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Author: Pavel Kalac
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128118636
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 255
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Book Description
Effects of Forage Feeding on Milk: Bioactive Compounds and Flavor collates the research related to biologically active compounds associated with chain fresh/preserved temperate forages, the dairy animal, and cow ́s, goat ́s, and ewe ́s milk and milk products. Comprised of six chapters, this book begins by presenting a brief overview of components of the chain – the forage, the milking animal, and milk. The book then addresses desirable and detrimental compounds by providing an expansive description of each compound's chemical nature, methods of analytical determination, biological properties and effects on humans, factors affecting level in forage, effects of ensiling and haymaking, processes within the animal, content in milk and milk products, and health evaluation. The book also outlines volatiles affecting the flavor of milk and milk products, and includes a conclusion and numerous relevant references for further reading. - Summarizes the research related to biologically active compounds associated with milk and milk products - Presents an overview of chain forage related to milking animal milk - Explores desirable and detrimental compounds - Outlines volatiles affecting the flavor of milk and milk products - Includes relevant references for further reading
Author: Pavel Kalac
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128118636
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 255
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Book Description
Effects of Forage Feeding on Milk: Bioactive Compounds and Flavor collates the research related to biologically active compounds associated with chain fresh/preserved temperate forages, the dairy animal, and cow ́s, goat ́s, and ewe ́s milk and milk products. Comprised of six chapters, this book begins by presenting a brief overview of components of the chain – the forage, the milking animal, and milk. The book then addresses desirable and detrimental compounds by providing an expansive description of each compound's chemical nature, methods of analytical determination, biological properties and effects on humans, factors affecting level in forage, effects of ensiling and haymaking, processes within the animal, content in milk and milk products, and health evaluation. The book also outlines volatiles affecting the flavor of milk and milk products, and includes a conclusion and numerous relevant references for further reading. - Summarizes the research related to biologically active compounds associated with milk and milk products - Presents an overview of chain forage related to milking animal milk - Explores desirable and detrimental compounds - Outlines volatiles affecting the flavor of milk and milk products - Includes relevant references for further reading
Author: Carl L. Davis
Publisher: Iowa State Press
ISBN: 9780813829807
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 339
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Book Description
An indispensable resource for the dairy farmer or veterinarian, the researcher, teacher, or advanced student, this book puts the cutting–edge science of raising dairy calves into an accessible, usable form. Geared to those with a basic understanding of principles of animal nutrition and husbandry, the volume gives a comprehensive account of all aspects of calf rearing, from the rudiments of anatomy and development through the practicalities of feeding and housing. The Development, Nutrition and Management of the Young Calf begins with an overview of how the calf′s digestive system develops, highlighting the period of transition from preruminant to ruminant digestion. Here the authors provide information essential to understanding nutritional needs and restrictions during the liquid–feeding phase in the young calf as well as those factors that govern the development of a functional rumen. Major emphasis is given to the energy and protein requirements of the young calf, with attention to the effects of environmental temperature on energy requirements. The authors also review the adequacy of current National Research Council recommendations on the energy and protein requirements of young calves. They discuss the management, nutrition, and care of the pregnant cow as well as calving management necessary to deliver a healthy calf. Other topics include liquid–feeding systems, formulation and use of milk replacers and starter feeds, the weaning process, housing principles, and the interactions of nutrition and disease
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309031818
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 169
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Book Description
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309037956
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 384
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Book Description
This lively book examines recent trends in animal product consumption and diet; reviews industry efforts, policies, and programs aimed at improving the nutritional attributes of animal products; and offers suggestions for further research. In addition, the volume reviews dietary and health recommendations from major health organizations and notes specific target levels for nutrients.
