Effects of Low- and High-intensity Resistance Exercise on Skeletal Muscle Specific Transcription Factor Activity and Myosin Heavy Chain Gene Expression in Males PDF Download
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Author: Colin D. Wilborn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Exercise
Languages : en
Pages : 127
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Book Description
A single bout of resistance training is capable of activating the expression of many diverse groups of genes including myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms and the myogenic regulatory factors (MRF). However, the role of exercise intensity in regards to the effects on transcription and protein synthesis are not well defined. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise intensity on MRF mRNA and protein and MHC mRNA isoforms. Thirteen male participants (21.5 " 2.9 yrs, 86.1 " 19.5 kg, 69.7 " 2.7in) completed two bouts [low-intensity (LI = 65% 1-RM) and high-intensity (HI = 85% 1-RM)] of single-legged resistance exercise. The resistance exercise bout consisted of four sets of leg press and leg extension. Muscle biopsies were obtained from each leg immediately before exercise (PRE), and at 30 minutes (30MPST), 2 hours (2HRPST), and 6 hours (6HRPST) following each resistance exercise bout. Data were analyzed using RT-PCR for mRNA expression and ELISA for protein expression. Statistical analyses were performed by utilizing a 2 x 4 MANOVA (level of significance was set at p
Author: Colin D. Wilborn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Exercise
Languages : en
Pages : 127
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Book Description
A single bout of resistance training is capable of activating the expression of many diverse groups of genes including myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms and the myogenic regulatory factors (MRF). However, the role of exercise intensity in regards to the effects on transcription and protein synthesis are not well defined. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise intensity on MRF mRNA and protein and MHC mRNA isoforms. Thirteen male participants (21.5 " 2.9 yrs, 86.1 " 19.5 kg, 69.7 " 2.7in) completed two bouts [low-intensity (LI = 65% 1-RM) and high-intensity (HI = 85% 1-RM)] of single-legged resistance exercise. The resistance exercise bout consisted of four sets of leg press and leg extension. Muscle biopsies were obtained from each leg immediately before exercise (PRE), and at 30 minutes (30MPST), 2 hours (2HRPST), and 6 hours (6HRPST) following each resistance exercise bout. Data were analyzed using RT-PCR for mRNA expression and ELISA for protein expression. Statistical analyses were performed by utilizing a 2 x 4 MANOVA (level of significance was set at p
Author: Antonios Matsakas
Publisher: diplom.de
ISBN: 3832482938
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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Book Description
Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: Skeletal muscle is a complex and heterogeneous tissue capable of remarkable adaptation in response to various stimuli such as exercise training. Molecular biology approaches have made a large contribution to our current understanding of how mechanical loading can alter gene expression and muscle protein synthesis rates in skeletal muscle. The steady-state level of a given mRNA is a function of both its rate of synthesis and its rate of degradation, implying that the rate of change in response to a cellular stimulus is dependent on the dynamics of mRNA turnover. Changes in muscle mRNA steady-state levels can be taken as an index of changes in gene expression, constituting currently one of the best described and understood molecular events that underlie muscle plasticity. The discovery of new growth factors involved in the regulation of muscle development provides a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the adaptation of skeletal muscle to exercise training. Since it has been shown that changes in contractile function can be brought about by switching on one subset and repressing another subset of genes, it was hypothesized that the steady state level of multiple mRNAs (growth factors and metabolic genes) involved in regulatory functions in a muscle which is frequently recruited during exercise is different between endurance trained versus untrained rats. Recent scientific data indicate that myostatin constitutes a limiting factor in normal muscle development playing a crucial role in skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Nevertheless, there are only scarce data so far about the role of myostatin in the exercise-induced skeletal muscle adaptation. The transient changes in regulatory and structural gene expression provide the molecular basis of the adaptability of the skeletal muscle to exercise stimulus. To get an insight into the molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle adaptation, the main objective of this study was to examine the effect of both the short- and long- term effect of exercise (five day of swimming vs. chronic wheel running) on IGF-I and MSTN (positive and negative skeletal muscle regulators respectively) mRNA contents in male Wistar rats. Potential increase of positive and/or decrease of negative regulators of muscle growth lead to enhanced muscle-progenitor proliferation providing a new perspective in the mechanism of muscle adaptability. It was hypothesized that exercise training could be [...]
