifically to protect nonstructural components and ensure functionality of the building after an earthquake. Despite this, current design codes do not specifically address nonstructural components within base isolated buildings. This dissertation proposes a framework for designing inertia-sensitive nonstructural components within base isolated buildings. The framework is demonstrated through a case study using experimental structural response data in conjunction with simulated nonstructural responses generated by relative displacement floor response spectra for inelastic response.
Author: Michelle Carolyn Chen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 207
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Book Description
Base isolation is an effective technology for reducing seismic damage to both structural and nonstructural components, as well as to building contents, allowing buildings to remain functional during and in the aftermath of a rare and strong intensity earthquake. This makes it an ideal seismic response modification system for hospitals and buildings of high importance. Despite the enhanced seismic resiliency of buildings incorporating base isolation, many countries have been slow to adopt it in building designs prior to experiencing the devastating effects of a major earthquake, often embracing the technology as an outcome. The goal of the research in this dissertation is to advance the understanding of base isolation, in order to diminish some of the barriers that impede its widespread use. This dissertation uses data collected from a shake table experiment of a full-scale five-story building outfitted with nonstructural components and systems to analyze the structural response of the building in both base isolated and fixed base configurations. By simulating a realistic environment, this project documents the destructive effects of an earthquake with and without base isolation, ultimately demonstrating the technology's effectiveness in minimizing structural demands. Another test that was conducted addressed the specific response of an isolator in realistic earthquake conditions. One of the barriers that prevents the use of base isolation in certain scenarios is because of gaps in knowledge due to lack of testing. To address this, a comprehensive multiaxial testing program of a high damping rubber bearing was performed, fully characterizing the bearing in six degrees of freedom, to understand the impact of realistic loading conditions on the isolator response. Finally, base isolation is often implemented in buildings specifically to protect nonstructural components and ensure functionality of the building after an earthquake. Despite this, current design codes do not specifically address nonstructural components within base isolated buildings. This dissertation proposes a framework for designing inertia-sensitive nonstructural components within base isolated buildings. The framework is demonstrated through a case study using experimental structural response data in conjunction with simulated nonstructural responses generated by relative displacement floor response spectra for inelastic response.
Author: Izuru Takewaki
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 144714144X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 332
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Book Description
Engineers are always interested in the worst-case scenario. One of the most important and challenging missions of structural engineers may be to narrow the range of unexpected incidents in building structural design. Redundancy, robustness and resilience play an important role in such circumstances. Improving the Earthquake Resilience of Buildings: The worst case approach discusses the importance of worst-scenario approach for improved earthquake resilience of buildings and nuclear reactor facilities. Improving the Earthquake Resilience of Buildings: The worst case approach consists of two parts. The first part deals with the characterization and modeling of worst or critical ground motions on inelastic structures and the related worst-case scenario in the structural design of ordinary simple building structures. The second part of the book focuses on investigating the worst-case scenario for passively controlled and base-isolated buildings. This allows for detailed consideration of a range of topics including: A consideration of damage of building structures in the critical excitation method for improved building-earthquake resilience, A consideration of uncertainties of structural parameters in structural control and base-isolation for improved building-earthquake resilience, and New insights in structural design of super high-rise buildings under long-period ground motions. Improving the Earthquake Resilience of Buildings: The worst case approach is a valuable resource for researchers and engineers interested in learning and applying the worst-case scenario approach in the seismic-resistant design for more resilient structures.
Author: Izuru Takewaki
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889452700
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 63
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Book Description
This eBook is the third in a series of books on the critical earthquake response of elastic or elastic-plastic structures under near-fault or long-duration ground motions, and includes four original research papers which were published in the specialty section Earthquake Engineering in ‘Frontiers in Built Environment’. Several extensions of the first eBook and the second eBook are included here. The first article is on the earthquake resilience of residential houses after repeated ground motions with high intensity. The 2016 Kumamoto earthquake brought a significant impact on the earthquake resilience of residential houses under repeated ground motions with high intensity in a few days. The necessary strength upgrade withstanding two repeated high-intensity ground motions was found to be 1.5. The second article is concerned with the smart enhancement of earthquake resilience of building structures under both near-fault and long-duration ground motions. A hybrid system of base-isolation and building connection control was proposed and its earthquake resilience to near-fault and long-duration ground motions was evaluated by a double impulse and a multiple impulse. It was demonstrated that the base-isolation is effective for near-fault ground motions and the building connection system using passive dampers is effective for long-duration ground motions. The third article is related to the robustness evaluation of elastic-plastic base-isolated high-rise buildings under resonant near-fault ground motions. The robustness function was introduced to evaluate quantitatively the robustness of elastic-plastic base-isolated high-rise buildings. The fourth article is an extension of the previously proposed energy balance approach to a bilinear elastic-plastic single-degree-of-freedom system under a long-duration sinusoidal ground motion. A historical difficulty in nonlinear vibration posed by Caughey (1960) and Iwan (1961) has been overcome in a smart manner after half a century. The approach presented in this eBook, together with the previous eBooks, is an epoch-making accomplishment to open the door for simpler and deeper understanding of structural reliability and resilience of built environments in the elastic-plastic and nonlinear range.