Author: Francisco Armanet Mac-Clure
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Forage
Languages : en
Pages : 108
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Book Description
Author: George C. Fahey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 1032
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Book Description
Provides a historical foundation as well as a review of the state-of- the-art in forage science, detailing 25 years of progress in forage quality, evaluation, and utilization, along with the latest developments and new directions for future research. The volume is divided into six sections: overview of forage science; identification and quantitative measurement of forage quality components; intake as a critical element of forest quality; role of digestion and metabolism in determining forage quality; integrating concepts affecting changes in forage quality; and improving forage quality and evaluation. No index. Member price, $36. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Author: Michael Devin Miller
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dairy cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 410
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Book Description
Dry matter intake (DMI) is one of the most important factors affecting lactational performance and health of dairy cows. Control of DMI in dairy cattle is complicated and multifactorial, but we have chosen to prioritize the two main components that primarily drive farm profitability: forage quality and cow comfort. Brown midrib-3 (BM3) genetics in corn silage typically result in greater fiber digestibility and less indigestible fiber, which result in greater DMI and milk production compared to conventional, non-BM (CON) corn silage. Trace minerals may negatively affect fiber digestion by solubilizing in the rumen. Importantly, hydroxy trace minerals (HTM) are less soluble in the rumen compared to sulfate sources (STM). Still, to-date, no models have inputs that reflect social environment factors such as stocking density and feeding frequency. The objectives of this dissertation were to: 1) evaluate the effect of source of corn silage and trace mineral on lactational performance, total tract digestibility (TTD) of nutrients, and rumen fermentation, and 2) create a model that accurately quantifies the effect of management decisions on DMI. The study addressing the first objective (Chapters 2 and 3) investigated the effects of source of corn silage (CON or BM3) and trace minerals (STM or HTM) on lactational performance, TTD of nutrients, and particle passage rates. Sixteen Holstein cows averaging 82 (SE = 3) days in milk were used in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The dietary treatments were: 1) CON-STM, 2) CON-HTM, 3) BM3-STM, and 4) BM3-HTM. There was no significant interaction between corn silage and trace mineral for DMI and milk yield. Cows fed the BM3 diets had greater DMI and milk yield compared to the cows fed the CON diets. The cows fed the HTM diets had greater DMI than cows fed STM diets. The cows fed the BM3 diets had greater TTD of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) than cows fed the CON diets. Cows fed the HTM diets had a tendency for greater TTD of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) than the cows fed STM diets. Cows fed the BM3 diets had a faster passage rate of small- and medium-sized corn silage NDF particles than cows fed the CON diets. The study addressing the second objective (Chapter 4) created a model that accurately quantifies the effects of stocking density and feeding frequency on behavior and performance of lactating dairy cattle. The foundation of the management model was a time budget. The eating time was predicted using common on-farm measures (NDF content, physically effective NDF, body weight, and milk yield) and had a good predictive ability with a mean absolute error of 39 min/d regardless of parity. Stocking density affected lying time, which accounted for 76% of the variance in lying time. The adjusted lying time was then used to predict a milk yield, which accounted for 36% of the variance in milk yield. The peuNDF240 accounted for 60% of the variance in DMI. Brown midrib-3 corn silage enhanced DMI, milk yield, TTD of OM, and greater passage rate of corn silage particles. Hydroxy trace minerals improved DMI, tended to improve TTD of NDF. The management model appeared to be a useful tool, although more data and research are needed to validate the model. In the future, hopefully, both forage quality and management decisions will be included in the same nutritional model to predict feed intake more accurately.
Author: Ollie Ezekiel Reed
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alfalfa silage
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
Author: H. K. Goering
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Feeds
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
Author: Peter Samuel Yoder
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 139
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Book Description
Abstract: Day to day variation in forage quality, e.g. neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration, is substantial on dairy farms, potentially costly, and presents challenges for sampling the forage accurately. We hypothesized that variation in forage NDF concentration (FNDF) and diet variation caused by sampling error will result in decreased milk production over time, affect partitioning of nutrients, and decrease feed efficiency. Twenty-four Holstein cows averaging 73 days in milk were used in 8 concurrent replicated 3x3 Latin squares with 21 d periods. The treatments were 1) Control, 2) Variable, and 3) Overreacting. All 3 treatments were fed similar diets on average, being 24.8% FNDF, 48.2% total forage, and the forage containing 67% alfalfa silage (45% NDF) and 33% grass silage (64% NDF). Control was consistent in total forage, FNDF, and proportion of alfalfa and grass silages fed from day to day. Variable changed daily (random pattern) in proportion of alfalfa and grass silages fed which resulted in a FNDF standard deviation of 2.4 and range of 6.4 over the 21 d period. Overreacting varied in a 5 day cyclic pattern in total forage concentration resulting in a FNDF standard deviation of 2.6 and range of 7.1 over the 21 d period. Overreacting (25.1 kg/d) had higher dry matter intakes (DMI) compared to the Control (24.5 kg/d) and Variable (24.3 kg/d). Milk production (42.8 kg/d) and gross feed efficiency were not affected by treatment. Milk production, diet sorting, DMI, milk urea nitrogen, and milk fatty acid concentrations were affected by treatment by day interactions. Milk fat (3.49%) and protein (2.80%) concentrations were not affected by treatment or treatment by day interactions. Lipolytic and lipogenic enzymes mRNA abundance in subcutaneous adipose tissue were unaffected by treatment, but were generally higher for Variable and Overreacting. Milk fatty acid markers for cellulolytic bacteria (iso-14:0, iso-15:0, iso-16:0), ruminal propionate (15:0) and lipolysis (18:0, long chain fatty acids) were affected by treatment by day interactions and generally followed the expected response to individual day rations and/or DMI changes. Variable had lower DMI and milk production than Control on 4 and 1 d during the 21 d period. In contrast, Variable had higher daily DMI on 1 d and milk production on 3 d compared to Control. Daily DMI for Overreacting was never lower than Control but milk yield was lower on 1 d of the 21 d period. Daily DMI and milk yields were higher on 5 d and 6 d for Overreacting compared to Control. Daily decreases for milk yields by Variable and Overreacting followed sustained 4 and 5 d of feeding a higher FNDF diet compared to Control. In contrast, increased daily milk yields versus Control for Variable and Overreacting were more frequent (3 and 6 d) and responsive to sustained diet changes (3 and 2 d). Cows in peak lactation showed no cumulative negative effects of variable FNDF for DMI, milk production, and gross feed efficiency. Changes of lipolysis indicators suggested the ability was present to buffer short term diet aberrations and/or changing DMI.