Author: Mark Hargreaves
Publisher: Human Kinetics
ISBN: 9780736041034
Category : Energy metabolism
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
A comprehensive reference for biochemists, sport nutritionists, exercise physiologists, and graduate students in those disciplines. Provides information on the metabolic processes that take place during exercise, examining in depth the mobilization and utilization of substrates during physical activity. Focuses primarily on the skeletal muscle, but also discusses the roles of the liver and adipose tissue. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Author: Lemuel W. Taylor
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Exercise
Languages : en
Pages : 141
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Book Description
Acute resistance exercise signals responses in the body to promote adaptations to the exercise stimulus. One key response during and following exercise is the role of signal transduction in the skeletal muscle (MAPK family) and its downstream effects on muscular adaptation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the differential response of a prominent signal transduction pathway following a high-(HI) and a low-intensity (LI) bout of acute resistance exercise. Participants completed a single-legged bout of HI (8-10 reps at 85% of 1-RM) and LI (18-20 reps at 65% of 1-RM) resistance exercise designed to reach muscular fatigue in a randomized, crossover design. Venous blood and muscle biopsies were taken at PRE, 30PST, 2HRPST, and 6HRPST for the two resistance exercise sessions (RES), with an additional blood draw occurring at POST time point. Serum analyses included cortisol, insulin, GH, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3. Muscle analyses included phosphorylated IGF-1R, MEK1, ERK1/2, and activated Elk-1. Statistical analyses utilized a 2X4 MANOVA for muscle and a 2X5 MANOVA for serum variables on delta responses (p>0.05). RES resulted significant increases in cortisol (p
Author: Michael J. Joyner
Publisher: Perspectives Cshl
ISBN: 9781621821656
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 408
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Book Description
Exercise training provokes widespread transformations in the human body, requiring coordinated changes in muscle composition, blood flow, neuronal and hormonal signaling, and metabolism. These changes enhance physical performance, improve mental health, and delay the onset of aging and disease. Understanding the molecular basis of these changes is therefore important for optimizing athletic ability and for developing drugs that elicit therapeutic effects. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine examines the biological basis of exercise from the molecular to the systemic levels. Contributors discuss how transcriptional regulation, cytokine and hormonal signaling, glucose metabolism, epigenetic modifications, microRNA profiles, and mitochondrial and ribosomal functions are altered in response to exercise training, leading to improved skeletal muscle, hippocampal, and cardiovascular function. Cross talk among the pathways underlying tissue-specific and systemic responses to exercise is also considered. The authors also discuss how the understanding of such molecular mechanisms may lead to the development of drugs that mitigate aging and disease. This volume will therefore serve as a vital reference for all involved in the fields of sports science and medicine, as well as anyone seeking to understand the molecular mechanisms by which exercise promotes whole-body health.