Author: Izuru Takewaki
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889630722
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 135
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Book Description
Resilient buildings and cities are in the center of common interests in modern academic communities for science and engineering related to built environment. Resilience of buildings and cities against multidisciplinary risks, e.g. earthquakes, strong winds, floods, etc., is strongly related to the sustainability of buildings and cities in which reduction of damage during a disaster and fast recovery from the damage are key issues. The reduction of damage is related to the level of resistance of buildings and the time of recovery is affected by the amount of supply of damaged members, assurance of restoration work, etc. Robustness, redundancy, resourcefulness, and rapidity are four key factors for supporting the full realization of design and construction of resilient buildings and cities. This research topic gathers cutting-edge and innovative research from various aspects, e.g. robustness of buildings and cities against earthquake risk, structural control and base-isolation for controlling damage risks, quantification of resilience measures, structural health monitoring, innovative structural engineering techniques for higher safety of buildings, resilience actions and tools at the urban scale, etc.
Author: Jennisie Tipler
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Modern tall buildings are generally not considered to be a large contributor to the seismic risk of cities, based on the presumption that they are designed and built with sufficient safeguards to ensure good performance. This is in spite of the fact that current building code provisions have few, if any, provisions to ensure that tall buildings have better performance than other low-rise structures. This implies that a 40-story building is not expected, or designed, to perform any better than a one-story building following a large seismic event, despite the huge differences in the consequences of collapse and/or damage to these type of structures. The performance of a 42-story couple core wall building located in downtown San Francisco, designed using a state-of-the-practice performance-based approach, is evaluated. Two additional structural schemes, damped outriggers and base isolation, and one additional non-structural scheme are investigated. Non-linear response history analysis is conducted on each of the three structural building designs in order to assess the structural performance at five different seismic hazard levels. Subsequently, the expected building repair cost and downtime are estimated for each scheme; there are six schemes in total when considering the additional non-structural design scheme. The baseline building is expected to suffer financial losses exceeding 15% of the total building cost and functional downtime of almost 2 years (84 weeks) following a design level earthquake. The damped outrigger and base isolation schemes are found to reduce financial losses and downtime, with an expected loss of 14% and 10% of the building cost, respectively and an expected functional downtime of 62 weeks and 43 weeks, respectively following a design-level earthquake. The non-structural design alternative, which also includes provisions to reduce building downtime, was found to reduce loss and downtime in all cases. The best performing building is the base-isolated building with enhanced non-structural design, expected to experience losses of 2.4% of the building value and functional downtime of only 6 weeks following a design-level earthquake. A cost-benefit analysis reveals that all schemes are preferable to the baseline building. The payback period for the two structural design alternatives is found to be 4.6 years and 6.6 years for the damped outrigger and the base isolation schemes, respectively, and the payback period for the non-structural design alternatives are 5.3 years, 9.0 years and 8.7 years for the fixed base, damped outrigger and the base isolation schemes, respectively.
Author:
Publisher: AASHTO
ISBN: 1560514566
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 63
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Book Description
This edition is based on the work of NCHRP project 20-7, task 262 and updates the 2nd (1999) edition -- P. ix.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This eBook is the third in a series of books on the critical earthquake response of elastic or elastic-plastic structures under near-fault or long-duration ground motions, and includes four original research papers which were published in the specialty section Earthquake Engineering in 'Frontiers in Built Environment'. Several extensions of the first eBook and the second eBook are included here. The first article is on the earthquake resilience of residential houses after repeated ground motions with high intensity. The 2016 Kumamoto earthquake brought a significant impact on the earthquake resilience of residential houses under repeated ground motions with high intensity in a few days. The necessary strength upgrade withstanding two repeated high-intensity ground motions was found to be 1.5. The second article is concerned with the smart enhancement of earthquake resilience of building structures under both near-fault and long-duration ground motions. A hybrid system of base-isolation and building connection control was proposed and its earthquake resilience to near-fault and long-duration ground motions was evaluated by a double impulse and a multiple impulse. It was demonstrated that the base-isolation is effective for near-fault ground motions and the building connection system using passive dampers is effective for long-duration ground motions. The third article is related to the robustness evaluation of elastic-plastic base-isolated high-rise buildings under resonant near-fault ground motions. The robustness function was introduced to evaluate quantitatively the robustness of elastic-plastic base-isolated high-rise buildings. The fourth article is an extension of the previously proposed energy balance approach to a bilinear elastic-plastic single-degree-of-freedom system under a long-duration sinusoidal ground motion. A historical difficulty in nonlinear vibration posed by Caughey (1960) and Iwan (1961) has been overcome in a smart manner after half a century. The approach presented in this eBook, together with the previous eBooks, is an epoch-making accomplishment to open the door for simpler and deeper understanding of structural reliability and resilience of built environments in the elastic-plastic and nonlinear range.
Author: T W Duerig
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN: 1483144755
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 512
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Book Description
Engineering Aspects of Shape Memory Alloys provides an understanding of shape memory by defining terms, properties, and applications. It includes tutorials, overviews, and specific design examples—all written with the intention of minimizing the science and maximizing the engineering aspects. Although the individual chapters have been written by many different authors, each one of the best in their fields, the overall tone and intent of the book is not that of a proceedings, but that of a textbook. The book consists of five parts. Part I deals with the mechanism of shape memory and the alloys that exhibit the effect. It also defines many essential terms that will be used in later parts. Part II deals primarily with constrained recovery, but to some extent with free recovery. There is an introductory paper which defines terms and principles, then several specific examples of products based on constrained recovery. Both Parts III and IV deal with actuators. Part III introduces engineering principles while Part IV presents several of the specific examples. Finally, Part V deals with superelasticity, with an introductory paper and then several specific examples of product engineering.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309186773
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 197
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Book Description
The United States will certainly be subject to damaging earthquakes in the future. Some of these earthquakes will occur in highly populated and vulnerable areas. Coping with moderate earthquakes is not a reliable indicator of preparedness for a major earthquake in a populated area. The recent, disastrous, magnitude-9 earthquake that struck northern Japan demonstrates the threat that earthquakes pose. Moreover, the cascading nature of impacts-the earthquake causing a tsunami, cutting electrical power supplies, and stopping the pumps needed to cool nuclear reactors-demonstrates the potential complexity of an earthquake disaster. Such compound disasters can strike any earthquake-prone populated area. National Earthquake Resilience presents a roadmap for increasing our national resilience to earthquakes. The National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) is the multi-agency program mandated by Congress to undertake activities to reduce the effects of future earthquakes in the United States. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)-the lead NEHRP agency-commissioned the National Research Council (NRC) to develop a roadmap for earthquake hazard and risk reduction in the United States that would be based on the goals and objectives for achieving national earthquake resilience described in the 2008 NEHRP Strategic Plan. National Earthquake Resilience does this by assessing the activities and costs that would be required for the nation to achieve earthquake resilience in 20 years. National Earthquake Resilience interprets resilience broadly to incorporate engineering/science (physical), social/economic (behavioral), and institutional (governing) dimensions. Resilience encompasses both pre-disaster preparedness activities and post-disaster response. In combination, these will enhance the robustness of communities in all earthquake-vulnerable regions of our nation so that they can function adequately following damaging earthquakes. While National Earthquake Resilience is written primarily for the NEHRP, it also speaks to a broader audience of policy makers, earth scientists, and emergency managers.
Author: Aiqun Li
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 303040790X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 677
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Book Description
This book presents a comprehensive introduction to the field of structural vibration reduction control, but may also be used as a reference source for more advanced topics. The content is divided into four main parts: the basic principles of structural vibration reduction control, structural vibration reduction devices, structural vibration reduction design methods, and structural vibration reduction engineering practices. As the book strikes a balance between theoretical and practical aspects, it will appeal to researchers and practicing engineers alike, as well as graduate students.