Author: Ross Alexander Atkinson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Ageing is associated with a reduction in skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) which impacts on musculoskeletal health (Rosenberg 1997) and affects even successfully ageing adults (Roubenoff 2002). The causes of sarcopenia include reduced neural drive, decreased physical activity levels, poor nutrition and alterations in immunological and hormonal status (Narici and Maffulli 2010). Frailty is a clinical syndrome also associated with several age-related conditions, reduced muscle strength, disability and death (Fried, Tangen et al. 2001). The burden placed upon the health service by those suffering from the combined effects of these conditions is substantial, and therefore ways to prevent age-related deteriorations in musculoskeletal health are clearly warranted. Previously it has been shown that testosterone (T) plays an important role in skeletal muscle development and regulation, and reductions in this hormone have been identified as a major factor contributing to the development of sarcopenia (Ianuzzi-Sucich, Prestwood et al. 2002). Resistance training (RT), however, is the main promoter of skeletal muscle hypertrophy, and is effective in older adults as well as in the young (Fiatarone, Marks et al. 1990). While it is clear that there is a close relationship between muscle mass, strength and T, the variation in each of these parameters in ageing individuals with differing levels of physical activity is less well known. The present work therefore aims to address some of these aspects. Cross-sectional data from this thesis suggest that T does indeed have a positive effect on skeletal muscle mass and strength. T is also an important regulator of BMI. This work also shows that while muscle mass and strength may not be markedly altered in men with low T levels at older age, physiological T replacement does promote preservation of muscle mass in men with low to borderline low T. Despite this, it is unclear whether a marked increase in strength follows. Continued high levels of physical activity into older age (chronic exercise) may be associated with modest maintenance of circulating T levels, but without substantial benefits to muscle size and strength. It is evident from this work, however, that periodised RT regimes in older men may have beneficial effects on circulating T, muscle mass and strength. It is envisaged that future therapies aimed at offsetting the effects of muscle wasting could involve a combination of androgen treatment and resistance exercise.
Author: Jacky Forsyth
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351200267
Category : Sports & Recreation
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
The Exercising Female: Science and Its Application is the first book to provide students, researchers, and professionals with an evidence-based reference on the exceptional scientific issues associated with female participation in sport and exercise. Based on the latest research, and treating women as a unique population, the book seeks to critically evaluate current debates, present the science underpinning female sport and exercise performance, and inform applied practice for the exercising female. Featuring contributions from leading scientists from around the world, and adopting a multidisciplinary approach—from exercise physiology, endocrinology, and biochemistry to psychology, biomechanics, and sociology—the book includes chapters on topics such as: Exercise and the menstrual cycle, contraception, pregnancy, motherhood, and menopause. Body image, exercise dependency, the psychology of sports performance, and homophobia in female sport. The Female Athlete Triad, bone health, musculoskeletal injury, and breast biomechanics. Nutritional requirements for the exercising female, immune function and exercise, and cardiovascular health. Filling a considerable gap in book literature around the science of female sport and exercise, this is crucial reading for any student studying female sport and exercise science, researchers of female sport, and any coach, sport scientist, strength and conditioning coach, sport psychologist, physician, or physiotherapist working with female athletes.
Author: George Karpati
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521650625
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 800
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Book Description
Rewritten and redesigned, this remains the one essential text on the diseases of skeletal muscle.
Author: F. Lanfranco
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 3318058696
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 182
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Book Description
This book is an up-to-date, extensive overview of the effects of physical activity and training on endocrine function. It gives insights into a complex relationship by describing effects with respect to exercise performance, growth, development, and ageing. It includes discussions of the endocrine response depending on exercise mode, intensity, and duration as well as on gender, age, and fitness level. Additionally the book deals with the impact of environmental and psychological factors on endocrine level. A substantial part of Sports Endocrinology is devoted to the 'hot topic' of hormonal doping in sports. The properties of androgens, growth hormone, erythropoietin, and dietary supplements are highlighted. The use and abuse among professional and recreational athletes is discussed and specific methods of detection are presented and explained. All contributors are well-known experts in sports medicine and endocrinology, endocrine physiology, pharmacology, and doping detection, so this book is a must-read for every professional involved in the field.
Author: Bruce Spiegelman
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319727907
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 108
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Book Description
The world is faced with an epidemic of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. This is due to changes in dietary habits and the decrease in physical activity. Exercise is usually part of the prescription, the first line of defense, to prevent or treat metabolic disorders. However, we are still learning how and why exercise provides metabolic benefits in human health. This open access volume focuses on the cellular and molecular pathways that link exercise, muscle biology, hormones and metabolism. This will include novel “myokines” that might act as new therapeutic agents in the future.
